This document discusses how to set temperatures in injection molding. It explains that temperature affects the plasticizing effect, flow rate, crystallization rate, and cooling rate of the material. It then discusses how the barrel and nozzle are heated using resistance coils and thermocouples for temperature detection. It describes how the barrel is divided into sections for temperature control - the conveying, plasticizing, and metering sections as well as the nozzle. Recommended temperature ranges are provided for different materials like PP, POM, PC, PA6, PA66, ABS, and PS. Finally, it lists precautions for temperature control like residence time, screw position, gradual temperature changes, and accounting for frictional heat generation.
Influence of injection molding process on product quality -dgmf mold clamps c...JasmineHL
During the molding process of converting plastic particles into plastic products, plastics are often subjected to high temperature and high pressure and flow molding at high shear rates. Different molding conditions and processes will have different effects on product quality. Plastic injection molding has plastics. Raw materials, injection molding machines, molds and injection molding processes are composed of four aspects.
Leakage cause and treatment method of the hydraulic system of the injection m...JasmineHL
Leakage is a common failure phenomenon of injection molding machines, which is mainly caused by the pressure difference when the liquid flows in the hydraulic components and pipelines, and the gaps between the components. In addition, the harsh working conditions will also have an impact on the sealing of the injection molding machine.
18 Basic Injection Molding Technologies
Below are the 18 basic injection molding technologies that injection molding technicians must know.
01. Nozzle in the injection molding technologies
The melt usually flows from the nozzle into the nozzle, but in some injection molds, the nozzle is part of the mold because it extends to the bottom of the mold. There are also two main types of nozzles: open nozzles and closed nozzles. In injection molding, open nozzles should be used more because they are cheaper and less likely to stay.
If the injection molding machine is equipped with a pressure-removing device, this nozzle can be used even for low-viscosity melts. Sometimes a closed nozzle must be used. This nozzle acts as a stop valve to block the plastic in the injection cylinder.
Make sure that the nozzle is correctly connected to the nozzle bushing, and the top hole is slightly smaller than the nozzle sprue bushing, which makes the nozzle easier to withdraw from the injection mold. The hole of the nozzle sleeve is 1mm larger than the nozzle, that is, the radius of the nozzle is 0.5mm smaller than the radius of the nozzle sleeve.
36 common plastic raw materials molding temperature that you must know 1. Select appropriate sprue and gate according to fluidity. 2. Select appropriate fusion state for gate location. 3. Due to high pressure forming, retraction inclination must be above 2°. 4. Shrinkage in plastic injection molding must be around 0.5%. 5. Commonly used for gold-plated products, following matters are as follows:
Gas mark is a quality defect that is easy to produce and difficult to eliminate. Gas mark not only affects appearance of product, but also affects strength of product. Relevant domestic technical data does not involve much of mechanism of generating gas mark. When operator encounters specific problems, he cannot quickly find cause of problem. He do not know what process measures to take, problem cannot be solved in time, resulting in a large amount of waste of resources which will cause huge losses to enterprise.
1. Causes of dents
1.1 The thickness of each part of the product is different
1.2 Insufficient pressure inside the mold
1.3 Insufficient mold cooling
1.4 Deformation due to the insufficient cooling time
Influence of injection molding process on product quality -dgmf mold clamps c...JasmineHL
During the molding process of converting plastic particles into plastic products, plastics are often subjected to high temperature and high pressure and flow molding at high shear rates. Different molding conditions and processes will have different effects on product quality. Plastic injection molding has plastics. Raw materials, injection molding machines, molds and injection molding processes are composed of four aspects.
Leakage cause and treatment method of the hydraulic system of the injection m...JasmineHL
Leakage is a common failure phenomenon of injection molding machines, which is mainly caused by the pressure difference when the liquid flows in the hydraulic components and pipelines, and the gaps between the components. In addition, the harsh working conditions will also have an impact on the sealing of the injection molding machine.
18 Basic Injection Molding Technologies
Below are the 18 basic injection molding technologies that injection molding technicians must know.
