This document provides an overview of early Roman history and government. It discusses the transition from Roman monarchy to the Roman Republic in 509 BCE. It then describes the three branches of government that made up the Roman Republic: the consuls as the executive branch, the Senate as the advisory branch, and the assemblies as the legislative branch. The document also defines and explains the concepts of satire and the different types of satire, including formal satire (Horatian and Juvenalian) and indirect satire. It identifies common satirical techniques such as exaggeration, incongruity, reversal, and parody.