This document provides instructions for properly selecting a fan or blower. It outlines 9 key steps to select the appropriate fan type, total airflow, static pressure, density, temperature, altitude, material handling considerations if applicable, ambient temperature range, and safety classification. The instructions describe factors to consider such as temperature and pressure corrections based on operating conditions. Cautions are provided about rotating equipment and ensuring proper guards are used.
Stall can most easily be defined as a condition in which heat transfer equipment is unable to drain condensate and becomes flooded due to insufficient system pressure.
What causes stall?
Stall occurs primarily in heat transfer equipment where the steam pressure is modulated to obtain a desired output (i.e. product temperature). The pressure range of any such equipment ( coils, shell & tube, etc....) can be segmented into two (2) distinct operational modes: Operating and Stall
Operating: In the upper section of the pressure range the operating pressure (OP) of the equipment is greater than the back pressure (BP) present at the discharge of the steam trap. Therefore a positive pressure differential across the trap exists allowing for condensate to flow from the equipment to the condensate return line.
Stall: In the lower section of the pressure range the operating pressure (OP) of the equipment is less than or equal to the back pressure (BP) present at the discharge of the steam trap. Therefore a negative or no pressure differential exists, this does not allow condensate to be discharged to the return line and the condensate begins to collect and flood the equipment.
Kadant steam jet thermocompressors recirculate or boost lower-pressure steam for reuse in industrial processes. Thermocompressors work by mixing lower-pressure steam with higher-pressure motive steam, transferring momentum to increase the lower steam's pressure. Kadant offers standard and high-efficiency thermocompressor models, with the latter providing up to 25% greater entrainment efficiency through computational fluid dynamics modeling and optimized geometry.
Pressure reducing stations (PRS) is the arrangement of certain valves which is used to provide desired steam pressure at user’s end. Steam coming from the Boiler, through the steam line, enters the PRS at a higher pressure and leaves the PRS at reduced (specified) pressure, in this the flow of the steam remains constant. Like Steam Boiler, PRS is also pressure equipment.
Industrial fans often play an important role in energy related processes. What about Centrifugal Fans ? They are used quite some processes Rendering, LNG Vaporisers, Food, Fertiliser, Cooling, Ammonia. Like to know more about these hi tech cracks? Have a look.
This document summarizes the key steps in designing liquid pipelines according to API 14E standards. It discusses important considerations like ensuring velocity is below 15 feet per second to avoid erosion and pressure drop is below 1 psi per 100 feet. The document then provides an example calculation for sizing a water pipeline using schedule 40 and 80 steel pipes. It determines that an 8-inch schedule 40 pipe meets both velocity and pressure drop requirements and has the lowest annual operating costs.
Juan Pablo Hernández presented information on control valve sizing for compressible fluids. Control valves are used to meet process conditions and product quality specifications. Three methods for sizing control valves were compared: hand made calculations, Fisher software, and Aspen Hysys simulation. All three methods produced similar results for the example case of sizing a control valve for superheated steam. However, the Fisher software was identified as the preferred method due to providing reliable sizing in less time compared to hand calculations.
Stall can most easily be defined as a condition in which heat transfer equipment is unable to drain condensate and becomes flooded due to insufficient system pressure.
What causes stall?
Stall occurs primarily in heat transfer equipment where the steam pressure is modulated to obtain a desired output (i.e. product temperature). The pressure range of any such equipment ( coils, shell & tube, etc....) can be segmented into two (2) distinct operational modes: Operating and Stall
Operating: In the upper section of the pressure range the operating pressure (OP) of the equipment is greater than the back pressure (BP) present at the discharge of the steam trap. Therefore a positive pressure differential across the trap exists allowing for condensate to flow from the equipment to the condensate return line.
Stall: In the lower section of the pressure range the operating pressure (OP) of the equipment is less than or equal to the back pressure (BP) present at the discharge of the steam trap. Therefore a negative or no pressure differential exists, this does not allow condensate to be discharged to the return line and the condensate begins to collect and flood the equipment.
Kadant steam jet thermocompressors recirculate or boost lower-pressure steam for reuse in industrial processes. Thermocompressors work by mixing lower-pressure steam with higher-pressure motive steam, transferring momentum to increase the lower steam's pressure. Kadant offers standard and high-efficiency thermocompressor models, with the latter providing up to 25% greater entrainment efficiency through computational fluid dynamics modeling and optimized geometry.
Pressure reducing stations (PRS) is the arrangement of certain valves which is used to provide desired steam pressure at user’s end. Steam coming from the Boiler, through the steam line, enters the PRS at a higher pressure and leaves the PRS at reduced (specified) pressure, in this the flow of the steam remains constant. Like Steam Boiler, PRS is also pressure equipment.
Industrial fans often play an important role in energy related processes. What about Centrifugal Fans ? They are used quite some processes Rendering, LNG Vaporisers, Food, Fertiliser, Cooling, Ammonia. Like to know more about these hi tech cracks? Have a look.
This document summarizes the key steps in designing liquid pipelines according to API 14E standards. It discusses important considerations like ensuring velocity is below 15 feet per second to avoid erosion and pressure drop is below 1 psi per 100 feet. The document then provides an example calculation for sizing a water pipeline using schedule 40 and 80 steel pipes. It determines that an 8-inch schedule 40 pipe meets both velocity and pressure drop requirements and has the lowest annual operating costs.
Juan Pablo Hernández presented information on control valve sizing for compressible fluids. Control valves are used to meet process conditions and product quality specifications. Three methods for sizing control valves were compared: hand made calculations, Fisher software, and Aspen Hysys simulation. All three methods produced similar results for the example case of sizing a control valve for superheated steam. However, the Fisher software was identified as the preferred method due to providing reliable sizing in less time compared to hand calculations.
Fan selection for cement and lime industry applications requires consideration of several key factors:
1) Point of operation parameters like density, temperature, and pressure affect system resistance and required fan size.
2) Density is especially important because fans operate at constant volume, but processes require constant mass flow, so incorrect density assumptions could result in undersized fans.
3) System effects from duct configurations and component spacing must be accounted for, as they increase actual system resistance beyond standard estimates.
Steam thermocompressors utilize a flow of high pressure steam to boost the pressure of a stream of low pressure steam. The purpose can be to either recycle the low pressure steam with the added heat, or to create a usable steam supply from a low pressure steam source.