01. Nozzle in the injection molding technologies
The melt usually flows from the nozzle into the nozzle, but in some injection molds, the nozzle is part of the mold because it extends to the bottom of the mold. There are also two main types of nozzles: open nozzles and closed nozzles. In injection molding, open nozzles should be used more because they are cheaper and less likely to stay.
If the injection molding machine is equipped with a pressure-removing device, this nozzle can be used even for low-viscosity melts. Sometimes a closed nozzle must be used. This nozzle acts as a stop valve to block the plastic in the injection cylinder.
Make sure that the nozzle is correctly connected to the nozzle bushing, and the top hole is slightly smaller than the nozzle sprue bushing, which makes the nozzle easier to withdraw from the injection mold. The hole of the nozzle sleeve is 1mm larger than the nozzle, that is, the radius of the nozzle is 0.5mm smaller than the radius of the nozzle sleeve.
36 common plastic raw materials molding temperature that you must know 1. Select appropriate sprue and gate according to fluidity. 2. Select appropriate fusion state for gate location. 3. Due to high pressure forming, retraction inclination must be above 2°. 4. Shrinkage in plastic injection molding must be around 0.5%. 5. Commonly used for gold-plated products, following matters are as follows:
Gas mark is a quality defect that is easy to produce and difficult to eliminate. Gas mark not only affects appearance of product, but also affects strength of product. Relevant domestic technical data does not involve much of mechanism of generating gas mark. When operator encounters specific problems, he cannot quickly find cause of problem. He do not know what process measures to take, problem cannot be solved in time, resulting in a large amount of waste of resources which will cause huge losses to enterprise.
1. Causes of dents
1.1 The thickness of each part of the product is different
1.2 Insufficient pressure inside the mold
1.3 Insufficient mold cooling
1.4 Deformation due to the insufficient cooling time
Solutions to silver defects in injection molded parts -dgmf mold clamps co., ltdJasmineHL
Silver pattern: The needle-like silvery-white frost-like fine lines on the surface of the injection molded part. The direction of the opening is along the direction of the flow. Where the plastic part is not completely filled, the front end of the fluid is rough Silk pattern).
Cracking, including filamentary cracks, microcracks, whitening, cracking on the surface of the workpiece, or trauma crisis caused by the die sticking of the part and the sticking die of the flow channel. According to the cracking time, the mold is cracked and applied.
What is the 4 process of plastic injection molding?JasmineHL
The plastic injection molding process mainly includes four stages: filling, holding pressure, cooling, and demolding. These four stages directly determine the molding quality of the product, and these four stages are a complete continuous process.
Secrets of injection molding process adjustmentJasmineHL
The close relationship between injection speed and product quality makes it a key parameter of injection molding. By determining the start, middle, and end of the filling speed segment, And to achieve a smooth transition from one set point to another set point, a stable melt surface speed can be ensured to produce the desired molecule and the smallest internal stress.
R.D. Mould & Industry™ provides wide range of plastic spoon mould for production of plastic spoons for various purposes like: Plastic spoon for Ice-cream, Plastic Forks, Plastic Stirrer, Plastic Birthday Knife, Silver Plated Spoons & much more
Plastic Extrusion, Moulding and Mould Designs (Plasma Films, Acrylic Fabrication, Design, Gas Injection Moulding, Thin Walled Injection Moulding, Injection Moulding, Blow Molding, Extrusion, Transfer Molding, Reinforcements for Thermosets, Welding Plastics, Carving Plastics)
Plastics extrusion is a high-volume manufacturing process in which raw plastic is melted and formed into a continuous profile. Extrusion produces items such as pipe/tubing, weather stripping, fencing, deck railings, window frames, plastic films and sheeting, thermoplastic coatings, and wire insulation.
