This chapter discusses two approaches to human resources and job design: efficiency and employee satisfaction. It explores how organizations can effectively manage labor and design jobs to attract and communicate requirements to employees. The chapter also examines constraints on operational managers in making decisions around labor planning, job design, and labor standards. Ethical standards and challenges in the work environment are also addressed.

1. Human resources and job design
Summary
This chapter enlightened the two basic approaches human resources and job design
with its advantages and disadvantages of specialization. How we can manage labor and
design jobs to attract people and to communicate them easily our requirements. Job
Design is the act of specifying the contents and methods of jobs. Current practices in
job design surrounds with two basic elementary schools of thought, efficiency and
satisfaction of wants and needs. Mutual consensus and quality work is a basic
requirement for individuals. According to specialization there is a narrow scope for jobs.
Specialists required a full command of skills and knowledge regarding the job and basic
trainings because they are questionable for their work and all activities which they do.
The advantages of specialized assembly line workers are high productivity and
relatively low unit costs.
From this chapter we’ll study how an organizations operational manager can effectively
and efficiently achieve human resource activities to capture competitive advantage over
their competitors. There are several constraints which an operational manager has to
resolve and take decisions according to standard processes, three major aspects of
Labor planning, job design and labor standard are distinct part of human resource
strategy which are:
Employment stability, work schedules and work rules comes under the policy of
Labor planning.
Employee’s specific tasks and duties for specific job are determined by Job
design.
Completion time of specific job comes under Labor standard.
Ethical standards and there challenges of work environments are mentioned in this
chapter. Being manager how to train their employees to use preventive measures like
using safety equipments during work and implementing those rules have been
discussed in this chapter.