Be project final_project_first_stage_presentationNikhilesh Mane
The document describes the design of an inline desuperheater for Bajaj Power Equipment Pvt. LTD. It includes an introduction to desuperheaters and their purpose in reducing steam temperature for process applications. The objectives are to design an effective compact desuperheater and analyze its operation. The methodology involves analyzing steam properties, calculating desuperheater parameters, manufacturing it, and analyzing performance. Key calculations like mass flow rates and nozzle sizing are shown. The proposed design includes a steam pipe, spray nozzles, control valves, and sensors. References on desuperheater design and applications are also provided.
Be project - PRDS (Pressure Reducing And Desuperheater Station)Nikhilesh Mane
The document describes the design of a pressure reducing and desuperheater station (PRDS) by a group of mechanical engineering students. It includes the objectives, methodology, design calculations, layout, and components of the PRDS. The group analyzed steam properties, selected valves and layout, designed an inline multi-nozzle desuperheater, and installed and analyzed the PRDS. Calculations were shown for sizing the steam and water pipes, nozzle dimensions, and validating the design was safe. The layout included valves, strainers, gauges and the desuperheater. References were provided for standards and related research.
This document summarizes API STD 521 Part-I, which provides guidance on overpressure protection for refinery equipment. It discusses overpressure causes and protection philosophies. It also lists the minimum recommended contents for relief system designs and flare header calculations. These include analyzing overpressure causes, operating conditions, relief device sizing, and documentation of simulation inputs and outputs. Various overpressure causes are outlined, such as closed outlets, absorbent or cooling failures, accumulation of non-condensables, abnormal heat input, explosions, and depressurizing. Protection measures against these causes like relief valves, rupture disks, and explosion prevention are also mentioned.
Sizing of relief valves for supercritical fluidsAlexis Torreele
The document provides an overview of Jacobs, an engineering company, and discusses their approach to sizing relief valves for supercritical fluids. It then presents a case study example of calculating the relief requirements for a vessel containing methane undergoing an external fire. The key steps involve: (1) gathering process data; (2) determining heat input from the fire; (3) calculating fluid properties as temperature increases; (4) determining mass and volume relief rates; (5) calculating choked flow rates; and (6) sizing the required relief valve orifice. The example demonstrates that relief of supercritical fluids can involve complex two-phase flow that requires specialized modeling approaches.
BE-Project Pressure Reducing And Desuperheater StationNikhilesh Mane
This document presents the design project of a Pressure Reducing and Desuperheating Station (PRDS) carried out by 4 mechanical engineering students to fulfill their bachelor's degree requirements. It includes an introduction to desuperheating and the need for a PRDS, a literature review on desuperheater design, the methodology adopted for the project, design calculations and layout, and plans for testing the final assembly.
The document summarizes the basics of pressure relief devices, including why they are required, common components, classification and types. It provides examples of relief scenarios and causes of overpressure. The key steps in relief device sizing calculations are outlined. An example calculation is shown for checking the adequacy of installed relief devices for a reactor system during an emergency relief scenario involving an external fire.
Pressure Relief Valve Sizing for Single Phase FlowVikram Sharma
This presentation file provides a quick refresher to pressure relief valve sizing for single phase flow. The calculation guideline is as per API Std 520.
This document summarizes research on modifications to vapor compression refrigeration systems to improve efficiency. It discusses using a diffuser at the condenser inlet to reduce the velocity of refrigerant leaving the compressor, which can improve system performance. The document reviews several other modifications studied in literature, including advances in compressor design, increasing subcooling, minimizing evaporator hunting, and new refrigerant cycles. It concludes that reducing refrigerant velocity with a diffuser can avoid problems caused by high velocity such as liquid humping and damage to condenser tubing.
The concept of an improved dryer control system is to utilize modern control capabilities to provide supervisory control over the steam control and dryer drainage system.
This document describes various types of equipment used in pharmaceutical manufacturing, including sampling booths, dispensing booths, sifting equipment, mills, granulation equipment, blending equipment, tablet compression machines, coating equipment, and packaging equipment. It provides details on the components, functioning, and purposes of different pieces of equipment for processes like sampling, milling, granulation, blending, compression, coating, and packaging.
This document describes an experiment to measure the pressure drop across a louvered-fin heat exchanger. The experiment first calculates the volumetric airflow rate through a wind tunnel using nozzle dimensions and pressure drop measurements. It then uses this airflow rate and heat exchanger geometry to estimate the pressure drop via friction factor and loss coefficient calculations. Experimental pressure drop measurements across the heat exchanger are taken and compared to theoretical values, finding a large difference. An adjusted empirical formula for friction factor is derived from the experimental results.
Ai Ch E Overpressure Protection Trainingernestvictor
The document provides an overview of overpressure protection and relief system design. It discusses key concepts such as causes of overpressure, applicable codes and standards, the relief system design process, relief device terminology, and methods for determining relief loads from scenarios such as blocked outlets, thermal expansion, external fires, and automatic control failures. The document is intended to educate engineers on important considerations for properly sizing and designing pressure relief systems.
The Spirax Sarco Direct Operated Temperature Regulators are for use on steam and liquid applications. The regulators give stable, modulating control within close tolerances. On storage and constant load applications they will control at set value. On variable load applications they will normally operate within
a very narrow temperature band.
Gases and steam are compressible. It is normal that when gas or steam reaches the disc in a valve, it compresses and builds up before passing through the valve. This compression may cause a rapid build up of system pressure and be potentially harmful. There are other process conditions, such as boiler control malfunction, that can create elevated pressure in a closed system. Every system and component in a pressurized system has a safe operating pressure limit that must not be exceeded.
This document discusses different types of fans and their characteristics. It describes axial fans like propeller, tube-axial, and vane-axial fans which move air perpendicular to blade rotation. It also describes centrifugal fans which move air in the direction of impeller rotation and come in airfoil, backward inclined, radial, and forward curved types. The document discusses fan laws for predicting performance at different speeds and includes an example problem. It also covers system curves, catalog fan curves, variable flow control devices, and their performance characteristics.
The document summarizes 2-valve and 3-valve manifolds from ALIA's AHV400 series. The manifolds are constructed of 316 stainless steel and undergo testing for pressure, vacuum, vibration and thermal stability. They feature isolation valves to block, bleed and calibrate connected instruments. Double block and bleed gauge valves with two valves and a single outlet are also described. Separately mounted and T-type direct mounting 3-valve manifolds are outlined for remote differential pressure instrument installation.
One of the most widely used methods of monitoring and controlling liquid level in a tank is the use of Bubble Tubes with Pressure or Differential Pressure Transmitters. A small but uninterrupted flow of air or inert gas is forced down through a dip tube which extends to near the bottom of the tank. The back pressure of the introduced gas is a function of the liquid level or head in the tank.