See more
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Contact us:
Niir Project Consultancy Services
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
Plastics Extrusion, Plastic Extrusion Machines, Plastic Extrusion Process, Extrusion Moulding Process, Plastic Extrusion Plants, Industrial Plastic Extrusion, Plastic Extrusion Line, Plastic Moulding, Plastic Moulding Business, Products For Plastic Injection Moulding, Plastic Moulding Process, Injection Molding Process, Plastic Injection Molding Machines, Plastic Mould Design, Plastics Injection Mould Design, Injection Moulding Design Guide, Product Design for Plastic Moulding, Design for Injection Moulding, Preparation of Plasma Films, Transport Phenomena in Polymer Films, Acrylic Fabrication, Reinforcements for Thermosets, Miscellaneous Thermoplastic Process, Compression and Transfer Molding, Disciplined Process Stategy for Injection Moulding, Injection Molding, Blow Molding, Extrusion, Newly Developed Injection Moulding Technology, Injection Moulding, Plastic Injection Moulding Environment in India, Tiebarless and 2-Platen Injection Moulding Machines, Thin Walled Injection Moulding, Mold Cooling Best Bet for High Profits, Gas Injectionmoulding Technology, Mould Materials and Processing Methods, Laminate Composition, Reinforcements for Filament Winding, Fiberglass Technology, Making Glass Fibers, Glass Composition, Glass Fabric Construction and Weaves, Plastisol Molding, Injection Molding Machines, Injection Unit, Mold Clamping Unit, Functions of Mold Components, Injection Moulding Technique, Economical Production of Parts, Thermosetting Materials and Elastomers, Tiebarless Machine, Two-Shot Moulding Process, Assisted Injection Moulding Process, Hand Injection Moulds, Single Cavity Two Plate Moulds, Multi Cavity Moulds, Three Plate Moulds, Multi Colour Moulds, Making of Glass Fiber, Glass Fiber Manufacture, Glass Fiber Manufacturing Process, Glass Fiber Manufacturing, Making Glass Fibers, Method for Making Fiber Glass, Npcs, Niir, Process Technology Books, Business Consultancy, Business Consultant
Optimisation of ingot geometry, casting technology and chemical composition o...castingsnet
Optimisation of ingot geometry, casting technology and chemical composition of a 20 tons 42CrMo4 ingot to minimise A-segregation and increase material homogeneity
What is mold temperature in injection molding?JasmineHL
The mold temperature in injection molding is probably the most important temperature in terms of quality and this affects quality in many ways. The mold temperature is not the same thing as the cooling water temperature, it is the temperature of the actual mold cavity after it has stabilized.
Five elements of injection molding process parametersJasmineHL
The injection molding process is one of the four major plastic molding processes. The barrels, basins, toys, and other daily products we use in our lives are all formed by the injection molding process. So what are the important factors to pay attention to in the plastic injection molding process?
The completion of the injection molding process generally requires six processes of clamping, filling, holding pressure, cooling, demolding, and opening the mold. In these six processes, we must remember these five elements, namely pressure, speed, position, temperature, and time.
What is the injection molding process theory -dgmf mold clamps co., ltdJasmineHL
The nature of friction between macromolecules when molten plastic flows is called the viscosity of plastics, and the coefficient of this viscosity is called viscosity, so viscosity is a reflection of the fluidity of molten plastics. The larger the viscosity, the stronger the melt viscosity. The worse the fluidity, the more difficult the processing.
Solutions to silver defects in injection molded parts -dgmf mold clamps co., ltdJasmineHL
Silver pattern: The needle-like silvery-white frost-like fine lines on the surface of the injection molded part. The direction of the opening is along the direction of the flow. Where the plastic part is not completely filled, the front end of the fluid is rough Silk pattern).
Cracking, including filamentary cracks, microcracks, whitening, cracking on the surface of the workpiece, or trauma crisis caused by the die sticking of the part and the sticking die of the flow channel. According to the cracking time, the mold is cracked and applied.
What is the 4 process of plastic injection molding?JasmineHL
The plastic injection molding process mainly includes four stages: filling, holding pressure, cooling, and demolding. These four stages directly determine the molding quality of the product, and these four stages are a complete continuous process.
