The three periods - Pre-Hispanic, Hispanic, and American - shared some commonalities. The societies in all three periods valued family as the most important social unit and instilled values like honor, respect, and cooperation. They also focused on livelihood development and were predominantly religious. The period that best represented the concept of freedom was the American period, as the U.S. aimed to free the Philippines from colonial rule and helped establish self-governing institutions like the Commonwealth. The Hispanic period resulted in more improvements to the Philippines as it reestablished economic ties with Spain, leading to the growth of Spanish companies in the country and rising trade between the Philippines, Spain, and Latin America.

1. HUM10 Group 1

2. The Pre-Hispanic The Filipinos before the arrival of the Spaniards were basically hunters, fishers, and cultivators. These tribes were groups of highlanders who barely had access of seawater. And because of the presence of rice terraces, only the central mountains of Luzon had well structured livelihood that resulted to a more fixed territory. The lowlanders lived in a kinship headed by a Datu or a chief within a community called Barangay ; the most stable economic and political unit of no more than a few hundred individuals. Within that unit, there were three broad classes : the datu and his family and the nobles, the freeholders and the dependents. Under dependents, there were sharecroppers, debt peons and war captives- which the last two levels were considered slaves by the Spanish.

3. Hispanic Period It was not easy for the Spaniards to conquer and build a government in the Philippines because the native Filipinos fought for their rights, freedom, and dignity. The first Europeans to arrive were the Spanish led by Ferndinand Magellan {Fernao de Magalhaes (Portugese) Fernando de Magallanes (Spanish)}. He claimed the islands for Spain on March 16, 1521. When he came to Limasawa on March 18, 1521, he united with RahaKulambu and RahaSiagu of Butuun who are brothers. There, the first mass was celebrated and stationed a cross on top of the mountain. He baptized the place as Kapuluanni San Larazo. But his vanquishing ended when he tried to conquer Mactan where a brave leader fought him to death named Lapu-Lapu.

4. Miguel Lopez de Legazpi made the first permanent Spanish settlement on Cebu in 1565. In 1571, the islands were renamed in honor of King Philip II. He named the island as Felipinas and the capital was moved to Manila. The name was later changed into Philippines. A governor-general responsible to the viceroy of Mexico headed the colonial administration, but the parish priest was often the only visible symbol of Spanish authority in rural areas, and religious orders controlled education and many great estates. The Spanish came into conflict with the expanding Muslim population and eventually pushed them back to the southern islands, although neither Spain nor the United States at a later date was ever able to subjugate the Muslims completely. The Spanish occupation was inseparably linked with the missionary work of the Roman Catholic church. Trade in Chinese luxury items, gathered in Manila and sold in Acapulco in exchange for silver, was the economic foundation of the colony until the 19th century, when the independence of Spain's New World colonies forced a shift to the cash-crop economy that persists to this day.

5. American Period The first phase was from 1898 to 1935, during which time Washington defined its colonial mission as one of tutelage and preparing the Philippines for eventual independence. Political organizations developed quickly, and the popularly elected Philippine Assembly (lower house) and the U.S.-appointed Philippine Commission (upper house) served as a bicameral legislature. The ilustrados formed the Federalista Party, but their statehood platform had limited appeal. In 1905 the party was renamed the National Progressive Party and took up a platform of independence. The Nacionalista Party was formed in 1907 and dominated Filipino politics until after World War II. Its leaders were not ilustrados. Despite their “immediate independence” platform, the party leaders participated in a collaborative leadership with the United States. A major development emerging in the post-World War I period was resistance to elite control of the land by tenant farmers, who were supported by the Socialist Party and the Communist Party of the Philippines. Tenant strikes and occasional violence occurred as the Great Depression wore on and cash-crop prices collapsed.

6. The Questions 1. What are the commonalities of Pre-Hispanic, Hispanic and American colonization ? 2. Which among the 3 periods do you think we have the concept of Freedom ? 3. Which period did Philippines improve more ?

7. The Commonalities of Pre-Hispanic, Hispanic and American Colonization. These three (3) periods (Pre Hispanic, Hispanic and American) shared common attributes to one another, in terms of economic, political and social aspects. Pre Hispanic is similar to Hispanic and American by giving high value to the importance of family in the society, since family is a close knit group and most important social unit. The families also instill to their children the importance of honor, good manner and respect for authority and the elderly. These periods take precedence over the needs of the individual and this was brought up to be cooperative of the people, and also through helping each other. They also believed on ritual practices and people on these periods are religious, majority belonging to the Catholic Church and all are aiming for livelihood development.

8. The Period Where We Have the Concept of Freedom Among the three periods, the American period has the concept of freedom because from the very beginning, their arrival to our territory is to free us from our rulers. Indeed, Americans took over our country; Philippines, but they helped us established organizations, one of which was the Commonwealth which was headed by Manuel L. Quezon ( President). This government of the Philippines was reinforced for the peaceful manner of full independence. Until we finally achieved our freedom; July 4 1946, the official proclamation of Philippine independence.

9. The Period Which Improved Our Country The Philippines have become economically successful during the Hispanic period because Philippines have begun to re establish closer ties to its former colonial rulers, Spain. Spaniards came for commercial reasons that is why arising of Spanish companies (San Miguel and Tobacco Filipinas) has began. It has a great contribution to the economic, political and social development of the nation. Trade between Spain and Latin American countries had risen toward the closing of the century. However, it also opened a new opportunity for both Spanish and Filipino businesses to reconnect their historic ties as trade between East and West continuous to rise during 21st century.

10. Thank You Good Day