This document provides an overview of pneumatic systems for FIRST robots, including key components in the 2010 kit of parts, basic pneumatic principles, calculations for determining cylinder force, examples of typical pneumatic applications, and tips for design and safety. It covers topics such as air compressors, tanks, regulators, solenoid valves, cylinder sizing, energy usage calculations, gripper and braking system examples, and considerations around the pros and cons of pneumatics.
Lacrosse is a competitive team sport that requires hand-eye coordination and working with a team. It is considered the fastest game played on two feet. The document recommends lacrosse as an exercise that is fun and tests hand-eye coordination through competitive team play.
This blog is aimed at 14 to 17-year-old 9th and 10th grade public school students who are at a basic A1-A2 English level. It provides resources like forums, games, interviews and videos related to social issues to complement classroom learning and allow students to interact with English while arguing, suggesting solutions and sharing experiences on social topics relevant to their context.
Fan selection for cement and lime industry applications requires consideration of several key factors:
1) Point of operation parameters like density, temperature, and pressure affect system resistance and required fan size.
2) Density is especially important because fans operate at constant volume, but processes require constant mass flow, so incorrect density assumptions could result in undersized fans.
3) System effects from duct configurations and component spacing must be accounted for, as they increase actual system resistance beyond standard estimates.
Steam thermocompressors utilize a flow of high pressure steam to boost the pressure of a stream of low pressure steam. The purpose can be to either recycle the low pressure steam with the added heat, or to create a usable steam supply from a low pressure steam source.
Be project final_project_first_stage_presentationNikhilesh Mane
The document describes the design of an inline desuperheater for Bajaj Power Equipment Pvt. LTD. It includes an introduction to desuperheaters and their purpose in reducing steam temperature for process applications. The objectives are to design an effective compact desuperheater and analyze its operation. The methodology involves analyzing steam properties, calculating desuperheater parameters, manufacturing it, and analyzing performance. Key calculations like mass flow rates and nozzle sizing are shown. The proposed design includes a steam pipe, spray nozzles, control valves, and sensors. References on desuperheater design and applications are also provided.
Be project - PRDS (Pressure Reducing And Desuperheater Station)Nikhilesh Mane
The document describes the design of a pressure reducing and desuperheater station (PRDS) by a group of mechanical engineering students. It includes the objectives, methodology, design calculations, layout, and components of the PRDS. The group analyzed steam properties, selected valves and layout, designed an inline multi-nozzle desuperheater, and installed and analyzed the PRDS. Calculations were shown for sizing the steam and water pipes, nozzle dimensions, and validating the design was safe. The layout included valves, strainers, gauges and the desuperheater. References were provided for standards and related research.
This document summarizes API STD 521 Part-I, which provides guidance on overpressure protection for refinery equipment. It discusses overpressure causes and protection philosophies. It also lists the minimum recommended contents for relief system designs and flare header calculations. These include analyzing overpressure causes, operating conditions, relief device sizing, and documentation of simulation inputs and outputs. Various overpressure causes are outlined, such as closed outlets, absorbent or cooling failures, accumulation of non-condensables, abnormal heat input, explosions, and depressurizing. Protection measures against these causes like relief valves, rupture disks, and explosion prevention are also mentioned.
Sizing of relief valves for supercritical fluidsAlexis Torreele
The document provides an overview of Jacobs, an engineering company, and discusses their approach to sizing relief valves for supercritical fluids. It then presents a case study example of calculating the relief requirements for a vessel containing methane undergoing an external fire. The key steps involve: (1) gathering process data; (2) determining heat input from the fire; (3) calculating fluid properties as temperature increases; (4) determining mass and volume relief rates; (5) calculating choked flow rates; and (6) sizing the required relief valve orifice. The example demonstrates that relief of supercritical fluids can involve complex two-phase flow that requires specialized modeling approaches.
BE-Project Pressure Reducing And Desuperheater StationNikhilesh Mane
This document presents the design project of a Pressure Reducing and Desuperheating Station (PRDS) carried out by 4 mechanical engineering students to fulfill their bachelor's degree requirements. It includes an introduction to desuperheating and the need for a PRDS, a literature review on desuperheater design, the methodology adopted for the project, design calculations and layout, and plans for testing the final assembly.
The document summarizes the basics of pressure relief devices, including why they are required, common components, classification and types. It provides examples of relief scenarios and causes of overpressure. The key steps in relief device sizing calculations are outlined. An example calculation is shown for checking the adequacy of installed relief devices for a reactor system during an emergency relief scenario involving an external fire.
Pressure Relief Valve Sizing for Single Phase FlowVikram Sharma
This presentation file provides a quick refresher to pressure relief valve sizing for single phase flow. The calculation guideline is as per API Std 520.
This document summarizes research on modifications to vapor compression refrigeration systems to improve efficiency. It discusses using a diffuser at the condenser inlet to reduce the velocity of refrigerant leaving the compressor, which can improve system performance. The document reviews several other modifications studied in literature, including advances in compressor design, increasing subcooling, minimizing evaporator hunting, and new refrigerant cycles. It concludes that reducing refrigerant velocity with a diffuser can avoid problems caused by high velocity such as liquid humping and damage to condenser tubing.
The concept of an improved dryer control system is to utilize modern control capabilities to provide supervisory control over the steam control and dryer drainage system.
This document describes various types of equipment used in pharmaceutical manufacturing, including sampling booths, dispensing booths, sifting equipment, mills, granulation equipment, blending equipment, tablet compression machines, coating equipment, and packaging equipment. It provides details on the components, functioning, and purposes of different pieces of equipment for processes like sampling, milling, granulation, blending, compression, coating, and packaging.
This document describes an experiment to measure the pressure drop across a louvered-fin heat exchanger. The experiment first calculates the volumetric airflow rate through a wind tunnel using nozzle dimensions and pressure drop measurements. It then uses this airflow rate and heat exchanger geometry to estimate the pressure drop via friction factor and loss coefficient calculations. Experimental pressure drop measurements across the heat exchanger are taken and compared to theoretical values, finding a large difference. An adjusted empirical formula for friction factor is derived from the experimental results.
Ai Ch E Overpressure Protection Trainingernestvictor
The document provides an overview of overpressure protection and relief system design. It discusses key concepts such as causes of overpressure, applicable codes and standards, the relief system design process, relief device terminology, and methods for determining relief loads from scenarios such as blocked outlets, thermal expansion, external fires, and automatic control failures. The document is intended to educate engineers on important considerations for properly sizing and designing pressure relief systems.