Secrets of injection molding process adjustmentJasmineHL
The close relationship between injection speed and product quality makes it a key parameter of injection molding. By determining the start, middle, and end of the filling speed segment, And to achieve a smooth transition from one set point to another set point, a stable melt surface speed can be ensured to produce the desired molecule and the smallest internal stress.
R.D. Mould & Industry™ provides wide range of plastic spoon mould for production of plastic spoons for various purposes like: Plastic spoon for Ice-cream, Plastic Forks, Plastic Stirrer, Plastic Birthday Knife, Silver Plated Spoons & much more
Plastic Extrusion, Moulding and Mould Designs (Plasma Films, Acrylic Fabrication, Design, Gas Injection Moulding, Thin Walled Injection Moulding, Injection Moulding, Blow Molding, Extrusion, Transfer Molding, Reinforcements for Thermosets, Welding Plastics, Carving Plastics)
Plastics extrusion is a high-volume manufacturing process in which raw plastic is melted and formed into a continuous profile. Extrusion produces items such as pipe/tubing, weather stripping, fencing, deck railings, window frames, plastic films and sheeting, thermoplastic coatings, and wire insulation.
See more
https://goo.gl/IjHE14
https://goo.gl/AefgZo
https://goo.gl/g1bXnK
Contact us:
Niir Project Consultancy Services
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
Plastics Extrusion, Plastic Extrusion Machines, Plastic Extrusion Process, Extrusion Moulding Process, Plastic Extrusion Plants, Industrial Plastic Extrusion, Plastic Extrusion Line, Plastic Moulding, Plastic Moulding Business, Products For Plastic Injection Moulding, Plastic Moulding Process, Injection Molding Process, Plastic Injection Molding Machines, Plastic Mould Design, Plastics Injection Mould Design, Injection Moulding Design Guide, Product Design for Plastic Moulding, Design for Injection Moulding, Preparation of Plasma Films, Transport Phenomena in Polymer Films, Acrylic Fabrication, Reinforcements for Thermosets, Miscellaneous Thermoplastic Process, Compression and Transfer Molding, Disciplined Process Stategy for Injection Moulding, Injection Molding, Blow Molding, Extrusion, Newly Developed Injection Moulding Technology, Injection Moulding, Plastic Injection Moulding Environment in India, Tiebarless and 2-Platen Injection Moulding Machines, Thin Walled Injection Moulding, Mold Cooling Best Bet for High Profits, Gas Injectionmoulding Technology, Mould Materials and Processing Methods, Laminate Composition, Reinforcements for Filament Winding, Fiberglass Technology, Making Glass Fibers, Glass Composition, Glass Fabric Construction and Weaves, Plastisol Molding, Injection Molding Machines, Injection Unit, Mold Clamping Unit, Functions of Mold Components, Injection Moulding Technique, Economical Production of Parts, Thermosetting Materials and Elastomers, Tiebarless Machine, Two-Shot Moulding Process, Assisted Injection Moulding Process, Hand Injection Moulds, Single Cavity Two Plate Moulds, Multi Cavity Moulds, Three Plate Moulds, Multi Colour Moulds, Making of Glass Fiber, Glass Fiber Manufacture, Glass Fiber Manufacturing Process, Glass Fiber Manufacturing, Making Glass Fibers, Method for Making Fiber Glass, Npcs, Niir, Process Technology Books, Business Consultancy, Business Consultant
Optimisation of ingot geometry, casting technology and chemical composition o...castingsnet
Optimisation of ingot geometry, casting technology and chemical composition of a 20 tons 42CrMo4 ingot to minimise A-segregation and increase material homogeneity
What is mold temperature in injection molding?JasmineHL
The mold temperature in injection molding is probably the most important temperature in terms of quality and this affects quality in many ways. The mold temperature is not the same thing as the cooling water temperature, it is the temperature of the actual mold cavity after it has stabilized.
