2. Prevalence
Classification of congenital heart defects
Briefly discuss about Clinical Signs,
Diagnostic & Surgery
Management
3. Definition :-
Failure of normal cardiac development or
persistent of the fetal circulation after birth.
CHD is the most common group of
structural malformations in children.
4. Understanding the fetal circulation helps
clarify how some forms of congenital heart
disease occur.
The fetus has only a small flow of blood
through the lungs, as it does not breathe in
utero.
The fetal circulation allows oxygenated blood
from the placenta to pass directly to the left
side of the heart through the foramen ovale
without having to flow through the lungs.
5.
6. 33% of all birth defects
In US alone 35,000 babies are born with heart
defects every year
In India approx. 1,90,000 to 2,50,000 babies
are born with heart defects every year
Prevalence of 8 per 1000 births
1 million grown up adults with heart defects
12. Cyanotic
Right-to-Left shunts
Pulmonary Blood
flow Low
Tetralogy of
Fallot (TOF)
Tricuspid
atresia
Mixed Blood Flow
Transposition
of the great
arteries
Total
anomalous
pulmonary
venous
return
(TAPVC)
Truncus
arteriosus
13.
14.
15. Feeding problems
Fatigue and excessive sweating
Severe growth impairment
Recurrent chest infection
16. Must be careful
Some of the symptoms are very subtle.
Obtain a detailed prenatal history including
exposure to infections, medication usage, drug
and alcohol use, nutrition and exposure to
radiation.
Maternal Diabetes , Obesity, Hypertension, Fever
Parental Family history of CHD
Mother did Smoking during the pregnancy
17. Signs of poor growth
Tachypnea – Related to Lungs - rapid
breathing – Normally 20 breaths/min
Sub costal recession - Respiratory distress
Tachycardia
Cyanosis
Peri orbital oedema - Swelling in the tissues
around the eye
Murmur - extra or unusual sound heard
during a heartbeat
18. Chest X-ray
ECG
ECHO
Blood GasTest
Full Infection Screen
Assessment of Renal Function
20. Improving cardiac function
Removing accumulated fluid and
sodium
Decrease cardiac demands
Improve tissue O2
Improve nutrition and hydration
Prevention of infection
Patient and family support
21. Parents taking a child with a heart defect home
should have discharge planning which
includes name/number of the specialist and all
emergency numbers.
Provide CPR training to his/her Parents.
Should not allow a child with a cyanotic heart
defect or severe aortic stenosis to cry for
extended periods of time.