The Spirax Sarco Direct Operated Temperature Regulators are for use on steam and liquid applications. The regulators give stable, modulating control within close tolerances. On storage and constant load applications they will control at set value. On variable load applications they will normally operate within
a very narrow temperature band.
Gases and steam are compressible. It is normal that when gas or steam reaches the disc in a valve, it compresses and builds up before passing through the valve. This compression may cause a rapid build up of system pressure and be potentially harmful. There are other process conditions, such as boiler control malfunction, that can create elevated pressure in a closed system. Every system and component in a pressurized system has a safe operating pressure limit that must not be exceeded.
This document discusses different types of fans and their characteristics. It describes axial fans like propeller, tube-axial, and vane-axial fans which move air perpendicular to blade rotation. It also describes centrifugal fans which move air in the direction of impeller rotation and come in airfoil, backward inclined, radial, and forward curved types. The document discusses fan laws for predicting performance at different speeds and includes an example problem. It also covers system curves, catalog fan curves, variable flow control devices, and their performance characteristics.
The document summarizes 2-valve and 3-valve manifolds from ALIA's AHV400 series. The manifolds are constructed of 316 stainless steel and undergo testing for pressure, vacuum, vibration and thermal stability. They feature isolation valves to block, bleed and calibrate connected instruments. Double block and bleed gauge valves with two valves and a single outlet are also described. Separately mounted and T-type direct mounting 3-valve manifolds are outlined for remote differential pressure instrument installation.
One of the most widely used methods of monitoring and controlling liquid level in a tank is the use of Bubble Tubes with Pressure or Differential Pressure Transmitters. A small but uninterrupted flow of air or inert gas is forced down through a dip tube which extends to near the bottom of the tank. The back pressure of the introduced gas is a function of the liquid level or head in the tank.
This document provides an overview of pneumatic systems for FIRST robots, including key components in the 2010 kit of parts, basic pneumatic principles, calculations for determining cylinder force, examples of typical pneumatic applications, and tips for design and safety. It covers topics such as air compressors, tanks, regulators, solenoid valves, cylinder sizing, energy usage calculations, gripper and braking system examples, and considerations around the pros and cons of pneumatics.
Lacrosse is a competitive team sport that requires hand-eye coordination and working with a team. It is considered the fastest game played on two feet. The document recommends lacrosse as an exercise that is fun and tests hand-eye coordination through competitive team play.
This blog is aimed at 14 to 17-year-old 9th and 10th grade public school students who are at a basic A1-A2 English level. It provides resources like forums, games, interviews and videos related to social issues to complement classroom learning and allow students to interact with English while arguing, suggesting solutions and sharing experiences on social topics relevant to their context.
This document proposes creating a blog for 14-17 year old public school students at basic English proficiency levels who lack motivation in English. The blog would allow students to discuss social issues relevant to them through sharing information, writing about experiences, and interacting with English content like games, interviews, videos, chat and daily news in an enjoyable way to increase their engagement with English.
Gregor Mendel was an Austrian monk who experimented with pea plants in the 1850s and 1860s. Through his experiments, he discovered the laws of inheritance known as Mendel's laws of segregation and independent assortment. Mendel showed that traits are passed from parents to offspring through discrete units (now known as genes) that segregate and assort independently. His work laid the foundation for modern genetics although it was not widely recognized until the early 1900s.
Thanks Ms Moll victorian modern cursivedeborahmoll
The document is a short thank you message to Ms. Moll. In one sentence or less, it expresses gratitude to Ms. Moll but provides no other context or details about the reason for the thanks.
The document is a short thank you message to Ms. Moll. In one sentence or less, it expresses gratitude to Ms. Moll but provides no other context or details about the reason for the thanks.
UNF's Club Fest on Thursday afternoon featured a wide variety of student clubs beyond the usual suspects like language and drama clubs. Clubs ranged from the Krishna Club to the Pre-Dental Club, offering something for all interests. Current club members actively recruited new members through games and free food. A local favorite, Kona Ice, also provided free shaved ice to students. The diverse array of clubs accurately represented UNF's diverse student population. While different, each club shared a common goal of welcoming new Osprey students.
The document is a short thank you message to Ms. Moll. In one sentence or less, it expresses gratitude to Ms. Moll but provides no other context or details about the reason for the thanks.
A blue witch doubled the sun, causing there to be two suns in the sky. As the spell continued, the number of suns kept doubling, greatly increasing the heat. Frooby used his math skills to halve the number of suns, returning it to a single sun. The blue witch offered to show Frooby a tripling spell next, but Frooby declined, having had enough magic for one day.
Discurso pronunciado por el Gobernador del Estado de Veracruz, Javier Duarte de Ochoa, durante la presentación de Agenda Estratégica: “Desarrollo y Bienestar Social”: Entrega de 150 viviendas, evento que se llevó a cabo el 6 de julio de 2015 en Ignacio de la Llave.
Durante su participación en el evento, el gobernador celebró esta nueva oportunidad que se le brinda a las familias que habitarán una de estas 150 viviendas entregadas y celebró la visita del Director General del FONHAPO y el Subsecretario del SEDATU quienes han trabajado para brindar esta posibilidad a los veracruzanos.
Comentó que “...hacemos realidad el anhelo que por muchos años tuvieron estas familias y que hoy finalmente ven concretado” por lo cual felicitó a quienes trabajaron en el desarrollo de esta iniciativa.
Ratificó su compromiso de trabajar a favor de los que menos tienen dentro del programa de la Cruzada Nacional Contra el Hambre y alinear propósitos para llevar a Veracruz a la prosperidad.
95% of managers who completed a 3-month management training course showed improved performance according to themselves and their supervisors, with 62% rating themselves as much or very much improved and 64% of supervisors agreeing. Follow-up surveys found that 90% of managers receiving coaching found it significantly improved their skills and confidence, and 100% said it increased various aspects of their staff's performance. Management training, coaching and consulting helped reduce staff turnover at one agency by 7% per year, saving $5.4 million over 12 years. These evidence-based management techniques, such as increasing group supervision and training, led staff to feel more recognized and collaborative.
This candidate has over 5 years of experience as a medical technologist, including recent experience supervising an emergency room laboratory and achieving COLA accreditation. She has a bachelor's degree in biology and medical laboratory science, as well as MLS certification. Her skills include performing complex laboratory tests, maintaining quality standards, training other staff, and managing customer service. She is proficient in laboratory information systems and recognized for her communication, organizational, and multi-tasking abilities.