Five elements of injection molding process parametersJasmineHL
The injection molding process is one of the four major plastic molding processes. The barrels, basins, toys, and other daily products we use in our lives are all formed by the injection molding process. So what are the important factors to pay attention to in the plastic injection molding process?
The completion of the injection molding process generally requires six processes of clamping, filling, holding pressure, cooling, demolding, and opening the mold. In these six processes, we must remember these five elements, namely pressure, speed, position, temperature, and time.
What is the injection molding process theory -dgmf mold clamps co., ltdJasmineHL
The nature of friction between macromolecules when molten plastic flows is called the viscosity of plastics, and the coefficient of this viscosity is called viscosity, so viscosity is a reflection of the fluidity of molten plastics. The larger the viscosity, the stronger the melt viscosity. The worse the fluidity, the more difficult the processing.
ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer)
ABS
1. Select appropriate sprue and gate according to fluidity.
2. Select appropriate fusion state for gate location.
3. Due to high pressure forming, retraction inclination must be above 2°.
4. Shrinkage in plastic injection molding must be around 0.5%.
5. Commonly used for gold-plated products, following matters are as follows:
Hot runner nozzle is one of important components of hot runner system. It is very important to control temperature of hot runner nozzle in injection mold. If temperature at the gate is too high, melt will stick to valve needle when mold is opened. If temperature at the gate is too low, melt at the gate will be too cold, which will make valve needle difficult to close.
What is the injection molding cooling time -dgmf mold clamps co., ltdJasmineHL
In injection production, the cooling time of plastic injection molded parts accounts for about 80% of the entire injection production cycle. Poor cooling often results in warpage of the product or surface defects, affecting the dimensional stability of the product. Properly arranging injection, holding pressure and cooling time can improve product quality and productivity.
Compared with ordinary flow channel molds, hot runner mould have significant advantages such as saving time and materials, high efficiency, and stable quality. However, its wide application has been affected by their failure in use. With technological advancement of mold industry, hot runner mould has made great progress in flow channel melt temperature control, structural reliability, hot runner component design and manufacture, which makes hot runner technology regain people’s attention and favor.
8 issues to be noted when injection molding pet performsJasmineHL
Because PET macromolecules contain fat groups and have a certain degree of hydrophilicity, the pellets are more sensitive to water at high temperatures. When the moisture content exceeds the limit, the molecular weight of PET decreases during processing, and the products are colored and brittle.
Mold clamp tools definition
What is mold clamp? The mold clamp (also called mould clamp) is a kind of auxiliary clamping unit often used in injection mold processing, its main function is to keep the machined parts not shaking not moving in the processing.
What determines high performance plasticsJasmineHL
The following six factors determine the high-performance plastics.
(1) The type of polymer determines high-performance plastics
The performance is also different because of the different polymer links, such as acetal resin (POM) impact strength, then the unsaturated polyester resin (UP) is more excellent. Even if the same material, structure, and polymerization degree are different, the performance varies significantly.
What is progressive stamping die?
Progressive stamping is a metalworking method that can encompass punching, coining, bending, and several other ways of modifying metal raw material, combined with an automatic feeding system. The feeding system pushes a strip of metal through all of the stations of a progressive stamping die.
The progressive stamping die refers to a cold stamping die that uses a strip of stamping raw material to complete multiple stamping processes simultaneously with several different stations on one die in one stamping stroke, and the material strip moves at a fixed distance once for each stamping stroke until the product is finished.
Reasonable product design and mold design are key technologies that affect the success of injection molding. This article introduces some basic principles of injection molded product design and mold design.
1. The basic conditions of plastic product design
1.1. Record the product usage conditions as detailed as possible.
These conditions are:
A. Use environment
Outdoor conditions (sunlight, rain, ice, snow, dust), sunlight (ultraviolet rays, radiation, etc.), contact with gas (corrosive gas, water vapor), contact with liquid (water, detergent, oil, medicine, etc.), other (plasticizers), copper);
B. Use intensity
Common temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature (usually, special circumstances, outdoor, warehouse, window, car, etc.), repeated cold and hot
C. Use load
Common load, maximum load (normal, special circumstances. Static, dynamic, repeated, continuous, impact, drop, etc.).
