This document provides guidelines for writing Chapter 5 (Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations) of a thesis or dissertation. It discusses summarizing the key elements of the research study, stating the findings based on data analysis, drawing conclusions, and providing recommendations for future work. The summary should concisely outline the objectives, methodology, findings, and conclusions, while recommendations suggest actions to address the research problem. The document also provides guidance on writing each of these sections to clearly communicate the results and implications of the study.

1. HOW TO WRITE
CHAPTER 5
(Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations)

2. T h e wh o l e
r e s e a r c h s t u d y i s
s u mma r i z e d – t h e
s y n o p s i s o f t h e
r e s e a r c h
o b j e c t i v e s , h y p o t h
e s i s , r e s e a r c h
me t h o d o l o g y , s a mp l
i n g
d e s i g n s , c o n s i d e r a
t i o n i n

3. Th i s p a r t o f t h e
s t u d y s t a t e s i n
c o n c i s e f o r m t h e
f i n d i n g s b a s e d o n
t h e a n a l y s i s a n d
i n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f
t h e d a t a g a t h e r e d
o u t o f t h e r e s e a r c h
i n s t r u me n t s u s e d
a n d p r e s e n t e d
a c c o r d i n g t o
s p e c i f i c p r o b l e m i n

4. GUIDELINES IN WRITING THE SUMMARY OF
FINDINGS
1. A brief statement about the main
purpose of the study be stated.
2. The findings may be lumped up all
together but clarify demands
specific questions under the
statement of problem must be
written first to be followed by the
findings that would answer it. The
specific questions should follow the

5. 3. Every statment of fact
should consist of words,
numbers or statistical
measures woven into a
meaningful statement. No
deductions on the
interpretation be made.
4. The findings should be

6. CONSLUSIONS
The final part of the
study are joined together
harmoniously with the
findings. The results should
be arranged in a logical
order based on the
statement of the problem.
The hypothesis which is the

7. GUIDELINES IN WRITING THE CONCLUSION
1. Conclusions should not
contain numerals.
2. Conclusions should
appropriately answer the
specific questions raised at
the beggining of the
investigation.

8. 4. Conclusions should be explicit
and definite, leaving merely
implied giving the researcher a
bit of doubt. The use of
qualifiers such
as, probably, perhaps, maybe
should be avoided.
5. Conclusions should not be
repetitions of any statements
anywhere in the research, thesis
or dissertation. In any

9. SOME SUGGESTIONS CAN PROVIDE HELPFUL TIPS
TO THE RESEARCHERS IN DRAWING CONCLUSIONS
1. Know the area / locale in
which the research has been
conducted.
2. What is in the research
literature?
3. Focus on the meaning /
essence of the results.
4. If theory is involved, either

10. 5. If possible, suggest
future investigation that
might lead to address
unsolved problems and
provide an extension of
knowledge.

11. RECOMMENDATIONS
Recommendations are
based on the conclusions of
the study. Give a detailed
description of the suggestion
for future action based on the
significance of the findings. It
includes implications for future
use of findings and
recommendation for future

12. GUIDELINES IN WRITING THE
RECOMMENDATION
1. It should have the aim and
effort to solve problems in
the study
2. It should ensure a
continuous benefit being
accorded to the universe –
mankind involved.

13. BIBLIOGRAPHY
The bibliography is the last
part of any research work where
the list of readings on a
particular subject that are used
or consulted in the preparation
of the thesis / dissertation or
that are referred to in the text
are alphabetically arranged. The
bibliography as a part of the

14. APPENDICES
The page for appendices is
placed after the bibliography.
These are the supplementary
materials used in the
preparation of the thesis /
dissertation, these include
questionnaire, letter to
authority to conduct the study

15. CURRICULUM VITAE
This is the last part of a
thesis / dissertation. The
information should include
I –the:
PersonalII – III – Civil
Name Educational Service /
Address Attainment Government
Date of BirthElementary Examination
IV – Work
Place of Secondary Passed
Experience
Birth Undergradua Teaching
Civil Status te Administrative

16. V – Scholarships / Grants
VI – Productive Scholarship
Received
and Creative Works
Publications
Books
Articles
Invention
Researches Conducted
Honors / Award Received
Institutional
Local / Regional / National
/ International
Professional Standing and

17. Membership in Professional
Organization
Officer
Member
Seminars / Training Programs /
Conferences / Workshops
Attended
Institutional
Local / Regional / National /
International
Education Travel
Sponsoring agency /
institution

18. GUIDELINES IN EVALUATING A THESIS OR
DISSERTATION
Being able to write a critical
analysis of a thesis or
dissertation is a valuable
experience for a graduate
research student.
The following are guidelines in
evaluating a thesis or
dissertation:

19. The Problem and Hypothesis
The problem should be clearly
stated and delimited.
The significance of the problem
should be established and should
recognize the intended
beneficiaries.
The relevance, strength and
utilization of concepts and theories
to the research work should be
clearly stated.
The hypothesis should be clearly
stated and should be testable.

20. Review of Related Literature
and Studies
It should be well – organized, both
foreign and local.
It should adequately cover
important findings.
The relevance and the justification
of the reviewed literature to the
present study – local and foreign
should provide a balanced
presentation conducted in various
readings.

21. Methodology
The research design should be
described in detail.
The research design should be
adequate.
The justification of the research
method used should be stated.
The relevant variables should be
recognized.
The data – gathering instruments

22. A brief description of the
place where the subjects
were obtained should be
described.
The samples and sampling
technique used, sampling
size, and how it is

23. Results
It should be presented according to the
objectives of the study; preferably topical
presentation.
Statistical treatment of should be
appropriate.
Use of tables and figures should be
appropriate.
Plain reading and explanation of
tables, figures, and graphs should be
supplied.
The analysis of data relationships should be

24. Summary
The synopsis of the research
objectives, hypothesis, research
methodology and findings should be
stated clearly.
Conclusions
Brief statements about the
generalizations should be inferred from
the results / findings.
Reccomendations
State the detailed description of the
suggestions for future action based on

25. Bibliography / References
Include the list of readings /
works by a particular author.
Include the list of source
materials that are used /
consulted in the preparation
of the thesis or dissertation.
This will include

26. Appendices
The list of supplementary
materials that were used in the
thesis or dissertation should be
presented. These materials
include questionnaire, letter
requesting permission and its
approval from authority to
conduct the study, distribute