Jordan Stock is seeking a career that utilizes his experience in sailing instruction and environmental education. He has over 5 years of experience managing sailing programs, including facilitating lessons, coordinating volunteers, and developing STEM curricula. His resume outlines roles as a waterfront manager, head sailing coach, and sailing instructor in Maryland, New Zealand, and Virginia. Stock holds several sailing certifications and has a biology degree from Old Dominion University with a focus on marine biology.
Pergolas, gazebos, statues, and fountains are used to provide shade and beautification in gardens. Main pathways are constructed from materials like stone, wood, or concrete to connect different areas of the garden. Furniture like chairs, tables, and sofas should be placed in shaded areas and be suitable in color and design for the space. Private gardens include children's gardens with play areas, country gardens with fruit trees, and botanical gardens arranged by plant taxonomy for research and education.
Este documento explica la regla de las tres erres (reducir, reutilizar y reciclar) para cuidar el medio ambiente y reducir la basura. Las tres erres ayudan a consumir de manera responsable al tirar menos basura, ahorrar dinero y reducir la huella de carbono. Muchos productos domésticos contienen ingredientes peligrosos que requieren tratamiento especial. Se debe practicar las tres erres para cuidar el medio ambiente y disminuir los daños causados por la irresponsabilidad e inconsciencia humana.
General Air Products, Inc. - Air Compressor Selection and Design for Dry Pipe Fire Sprinkler Systems. This presentation is designed to educate fire sprinkler professionals, especially designers, engineers and technicians on the fundamentals of air compressor design, function and proper sizing and selection. For questions on this presentation please contact us at 800-345-8207 or visit our web site www.generalairproducts.com
1. The document discusses industrial fans and draft systems for combustion. It describes natural draft produced by chimneys and mechanical draft produced using fans.
2. The main types of mechanical draft systems are induced draft, forced draft, and balanced draft. Induced draft uses a fan to draw exhaust gases into the chimney. Forced draft uses a fan to push air into the furnace.
3. The document provides details on fan construction, types of fans including axial and centrifugal, installation procedures, and maintenance best practices like lubrication and vibration checking.
An overview of diagnostic tools used in RESNET testingBill Spohn
Learn about the variety of tools and test instruments that apply in RESNET standards 310 (pending) and 380. We'll cover the proper procedures as well as pros and cons of various devices.
Axair Fans UK Limited has developed a series of CIBSE accredited courses including A guide to fume extraction systems and components. The CPD topics cover fan selection, specification standards, methods of control and fan installation. Contact us for more information or to book an exclusive webinar
In the first half of this year I was asked to investigate the potential passive air flow on two odour skid's. It was thought that the current media in the tank's could be changed out with more economical product. Before this could be determined the passive flows needed to be checked before and after the extraction fan.
The document provides an overview of compressors and compressed air systems. It discusses the different types of compressors, including reciprocating, rotary, screw, and centrifugal compressors. Reciprocating compressors use pistons to compress air in single or multiple stages. They are suitable for applications requiring low flow rates and high pressure. The document also discusses compressed air ratings like SCFM and ACFM, and how to properly size compressed air systems based on conditions like pressure, temperature, and humidity.
This document discusses HVAC air duct leakage. It begins by defining different types of leakage, including duct leakage, equipment leakage, and system leakage. It explains that duct leakage testing alone does not determine overall system leakage. The document discusses recommendations from codes and standards to test 25% of high-pressure duct. It also addresses questions around how much ductwork should be tested, including low-pressure duct, and why percentage of fan flow is not a suitable metric. The document notes misconceptions around duct leakage testing and provides guidance on good practices for specifications and testing. New tools like SMACNA's duct leakage calculator app are introduced.
Safety Instrumentation and Emergency Shutdown Presentation Template Modules 3...IbrahimAbdelhalim1
This document provides an overview of pneumatic systems and relay systems for automation. It discusses what pneumatics is, common applications of pneumatic systems, and their advantages and disadvantages compared to electrical systems. It also discusses the basic components and design of pneumatic systems. The document then covers relay systems, including their advantages like simplicity and intrinsic safety. However, relay systems can be complex for larger applications and do not allow for serial communications or testing without additional components. Solid-state systems were developed to replace relays and overcome some of these disadvantages.
Unidades de Mantenimiento Ingersoll Rand-ARO Flo SeriesAlmacenes JJ S.A.
This document provides information about Ingersoll Rand ARO's new ARO-Flo Series of filters, regulators, and lubricators (FRLs). It summarizes that the ARO-Flo Series sets new standards for safety, performance, and modularity in FRL design. Flow tests showed the 1/4" ARO-Flo regulator had 38% better flow than competitors. The document also provides details on the features and specifications of the different ARO-Flo Series sizes and accessories.
The document describes Flotronic's "One-Nut" air-operated double diaphragm pumps. It highlights the pumps' innovative design which allows for diaphragm replacement in under 15 minutes without disconnecting piping. This significantly reduces maintenance costs compared to traditional pumps. The document provides information on pump performance, materials options, flow rate curves and other specifications to help customers select the appropriate pump for their application.
One slider for qualification and validation of depyrogenation and sterilizati...Palash Das
This document provides a qualification and validation matrix for a sterilization tunnel. It outlines various tests to verify performance, including air velocity, filter leakage, differential pressure, airflow visualization, conveyor speed, non-viable particle count, heat distribution, and endotoxin challenge studies. For each test, it describes the purpose, acceptance criteria, test frequency, and methodology. The goal is to ensure the sterilization tunnel achieves proper depyrogenation and sterilization through regular performance testing.
This document provides installation, operation, and maintenance instructions for barometric condensers. It describes the two main types of condensers and their basic parts. Installation guidelines include inspecting for damage, providing sufficient clearance and supports, and properly orienting piping. Operation involves starting condensing fluid flow before other equipment, regulating flow, and properly shutting down. Troubleshooting focuses on condensing fluid, spray devices, the tailpipe, and vapor inlet. Maintenance is recommended annually and includes inspecting and cleaning strainers and spray devices. Contact information is provided for ordering spare parts.
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Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
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1. Page 1 of 5
If you need additional assistance, please contact our local Cincinnati Fan sales engineer
for your area.
To locate the Cincinnati Fan sales engineer for your area, go to:
Individual product catalogs and our Engineering Data catalog can found at:
www.cincinnatifan.com/rep-lookup.htm
www.cincinnatifan.com/product-catalogs.htm
INSTRUCTIONS FOR HOW TO PROPERLY
SELECT A FAN OR BLOWER
The instructions that follow are to assist you in completing the information required when
making a fan or blower selection.