Mold components refer to the general name of metal accessories used in stamping dies, plastic molds, or FA automation equipment exclusively in the mold industry.
Here we are going to introduce 60 kinds of the mold components.
Precautions for injection mold maintenanceJasmineHL
Injection mold, as the most important production tool of injection molding factory, determines the shape, specification, size and appearance finish of the product. The material of the mold is steel, which is generally composed of a front mold and a back mold.
Injection mold is a tool for producing plastic products; it is also a tool for giving plastic products a complete structure and precise dimensions. The structure of the injection mold and the quality of mold processing directly affects the quality and production efficiency of plastic parts. The most common and most common causes of injection mold failures and troubleshooting methods in the production of injection molds and plastic products are described in detail as follows:
What are the key points of precision injection moldingJasmineHL
Precision injection molding is affected by many related factors and environmental conditions, and the most basic are the four basic factors of plastic materials, injection molds, injection molding processes, and injection molding equipment.
In the early stage of designing plastic products, engineering plastics with corresponding performance requirements should be selected according to the application environment.
Secondly, the appropriate injection molding machine should be selected according to the selected plastic material, finished product dimensional accuracy, part weight, quality requirements, and expected mold structure.
Plastic products are made of a mixture of synthetic resin and various additives as raw materials, using injection, extrusion, pressing, pouring, and other methods. While plastic products are being molded, they also obtain the final performance, so plastic molding is a key production process.
The following are 10 common plastic Injection molding methods.
Basic requirements for plastic injection molded part designJasmineHL
Plastic Part Design Basic Requirements
Unreasonable design of plastic injection molded parts often results in some inherent defects in the product. For example, the structure of the parts is unreasonable, the parts use too much material, etc. Here are a series of basic requirements for plastic injection molded parts design for reference.
The cold forging, cold extrusion, and cold heading are general terms for plastic processing. Cold forging, also called cold volume forming, is a manufacturing process and a processing method. Cold forging is the forming process below the recrystallization temperature of the material, and the forging performed below the recovery temperature.
What is the difference between blow molding and injection moldingJasmineHL
What Is The Difference Between Blow Molding And Injection Molding?
First, the process is different
Blow molding: Blow molding uses gas pressure to inflate the hot parison closed in the mold into a hollow product, or the tube parison is inflated into a tube film without a mold.
Injection molding: injection molding is to melt plastic materials, and then inject them into the film cavity to form.
Blow molding is a manufacturing process for forming and joining together hollow plastic parts. It is also used for forming glass bottles or other hollow shapes. In general, there are three main types of blow molding: extrusion blow molding, injection blow molding, and injection stretch blow molding.
The inclined top mold is also known as the inclined tip. It is the mechanism used to mold the internal barbs of the product in the mold design. It is suitable for relatively simple barbs.
Appropriate opening of the injection mold air vent can greatly reduce the injection molding pressure, injection molding time, holding time, and injection mold clamping pressure, making the plastic parts from difficult to easy, thereby improving production efficiency, reducing production costs, and reducing the energy consumption of the machine.
How complex molds are demolded dynamic picturesJasmineHL
Today we will share with you a wave of dynamic pictures of how complex molds are demolded, including rotary core pulling, complex slider mechanisms, complex inclined top mechanisms, and so on. These dynamic pictures can be said to be the essence of a set of molds. We recommend everyone to collect them. They can really help everyone to increase their knowledge.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
RAT: Retrieval Augmented Thoughts Elicit Context-Aware Reasoning in Long-Hori...
How to set the injection molding material temperature -dgmf mold clamps co., ltd
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How to set the injection molding material temperature?
Written By Jasmine HL
In injection molding, temperature is one of the five major factors in injection molding, which
affects the plasticizing effect of the material, the flow rate of the solution, the crystallization rate,
and the cooling rate of the mold. Reasonable use of temperature control can reduce a lot of
detours when debugging process parameters. Let's explore the influence of temperature in the
forming process together.
One: In injection molding, how is the barrel and nozzle heated and temperature detected?
The heating device of the injection molding machine is usually fastened to the outside of the
barrel and nozzle using a resistance heating coil. When the thermocouple detection temperature
does not reach the set value, the relay and contactor are energized and closed, and the heating
circle will generate thermal energy, which will slowly transfer the heat to the barrel and nozzle for
heating. The thermocouple is sandwiched between the barrel and the heating circle to detect the
temperature. ; When the thermocouple detection temperature reaches the set value and
allowable error value, the relay and contactor are powered off and normally open, the heating
ring stops working, and the barrel and nozzle are not heated, but there will be residual heat,
keeping the barrel and nozzle at constant temperature.
Two: In injection molding, which sections are the barrel temperature and nozzle temperature?
Material is transferred from the discharge port through the screw rotation to the final section
area--conveying section
The final temperature setting should be higher than the softening temperature of the material.
The final temperature is the lowest temperature of the entire barrel.
The function of the last stage is to prevent the screw from clogging at the feed opening.
If the temperature at the end of the barrel is set too high, or incorrect injection process
parameters are likely to induce melt backflow, the cooling water circuit will be added to prevent
this from happening in the last half of the barrel.
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In the process parameters, the end temperature should be set reasonably. If the temperature is
set too low, the screw torque will increase, making the screw rotation speed slower, and the
shear heat will increase. After the shutdown, the screw may not turn and plasticize, and the
screw time The accumulated wear shortens the service life; if the end position is set too high, the
solution countercurrent material will condense.
The melt is transferred from the end region to the middle section by the rotation of the
screw--the plasticizing section
It is usually the section with the highest temperature setting, set between viscous flow
temperature and thermal decomposition temperature.
The role of the middle section is to uniformly plasticize the materials, color masterbatches,
additives, etc.
In terms of process parameters, if the middle temperature is set too high, it will cause thermal
decomposition of the material, destroy the polymer structure, cause defects and unpleasant
odors; if the temperature is low, it will cause the material to be uneven and homogeneous, and it
will also affect the quality and strength of the product. .
The melt is transferred from the interruption zone to the front section by the rotation of the
screw-the metering section
The front temperature setting should be slightly lower than the middle temperature by 15 ℃
-25 ℃.
The role of the front section is to prevent the middle section solution from drooling forward, and
the plasticized material can be prepared for use in the die again.
In terms of process parameters, if the material temperature is too high, the surface appearance
brightness increases, the impact strength increases, and the product has good fluidity, but it is
easy to induce the solution's delayed thermal decomposition; if the temperature is too low, the
mold filling rate becomes slower, the pressure increases, and the orientation Increasing force and
internal stress will affect the quality of refill molding.
The solution is transferred from the front section to the nozzle through the rotation of the screw
Nozzle mold--the nozzle temperature setting should be higher than the front section temperature
and slightly lower than the middle section temperature (different nozzles have been developed
according to different products). The hot runner mold-nozzle temperature setting does not have
too many requirements and mainly plays the role of the runner. .
The function of the nozzle is to effectively control the solidification of the melt or the injection of
the melt into the mold, causing product defects.
In terms of process parameters, setting the nozzle temperature too high will cause melt drooling
and thermal decomposition of the material, which will affect the product quality. If the nozzle
temperature is set too low, the melt will solidify and produce cold materials, which will block the
flow channel and prevent normal production. Therefore, the setting of the nozzle temperature is
important for injection molding.
Three: In injection molding, how to set the barrel temperature and nozzle temperature?
The temperature setting of the barrel and nozzle is determined according to the type of plastic,
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the shape of the product and the type of screw. The injection temperature of different materials
is different. For materials with a narrow range of softening temperature and melting point, the
temperature should be set lower; For a wider range of materials, the temperature can be
increased appropriately.