Thank you for choosing Cincinnati Fan
2. Steps
1. Choose fan type
___ Centrifugal blower
___ Axial flow fan
2. Total airflow
____________ ACFM
3. Static Pressure
________ in. SPWG
4. Density
_________ @ Standard
Conditions
5. Air Temperature
_______° F to ______° F
6. Altitude
_________ Feet above
sea level
Steps 5 and 6 below. If the fan or blower will be handling a gas or vapor with a density that is
less or greater than standard air, contact our sales office for your area for fan sizing assistance.
If the air temperature will vary, what are the minimum and maximum temperatures in degrees F?
The altitude the fan or blower will be operating at will also affect the performance of the fan or blower. The
altitude should be given in feet above sea level.
Continue onto next page for Steps 7, 8 and 9 regarding Fan or Blower Construction.
Standard air is based on a temperature of 70° F., 29.92" barometric pressure and .075 pounds per cubic foot.
Density changes resulting from temperature and/or barometric pressure variations, such as higher altitudes,
must be corrected to standard conditions before selecting a fan or blower based on standard performance
data. If your density is in kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³), make the following correction:
1 kg/m³ = .0624 lb/ft³ For Altitude and Temperature Correction Factors, see STEP 4 on page 5.
NOTE: If you make the correction for density, you do not need to show the temperature and altitude in
NOTE: If the static pressure on the inlet side of a blower will exceed 15" SPWG, a correction for suction
pressure (called Rarefication) should be made.
See Static Pressure Corrections For Suction Pressure in STEP 3 on page 4.
Density, Altitude and Temperature Corrections
Please contact our sales office for your area if you are not comfortable with making the corrections in the
following steps. They will be more than happy to assist you. http://www.cincinnatifan.com/rep-lookup.htm
A centrifugal blower wheel draws air into the inlet of the blower housing, through the wheel, and discharges
it at 90° out through the discharge of the blower housing. An axial fan uses a propeller to draw the air into
the fan and discharges the air in the same axial direction. A centrifugal blower housing has a "scroll"
whereas a axial fan is an "in-line duct type" fan or a "wall" fan. Do not use an axial flow fan to convey
ductwork on the inlet and outlet of the fan or blower plus the pressure drop through any filters, control
dampers, louvers and other system components that restrict airflow. 1 Pa = .004 inches SPWG
If you will be conveying material, make sure you have enough CFM for the duct, pipe or hose size so the
material will maintain the required velocity to carry it completely through the system and not settle in the
duct, pipe or hose. See STEP 2 on page 4.
Static Pressure is the resistance to airflow (friction) caused by the air moving through a pipe, duct, hose,
material. There is a variation of axial flow duct fan that uses a blower wheel instead of a propeller. It is
referred to as a Tubular Centrifugal. We do not make any tubular centrifugal fans at Cincinnati Fan.
Airflow is rated in cubic feet of air per minute (CFM) or in metric equivalent, it is rated in cubic meters per
hour (M³/Hr). To convert M³ /Hr to CFM multiply your M³ /Hr x .58858
How To Properly Select a Fan or Blower
Explanation
or in metric equivalent, it is rated in Pascal's (Pa). This should include the pressure drop through all of the
Page 2 of 5
The temperature of the air going through the fan or blower will affect the performance of the fan or blower.
Temperature should be shown in degrees Fahrenheit (F). Make the following correction for degrees
Centigrade (C). °F = 1.8 x °C + 32
_________° F.
filter, hood slots, air control dampers or louvers. Static pressure is rated in inches of water gauge (SPWG)
3. 7. Material Handling
□YES □NO
□YES □NO
□G □P
□YES □NO
□YES □NO
□YES □NO
_________ lbs./cu ft.
_________ lbs./hr.
8. Ambient Temperature
_______° F to ______° F
9. Safety Conditions
□YES □NO
□YES □NO
Class: ____________
Groups: ____________
AMCA Type: _______
(A Shrouded or Non-Shrouded Radial wheel can be used)
If dirty, is material long and stringy like paper trim or fibers?
Model PBS Fabricated Steel Blowers at: www.cincinnatifan.com/centrifugal-pbs.htm
Model SPB Die Formed Steel Blowers at: www.cincinnatifan.com/centrifugal-spb.htm
If the outside air temperature will vary, what are the minimum and maximum temperatures in degrees F?
Is there anything going through the fan or blower or outside the fan or blower that is explosive and/or
flammable?
Will the airstream of the fan or blower be explosive or flammable?
require? (AMCA Type A, B or C?)
Page 3 of 5
Dirty air? (Only a fan or blower with a Radial type wheel should be used)
Model RBE Radial Blade Exhauster at: www.cincinnatifan.com/centrifugal-rbe.htm
_________° F.
If conveying material, what is the weight of the material in pounds per cubic foot ?
If conveying material, how many pounds will you be conveying in pounds per hour ?
The ambient temperature is the temperature of the air outside the fan or blower. This can affect the
operation of the motor and the fan bearings and/or belts for any belt driven fans or blowers.
Model PB Cast Aluminum Blowers at: www.cincinnatifan.com/centrifugal-pb.htm
(Use only a Non-Shrouded Radial wheel)
If dirty, is material granular (G) or powdery (P)?
Will the area outside the fan or blower be explosive or flammable?
If you checked YES for either of the above, what Class and Groups of Explosion Proof (EXP) motor will
you require?
If you checked YES for either of the above, what AMCA Type spark resistant construction will you
Special Conditions That May Affect A Fan Or Blower Construction
Will you be conveying any material through the fan or blower or will it be clean air?
For any material, will the material be wet or moist?
For any material, will the material be dry?
If dirty air, the four models below come with radial type wheels:
Clean air? (If YES, move on to Step 8 below).
it's power source. Read all operating instructions prior to installing, inspecting,
moving, performing maintenance or operating any fan or blower equipment.