Usually it is divided into four sections: conveying section-plasticizing section-metering
section-nozzle, temperature: low-high-medium-high.
The following are the planned temperatures for the commonly used materials in the barrel and
nozzle in the injection molding production.
Material name: Polypropylene (PP)
Softening temperature (℃): 165
Thermal decomposition temperature (℃): 330
Temperature of conveying section (℃): 150-180
Temperature of plasticizing section (℃): 200-260
Measuring section temperature (℃): 200-220
Nozzle temperature (℃): 180-220
Material name: Polyoxymethylene (POM)
Softening temperature (℃): 165
Thermal decomposition temperature (℃): 240
Temperature of conveying section (℃): 150-180
Temperature of plasticizing section (℃): 180-210
Measuring section temperature (℃): 190-200
Nozzle temperature (℃): 180-220
Material name: Polycarbonate (PC)
Softening temperature (℃): 225
Thermal decomposition temperature (℃): 340
Temperature of conveying section (℃): 200-230
Temperature of plasticizing section (℃): 230-260
Measuring section temperature (℃): 260-300
Nozzle temperature (℃): 260-300
Material name: Polyamide (PA6)
Softening temperature (℃): 215
Thermal decomposition temperature (℃): 280
Temperature of conveying section (℃): 200-220
Temperature of plasticizing section (℃): 220-230
Measuring section temperature (℃): 230-260
Nozzle temperature (℃): 260-280
Material name: Double 6 nylon (PA66)
Softening temperature (℃): 255
Thermal decomposition temperature (℃): 310
Temperature of conveying section (℃): 240-260
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Temperature of plasticizing section (℃): 260-280
Measuring section temperature (℃): 280-300
Nozzle temperature (℃): 280-310
Material name: ABS
Softening temperature (℃): 160
Thermal decomposition temperature (℃): 280
Temperature of conveying section (℃): 150-180
Temperature of plasticizing section (℃): 180-200
Measuring section temperature (℃): 200-240
Nozzle temperature (℃): 220-230
Material name: Polystyrene (PS)
Softening temperature (℃): 160
Thermal decomposition temperature (℃): 250
Temperature of conveying section (℃): 150-180
Temperature of plasticizing section (℃): 180-200
Measuring section temperature (℃): 200-260
Nozzle temperature (℃): 200-250
Four: Precautions for temperature control in injection molding
1. The residence time of the melt in the barrel and the nozzle is also required. If the shutdown
time or the cycle time is too long, the residence time of the material in the barrel will cause the
material to thermally decompose and the melt to solidify the nozzle. And the dwell time is too
short, which will lead to the inability to make the material uniform and homogeneous, which will
cause product quality problems.
2. The use position of the screw should be reasonably controlled, and the measurement of
product use should account for 50% -75% of the total measurement of the screw. Over- and
under-screw metering is not suitable for injection molding. Shooting out and shooting out should
be prohibited, and screw metering should be selected reasonably.
3. It is not recommended to adjust the temperature by a large amount. The flow rate of the
product changes particularly. The temperature change is a gradual process. The buffering process
takes 10 minutes to 20 minutes. Inattention will cause serious consequences, which will seriously
affect the product quality and Use intensity.
4. During the injection of the melt, from the last stage to the middle stage to the front stage, the
nozzle, the diameter of the melt is changed from large to small, which is affected by pressure and
speed during injection, and the melt temperature passes. Shear heat will be increased at the
nozzle of the mold, so the actual temperature of the nozzle during injection is about 30 °C higher,
so the nozzle temperature should be adjusted reasonably to prevent thermal decomposition.
5. When the screw temperature rotates, the friction of the screw will generate frictional heat, so
the materials matched by the manufacturer will differ by 10--25 ° C in the actual temperature
setting, and when the screw stops rotating, it will generate heat of accumulation. The deviation
of the screw temperature from 3 to 15 ° C (different screw models and equipment wear