WARNING
All fans and blowers have rotating parts and pinch points. Severe personal
injury can result if operated without OSHA required guards. Stay away from
rotating equipment unless it is disconnected or properly locked out from
4. Other Static Pressure Estimating Factors:
Suction Corrected Suction Corrected Suction Corrected Suction Corrected
Pressure Static Pressure Static Pressure Static Pressure Static
in Inches W.G. Pressure in Inches W.G. Pressure in Inches W.G. Pressure in Inches W.G. Pressure
16 16.6 33 35.9 50 57.0 67 79.7
17 17.7 34 37.1 51 57.9 68 82.3
18 18.8 35 38.5 52 60.0 69 83.5
19 20.1 36 39.5 53 61.2 70 84.7
20 21.1 37 40.8 54 62.3 71 85.9
21 22.2 38 41.9 55 63.5 72 87.1
22 23.3 39 43.0 56 64.6 73 88.3
23 24.3 40 44.4 57 65.8 74 91.0
24 25.5 41 45.9 58 68.0 75 92.3
25 26.8 42 46.8 59 69.1 76 93.5
26 27.8 43 48.1 60 70.3 77 94.7
27 28.9 44 49.3 61 71.5 78 95.9
28 30.1 45 50.3 62 72.7 79 98.8
29 31.6 46 51.9 63 75.0 80 100.0
30 32.4 47 53.4 64 76.2 81 101.2
31 33.7 48 54.4 65 77.4 82 102.6
32 34.7 49 55.7 66 78.5 83 104.3
Page 4 of 5
STEP 2 . Total Airflow (CFM): STEP 3 . Static Pressure (SP):
Selecting the proper airflow (CFM) for your system can be very The Total Static Pressure for your system must include the static
and even an explosion. If you will be conveying material such as ducting, piping, hose, filters, hood slots, airflow control dampers and
wood chips, too low a CFM will allow the chips to settle somewhere louvers. To select the correct static pressure through smooth wall
critical. If you will be exhausting contaminated air such as engine pressure of the total airflow (CFM) moving through the entire system.
exhaust fumes, not having enough CFM can lead to asphyxiation This should include the static pressure of the CFM going through
CFM can cause a blow out in the system. The correct CFM must It will show you the friction loss per 100 feet of duct or pipe for the
take the material conveying velocity into consideration for the total CFM for your system. Now, add the additional static pressure
in the system thus clogging the duct, pipe or hose. That leads to pipe or duct you will need to refer to pages 11 and 12 in the:
down time to disassemble the ducting to clean it out. Too much Cincinnati Fan Engineering Data catalog.
typically listed in fan manufacturers catalogs. easier to blow air than it is to suck air. This is called Rarefication .
If you have more than 15" SP on the blower inlet, you need to correct f
ACFM stands for Actual Cubic Feet per Minute. It is the mass flow
SCFM and ACFM (SCFM and ACFM are not interchangeable)
SCFM stands for Standard Cubic Feet per Minute. It is the total When a large amount of static pressure is on the inlet of a blower, it
CFM at standard density conditions. These are the CFM values requires additional suction to move the air. That is because it is
CFM required by any regulating authorities for the application. This
sometimes only requires you to meet the minimum CFM as
ACFM value should be used when selecting a fan or blower.
The total airflow (SCFM) should also meet or exceed the minimum 1. For flexible hose, use 2-3 times the pressure drop for smooth wall
rate divided by the density of the air or gas being moved. Since
fans and blowers handle the same volume of air at any density, the
2. Each 90° elbow is equal to 10 feet of straight duct or pipe.
Example:
125 feet of straight pipe + 2: 90° elbows = 145 feet of straight pipe
The Cincinnati Fan Engineering Data catalog will also provide you
with very helpful recommendations for material conveying, air
recommended by a "standards" organization.
If you are not sure how much CFM will be required for your specific
STATIC PRESSURE CORRECTIONS FOR SUCTION PRESSURE
changes required for good ventilation, velocities for exhaust hoods,
and guidelines for good duct installations.
application, do not hesitate to contact our Cincinnati Fan sales
engineer for your area. They will be very happy to assist you in
making the correct sizing recommendation for your system. You
3. With 0" of suction pressure on the blower inlet and 12" of discharge pressure on the blower discharge, yourtotal static pressure = 12" Total SPWG. There is
no correction required for discharge pressure.
Based on standard air at 70° F, 29.92" Hg Barometric Pressure, .075 lbs. Per cubic feet density.
NOTE:
1. With 45" of suction pressure on the blower inlet and no discharge pressure on the blower discharge, yourtotal static pressure = 50.3" Total SPWG.
2. With 45" of suction pressure on the blower inlet and 12" of discharge pressure on the discharge, yourtotal static pressure = 50.3"+12" = 62.3" Total SPWG.
material you are wanting to move to another location.
www.cincinnatifan.com/rep-lookup.htm
Static Pressure Correction For Suction Pressure:
loss for any dampers, filters, etc. for the Total Static Pressure.
for suction pressure per the chart below. If you also have to make
corrections for altitude and/or temperature, make them first and then
correct for Rarefication.
duct or pipe.
can locate our local sales office for your area by going to:
5. bearing grease may be required. Consult our Cincinnati Fan sales
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500 8000 8500 9000 10000 11000 12000
-50° .77 .79 .80 .81 .83 .85 .86 .88 .89 .91 .92 .94 .96 .98 1.00 1.02 1.04 1.06 1.08 1.12 1.16 1.21
-25° .82 .84 .85 .87 .89 .91 .92 .94 .95 .97 .98 1.01 1.03 1.05 1.07 1.09 1.11 1.13 1.15 1.20 1.24 1.29
0° .87 .89 .91 .92 .94 .96 .98 .99 1.01 1.03 1.05 1.06 1.09 1.10 1.13 1.15 1.17 1.19 1.22 1.26 1.31 1.37
40° .94 .96 .98 1.00 1.02 1.04 1.06 1.08 1.10 1.12 1.14 1.16 1.19 1.21 1.23 1.26 1.28 1.30 1.32 1.36 1.41 1.47
70° 1.00 1.02 1.04 1.06 1.08 1.10 1.12 1.14 1.16 1.18 1.20 1.22 1.25 1.27 1.30 1.32 1.35 1.37 1.40 1.45 1.51 1.57
80° 1.02 1.04 1.06 1.08 1.10 1.12 1.14 1.16 1.19 1.21 1.23 1.26 1.28 1.30 1.33 1.36 1.38 1.41 1.43 1.48 1.56 1.61
100° 1.06 1.08 1.10 1.12 1.14 1.16 1.19 1.21 1.23 1.25 1.28 1.30 1.33 1.35 1.38 1.41 1.43 1.46 1.48 1.54 1.60 1.66
120° 1.09 1.12 1.14 1.16 1.18 1.20 1.23 1.25 1.28 1.30 1.32 1.35 1.38 1.40 1.43 1.46 1.48 1.51 1.53 1.58 1.66 1.72
140° 1.13 1.15 1.18 1.20 1.22 1.25 1.27 1.29 1.32 1.34 1.37 1.40 1.42 1.45 1.48 1.51 1.54 1.57 1.58 1.65 1.72 1.78
160° 1.17 1.19 1.22 1.24 1.26 1.29 1.31 1.34 1.36 1.39 1.42 1.44 1.47 1.50 1.53 1.56 1.59 1.62 1.64 1.70 1.78 1.84
180° 1.21 1.23 1.26 1.28 1.30 1.33 1.36 1.38 1.41 1.43 1.46 1.49 1.52 1.55 1.58 1.61 1.64 1.67 1.70 1.75 1.84 1.90
200° 1.25 1.27 1.29 1.32 1.34 1.37 1.40 1.42 1.45 1.48 1.51 1.54 1.57 1.60 1.63 1.66 1.69 1.72 1.75 1.81 1.89 1.96
250° 1.34 1.36 1.39 1.42 1.45 1.47 1.50 1.53 1.56 1.59 1.62 1.65 1.68 1.71 1.74 1.78 1.82 1.85 1.88 1.94 2.02 2.10
300° 1.43 1.46 1.49 1.52 1.55 1.58 1.61 1.64 1.67 1.70 1.74 1.77 1.80 1.84 1.87 1.91 1.94 1.98 2.00 2.08 2.16 2.25
350° 1.53 1.56 1.59 1.62 1.65 1.68 1.72 1.75 1.78 1.81 1.85 1.88 1.92 1.96 2.00 2.04 2.07 2.11 2.14 2.22 2.31 2.40
400° 1.62 1.65 1.69 1.72 1.75 1.79 1.82 1.85 1.89 1.93 1.96 2.00 2.04 2.08 2.12 2.16 2.20 2.25 2.27 2.35 2.47 2.55
450° 1.72 1.75 1.79 1.82 1.86 1.89 1.93 1.96 2.00 2.04 2.08 2.12 2.16 2.20 2.24 2.29 2.33 2.38 2.41 2.50 2.61 2.70
500° 1.81 1.85 1.88 1.92 1.96 1.99 2.03 2.07 2.11 2.15 2.19 2.23 2.28 2.32 2.36 2.41 2.46 2.51 2.54 2.62 2.75 2.85
550° 1.91 1.94 1.98 2.02 2.06 2.10 2.14 2.18 2.22 2.26 2.30 2.35 2.40 2.44 2.49 2.54 2.58 2.63 2.68 2.77 2.90 3.00
600° 2.00 2.04 2.08 2.12 2.16 2.20 2.24 2.29 2.33 2.38 2.42 2.47 2.50 2.56 2.61 2.66 2.71 2.77 2.80 2.90 3.04 3.14
650° 2.10 2.14 2.18 2.22 2.26 2.31 2.35 2.40 2.44 2.49 2.54 2.58 2.63 2.68 2.74 2.79 2.84 2.90 2.94 3.04 3.19 3.30
700° 2.19 2.23 2.27 2.32 2.36 2.41 2.46 2.50 2.55 2.60 2.65 2.70 2.75 2.80 2.86 2.91 2.97 3.03 3.06 3.18 3.33 3.44
750° 2.28 2.33 2.37 2.42 2.47 2.51 2.56 2.61 2.66 2.71 2.76 2.81 2.87 2.92 2.98 3.04 3.10 3.16 3.19 3.31 3.47 3.59
800° 2.38 2.43 2.48 2.53 2.57 2.62 2.67 2.72 2.76 2.81 2.86 2.92 2.98 3.04 3.10 3.16 3.22 3.28 3.33 3.45 3.60 3.74
STEP 4 . Corrections For Altitude and Temperature:
Fan performance tables are developed using standard air which is
70° F., 29.92" barometric pressure (at sea level) and .075 lbs. per
Safe Operating Speeds:
When a blower or fan will be moving air at temperatures substantially
above 70° F, the safe operating speed of the blower wheel or fan pro-
Page 5 of 5
factors are used in making the corrections to standard conditions.
cubic foot. Density changes resulting from temperature and/or baro-
metric pressure variations (at higher altitudes) must be corrected to
standard conditions before selecting a fan or blower based on stan-
dard performance data. Temperature and/or altitude conversion
STEP 1. From the table below, the conversion factor for 250° and
6500 ft. altitude is 1.71.
For this example, we will be selecting a Model PB, cast aluminum
STEP 4. We need to correct the BHP for the lighter air:
4.99 ÷ 1.71 = 2.92 BHP at 250° and 6500 ft..
pressure blower. You need to select a blower to deliver 1500 CFM
at 7" SP at 250° F. and at 6500 feet altitude.
STEP 2. The correct static pressure is: 1.71 x 7" SP = 11.97" SP at
standard conditions. Round off to 12" SP.
special low temperature or high temperature grease.
TEMPERATURE & ALTITUDE CONVERSION FACTORS
Air Temp. Altitude In Feet Above Sea Level
STEP 3. Check the Model PB blower catalog for 1500 CFM at
12" SP. We select a direct driven model PB-15A with an
A 3 HP motor will suffice at 250° and 6500 ft., but not at
standard conditions. Special motor insulation may be
8" inlet and a 16½" x 4⅜" BC wheel. The BHP at stan-
dard conditions is 4.99.
Deg. F.
Example:
in a non-warranty motor failure.
both 70° F. and at 250° F. to determine the minimum HP motor you
will need at 70° F. Failure to complete both calculations could result
required above 3500 feet altitude.
NOTE: If you will be starting the blower at standard room temper-
ature, you need to run the calculations for 6500 feet altitude but at
correctly for your specific application.
NOTE: Temperatures below 15° F or above 250° F may require
located in the air stream have lower temperature limitations. Fans or
blowers with bearings outside the air stream have higher temperature
limitations. Tube axial fans can handle higher temperatures when
there is a bearing-belt tube installed in the air stream to isolate and
3300 feet altitude. As operating temperatures and/or altitudes are
increased, special winding insulation and/or special high temperature
a pillow block design on belt driven fans or located within the motor
on direct driven fans. Temperatures above the fans maximum oper-
ating range can break down the lubricant in the bearings and cause
bearing failure. The location of the bearings on a fan or blower must
be considered when moving high temperature air. Fans with bearings
Standard motors are typically rated up to 40° C (104° F) and up to
mum for that blower or fan construction.
The weakest part of a fan or blower is the bearing system, whether in
Bearings:
peller must be taken into consideration. Most metals become
characteristically weaker at higher temperatures. There are maximum
operating temperatures listed in suppliers catalogs for various blowers
and fan types. The wheel or propeller speeds shown are the maxi-
engineer for your area to ensure the motor you specify will operate
protect the bearings. With the addition of a shaft cooler wheel (heat
slinger), a blowers maximum temperature limit can be extended. The
heat slinger absorbs heat from the blower shaft while circulating air
over the inboard bearing to keep it cool.
Motors: