These slides were prepared for an online presentation in 2017 which was part of the Study Up programme for new students at Massey University, New Zealand. They remain property of Massey University and should not be used in any form without permission.
This presentation was prepared for the Study Up Online workshops provided by the National Centre for Teaching and Learning at Massey University, New Zealand.
This presentation was designed for students at Massey University, New Zealand. It covers general features of effective paragraph writing, including issues of length, structure and flow of language.
These slides were prepared for a workshop with international students at Massey University New Zealand. The focus was on making the most of opportunities to practise spoken English while at university in New Zealand.
This presentation was prepared for the Study Up Online workshops provided by the National Centre for Teaching and Learning at Massey University, New Zealand.
This presentation was designed for students at Massey University, New Zealand. It covers general features of effective paragraph writing, including issues of length, structure and flow of language.
These slides were prepared for a workshop with international students at Massey University New Zealand. The focus was on making the most of opportunities to practise spoken English while at university in New Zealand.
How to Write Better Code with Mutation TestingJohn Backus
Presentation for Fog City Ruby based on https://blog.blockscore.com/how-to-write-better-code-using-mutation-testing/.
Mutation testing can help you:
* Improve your test coverage
* Think about edge cases and catch more bugs before they break in production
* Learn more about Ruby, the libraries you depend on, and your own codebase
This presentation was made for students in the Bachelor of Speech and Language Therapy programme at Massey University, New Zealand. It focuses on reflective writing in relation to clinical competency development.
This presentation was prepared for international students at Massey University, New Zealand. It focuses on the features of successful assignment writing and strategies for .
Call per aspiranti imprenditori o giovani imprese under 35 nei settori marketing e artigianato ad affiancare un'impresa artigianale di eccellenza con lo sviluppo dell'idea imprenditoriale, in sinergia con lo sviluppo di un prototipo dell'azienda.
Candidature di giovani imprese o aspiranti imprenditori dal 15 febbraio al 15 marzo 2016 in formato digitale a sharemantova@gmail.com
This presentation is intended for students at Massey University taking the first year paper in Communication Disorders (271.150). It covers the main steps in completing part A of the assignment.
This presentation was prepared for students at Massey University, New Zealand studying the paper: Introduction to Professional and Ethical Practice in different learning contexts.
How to Write Better Code with Mutation TestingJohn Backus
Presentation for Fog City Ruby based on https://blog.blockscore.com/how-to-write-better-code-using-mutation-testing/.
Mutation testing can help you:
* Improve your test coverage
* Think about edge cases and catch more bugs before they break in production
* Learn more about Ruby, the libraries you depend on, and your own codebase
This presentation was made for students in the Bachelor of Speech and Language Therapy programme at Massey University, New Zealand. It focuses on reflective writing in relation to clinical competency development.
This presentation was prepared for international students at Massey University, New Zealand. It focuses on the features of successful assignment writing and strategies for .
Call per aspiranti imprenditori o giovani imprese under 35 nei settori marketing e artigianato ad affiancare un'impresa artigianale di eccellenza con lo sviluppo dell'idea imprenditoriale, in sinergia con lo sviluppo di un prototipo dell'azienda.
Candidature di giovani imprese o aspiranti imprenditori dal 15 febbraio al 15 marzo 2016 in formato digitale a sharemantova@gmail.com
This presentation is intended for students at Massey University taking the first year paper in Communication Disorders (271.150). It covers the main steps in completing part A of the assignment.
This presentation was prepared for students at Massey University, New Zealand studying the paper: Introduction to Professional and Ethical Practice in different learning contexts.
Nursing Leadership Essay Sample | Templates at allbusinesstemplates.com. Nursing essay on leadership (example). The Job of Leader of Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written .... Persuasive Essay: Leadership in nursing essay. Transformational Leadership in Nursing | Free Essay Example. Nursing Leadership Essay Help | Nursing Leadership Assignment Help. Leadership Essay – 9+ Samples, Examples, Format Download. Nursing Essay - Leadership in nursing by Academic Answers - Issuu. Nursing Essays - Leadership Styles and Management by Academic Answers .... Beautiful Leadership Essays For College ~ Thatsnotus. (PDF) Attributes of clinical leadership in contemporary nursing: An .... Premiumessays net nursing sample essay on leadership in nursing (1) by .... ≫ Being a Nurse Leader Free Essay Sample on Samploon.com. Nursing - Nursing Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written .... Nursing Leadership Guide Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays .... (PDF) TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP IN NURSING. What is nursing essay introduction - writingwizard.x.fc2.com. Nursing - Nursing Leadership in the 21st Century Essay. Essay on leadership and management in nursing. Leadership And Management In Nursing Essay Example. Essays on leadership roles in nursing: Deliberation. Transformational leadership in nursing essay - rpolibraryutoronto.web .... ≫ Effective Leadership in Nursing Free Essay Sample on Samploon.com. The Role of Leadership in Nursing Practice Assignment Example | Topics .... FREE 10+ Leadership Essay Samples in MS Word | PDF. Narrative Essay: Leadership in nursing essays. Nursing Leadership for Continuing Professional Development - 1418 Words .... ≫ Analysis of Leadership Style in Nursing Free Essay Sample on Samploon.com. System of Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays .... (PDF) Transformational leadership in nursing practice Leadership In Nursing Essays
Technology and GlobalizationExamine the relationship between a.docxmattinsonjanel
Technology and Globalization
Examine the relationship between advances in technology and the responsibilities of global citizenship. Describe how technology has changed the way in which people pursue knowledge and how they address social concerns. Assess the challenges and benefits of a technical and global community, and recognize the impact of technological and global influences in your life.
Your initial post should be at least 250 words in length. Support your claims with examples from required material(s) and/or other scholarly sources, and properly cite any references. Respond to at least two of your classmates’ posts by Day 7.
Reflecting on General Education
Explain what you have learned about the principles guiding general education from this course and the courses you have taken in the past. What are the most important concepts you have learned (a) from this course and (b) throughout your time as a university student? What are your plans for putting your education to use within your community? How might your newly-acquired knowledge and skills shape your personal and professional development?
Your initial post should be at least 250 words in length. Support your claims with examples from required material(s) and/or other scholarly sources, and properly cite any references. Respond to at least two of your classmates’ posts by Day 7.
Ashford 6: - Week 5 - Final Research Paper
Climate Change
Final Research Paper
Research the responsibility of a critical thinker in a contemporary society. You may choose any topic that deals with a contemporary social concern. Examine the principles of critical thought in relation to the chosen societal concern, and consider the importance of ethics, moral reasoning, a research-based process to search for truth, and the advantages of information technology in gathering data.
Potential social concerns include, but are not limited to health (e.g., obesity, smoking, or underage drinking), poverty (e.g., homelessness, basic needs, or transportation issues), family relations and dynamics (e.g., teen violence, physical abuse, depression, or suicide), social media (e.g., privacy), immigration (e.g., illegal), and education (e.g., plagiarism and/or cheating).
Your Final Research Paper should:
1. Include a literature review of three scholarly sources based on the selected contemporary issue. Analyze the validity of the author’s arguments and/or biases.
2. Explain how academic knowledge impacts the social elements and institutions of both local and global communities.
3. Assess how the principles of active citizenship could impact the contemporary issue during the next five to ten years.
4. Include at least one reference to a multimedia component (i.e., podcast, interactive website, blog, or video) and evaluate the relevance of this piece in relationship to academic knowledge and the selected issue.
The paper must be 12 to 14 pages in length (excluding the title and reference pages) and formatted ac ...
5 Paragraph Essay: What Is It and How to Write It – NerdyMates.com. 6+ Basic Outline Templates - PDF. Impressive Five Paragraph Essay Outline ~ Thatsnotus.
COHESION By Greg Dorchies Cohesion, or coherence, is .docxmonicafrancis71118
COHESION
By Greg Dorchies
Cohesion, or coherence, is the intangible glue that holds paragraphs together. Having
good coherence in a writing project means that your ideas stick together and flow smoothly from
one sentence to the next, so that readers of your work can easily understand where you are taking
them. Without cohesion, a written work can seem choppy and may not flow well; a lack of
coherence challenges the reader and can hurt comprehension, thus rendering your attempt at
communication ineffective at best.
We will look at cohesion within paragraphs, but the basics below, along with
organizational devices like headings, help to link sentences, paragraphs and sections coherently
in longer, complex writing projects.
Here are four main components of cohesion:
relevance
order
linking words
repetition of key words
1. RELEVANCE
A simple way to build cohesion or flow between sentences is to look at the meaning of a
sentence and compare it to the point of the next sentence. They should be related yet not the
same. If the two sentences are not closely related, you will lose the readers‟ attention, because
they will have to guess where you are going. If the two sentences are identical, you are not
adding any new information to your work, and the reader will be annoyed.
Example – Too different: relevance not clear
Antigone‟s motivation is family duty, even if it means death. She must
rebel which will cause an uproar - the consequences don‟t matter to her. This
would also explain why she rejects Ismene‟s support later in the play. They both
have different motivations - Ismene has nothing left to lose and wants to go out
with a glorious bang.
In this paragraph, two sentences are far too separate. The first two sentences talk about
Antigone‟s motivations and how far they will drive her. The focus is then redirected to Ismene,
and the paragraph focus is not clear. It lacks cohesion.
When a sentence relates the Ismene information back to Antigone, we have cohesion:
Antigone‟s motivation is family duty, even if it means death. She wants to
rebel which will cause an uproar - the consequences don‟t matter to her. In
contrast, her sister, Ismene, has completely different motivations for her actions
and wants glory, which explains why Antigone rejects her support later in the play.
Example – Too similar
Aristophanes exaggerates Socrates‟ intelligence in a humorous way.
Aristophanes portrays Socrates‟ intelligence as a tool of humor. He
makes Socrates use his intelligence to make a mockery of people.
Aristophanes makes Socrates appear very brash in the use of his
intelligence.
The author conveys only two points with these four sentences – that Aristophanes uses Socrates‟
intelligence as a joke, and that he did so by having Socrates mock people. Cutting away the
unnecessary repetitions strengthens cohesion:
Aristophanes exaggerates Socr.
Assignment 04SO245 Social Impact of TechnologyInstructions..docxdavezstarr61655
Assignment 04
SO245 Social Impact of Technology
Instructions.
Relying solely on the material in your course and using your own words, your objective will be writing a short descriptive essay that defines and explains selected environmental impacts of deforestation. As you write, imagine you are talking to a friend who has no knowledge of this topic. In short, write the way you speak, using a conversational tone. Also, try to alternate short sentences and longer sentences to make your writing more readable.
Before, during, or after you’ve completed your essay, be sure to create a title and cite yourself as the author. For example:
Environmental Impacts of Deforestation
Jennifer Croft
Your essay should have 5 paragraphs. Paragraph 1 is your lead paragraph. It will contain an overview of what you have to say about these three topics – disruption of the carbon cycle, disruption of the hydro (water) cycle, and the reduction of species diversity.
Paragraphs 2, 3, and 4, are your body paragraphs. In your essay, paragraph 2 should describe how deforestation disrupts the carbon cycle.
In paragraph 3, you’ll write about how deforestation disrupts the hydro (water) cycle.
In paragraph 4, you’ll explain how deforestation is related to declining species diversity.
Paragraph 5 is your conclusion paragraph. Here, you can describe how you feel about these three effects of deforestation and what we might do about it.
Deforestation
While deforestation is closely associated with global warming and climate change, deforestation has been one aspect of human history for quite a long time. Industrialization in all the developed countries has marched hand in hand with clearing the land of forests. In the continental United States, before and after industrialization, 90 percent of indigenous forests have been destroyed since 1600.
As noted earlier, the only regions that still feature indigenous boreal forests are mostly located in central Canada, Alaska, northern Russia, northern Japan, and northern Mongolia. The largest remaining indigenous tropical forests are found in the northwestern Amazon Basin and what is called the Guyana Shield of northern South America. That includes Guyana, Surinam, Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador. Other regions that support extensive tropical forests, as noted earlier, include Indonesia, Cambodia, Vietnam, Thailand, the southernmost "cone" of India, and the Congo Basin in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
In general, global forests act as carbon dioxide sinks at the same time that they upload oxygen into the atmosphere. The capacity of that vital carbon sink is, obviously, reduced as trees are cleared. At the same time, trees and other kinds of vegetation emit carbon dioxide when they die, thus adding to global greenhouse gas and contributing heavily to global warming. According to the EPA, the most significant anthropogenic (human-caused) source of global warming is the burning of fossil fuels. The second major caus.
Writing findings & discussion chapters for qualitative theses.pdfMartin McMorrow
This presentation was designed for postgraduate students at the University of Notre Dame Australia. It provides advice on how to write findings and discussion chapters for theses based on qualitative research.
This presentation is intended for students of the Bachelor of Nursing at the University of Notre Dame Australia. It focuses on the first two assessments in NURS 1018: an annotated bibliography and a report.
These slides were prepared for a workshop for teachers at King George V & Ellaine Bernacchi School in Kiribati. The presenter was Martin McMorrow, who was an English language advisor at the school in 2019 under the auspices of VSA (Volunteer Service Abroad), New Zealand.
These slides were prepared for Masters of Management students at Massey University, New Zealand. They focus on how to write a reflective journal for assignment 3 of Leading and Organising Change (152.707).
These slides were prepared for a workshop with postgraduate Management students at Massey University, New Zealand. They focus on writing scholarly critique paragraphs, as part of the reflective journals for 152707 Leading and Organising Change.
These slides were prepared for students at Massey University, Albany in 2018. They focus on writing analytical paragraphs as part of a reflective journal.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
2. By the end of this session you will be able to:
• Make informed decisions about paragraph length
• Write effective opening sentences
• Make your writing flow
LEARNING OUTCOMES
3. PART 1: PARAGRAPH
LENGTH
You’re going to read a paragraph from an essay about
the impacts of climate change and how governments
should respond.
The paragraph is about severe storms.
Write in the text box:
• How many sentences and / or words you expect in
this paragraph
Think about:
• What you expect in the first sentence
• What you expect in the other sentences
4. Another effect of climate change is the increased intensity of
severe storms, as a result of higher ocean temperatures
(EPA, 2016). Severe storms (variously known as hurricanes,
typhoons or cyclones) can extend more than a hundred
kilometres in diameter, with winds gusting to over 200 kph
(Snowdon, 2006). So great, in fact, is the energy released by
a severe storm that it has been estimated to exceed the total
energy consumed by mankind throughout the world in one
year (Fowles, 2001). Together with other extreme weather
events, storms have been responsible for nearly two million
deaths over the last thirty years. They also cause economic
losses estimated at $US150 billion each year (World Bank,
2013). These impacts are not restricted to the tropics.
Tropical storms have been known to reintensify as they reach
New Zealand. For instance, in 1968, Cyclone Gisele produced
gusts of up to 270kph in Wellington and led to the sinking of
the ferry Wahine, with 51 fatalities (Sinclair, 2002).
5. How many sentences?
7
How many words?
163 (including citations)
Is that ok?
Yes. There’s no rule about paragraph length, but in
academic writing, paragraphs are typically between 4
and 8 sentences long (about 90 to 200 words).
7. It could be ok, but consider cutting it out
or adding two or three sentences to
develop your argument.
It could be ok, but have another look in
case some of the details are unnecessary
or it would be better split: two well-
focused paragraphs are better than one
fuzzy one.
What if a paragraph is shorter than four
sentences?
What if a paragraph is over 8 sentences?
8. INTERACTIVE TASK 1
The next slide shows a paragraph from an essay
comparing two approaches to leadership:
Administrative Principles (by a French theorist
called Fayol) and Confucianism.
However, only the FIRST and LAST sentences are
in the correct order. The others have been mixed
up.
Write in the text box the correct sequence of the
other four sentences (like this: B, D, A, C).
9. In contrast to Fayol’s pragmatic focus on management of
organisations, Confucianism focuses on the maintenance of
relationships in society as a whole.
A) Therefore, in an organisational context, leaders need to maintain a
harmonious environment in which employees willingly accept their
duties.
B) Leadership is central to all of these relationships because society is
viewed as hierarchical, with each member typically having power over
some, while being subservient to others.
C) Social relationships are categorised into five types: emperor-subject,
father-son, husband-wife, older-young brother, and friend-friend.
D) The potential for power struggles means that harmony is seen as a
key objective in order to secure the sustainability of the society.
This requires leaders to maintain a delicate balance between
obligations from and rewards to their team members.
10. FEEDBACK
The original sequence was:
C) Social relationships are categorised into five types: emperor-subject,
father-son, husband-wife, older-young brother, and friend-friend.
B) Leadership is central to all of these relationships because society is
viewed as hierarchical, with each member typically having power over
some, while being subservient to others.
D) The potential for power struggles means that harmony is seen as a
key objective in order to secure the sustainability of the society.
A) Therefore, in an organisational context, leaders need to maintain a
harmonious environment in which employees willingly accept their
duties.
11. Here are the first sentences from the two
example paragraphs which you have read:
PART 2. OPENING
SENTENCES
In contrast to Fayol’s pragmatic focus on management
of organisations, Confucianism focuses on the
maintenance of relationships in society as a whole.
Another effect of climate change is the increased
intensity of severe storms, as a result of higher ocean
temperatures.
Think about what they have in common.
12. Opening sentences are like a bridge between
paragraphs.
They link BACK to the OLD topic (of the
previous paragraph(s):
In contrast to Fayol’s pragmatic focus on
management of organisations …
Another effect of climate change …
13. And they link FORWARD to the NEW topic of
the current paragraph:
… Confucianism focuses on the maintenance
of relationships in society as a whole
… is the increased intensity of severe
storms.
For this reason, they are often called TOPIC
sentences.
It’s not the only way to start a paragraph, but
this old-new pattern is a useful one to learn.
14. The rest of the paragraph supports and
develops the claim which was made in the
opening sentence. For instance:
HOW Confucianism focuses on the
maintenance of relationships – and what this
means for management.
HOW intense severe storms are, and what are
their effects.
It does this through definition, explanation,
argument, evidence, examples (and
sometimes, exceptions).
15. In contrast to Fayol’s pragmatic focus on
management of organisations, Confucianism
focuses on the maintenance of relationships in
society as a whole (de Bettignies, Ip, Bai, Habisch &
Lenssen, 2011). Social relationships are categorised
into five types: emperor-subject, father-son,
husband-wife, older-young brother, and friend-
friend (Li, 1984). Leadership is central to all of
these relationships because society is viewed as
hierarchical, with each member typically having
power over some, while being subservient to
others. The potential for power struggles means
that harmony is seen as a key objective in order to
secure the sustainability of the society (Ip, 2009).
Therefore, in an organisational context, leaders
need to maintain a harmonious environment in
which employees willingly accept their duties (Tsui,
Wang, Xin, Zhang, & Fu, 2004) .This requires leaders
to maintain a delicate balance between obligations
from and rewards to their team members (Zhang,
Lin, Nonoka, & Beom, 2005).
Topic
Examples
Argument
16. INTERACTIVE TASK 2
Look again at the paragraph about severe storms.
Write in the text box:
• What is the main way in which the topic is
developed?
Argument? Evidence? Or examples?
Think about:
• How the sentences flow.
17. Another effect of climate change is the increased intensity of
severe storms, as a result of higher ocean temperatures
(EPA, 2016). Severe storms (variously known as hurricanes,
typhoons or cyclones) can extend more than a hundred
kilometres in diameter, with winds gusting to over 200 kph
(Snowdon, 2006). So great, in fact, is the energy released by
a severe storm that it has been estimated to exceed the total
energy consumed by mankind throughout the world in one
year (Fowles, 2001). Together with other extreme weather
events, storms have been responsible for nearly two million
deaths over the last thirty years. They also cause economic
losses estimated at $US150 billion each year (World Bank,
2013). These impacts are not restricted to the tropics.
Tropical storms have been known to reintensify as they reach
New Zealand. For instance, in 1968, Cyclone Gisele produced
gusts of up to 270kph in Wellington and led to the sinking of
the ferry Wahine, with 51 fatalities (Sinclair, 2002).
18. FEEDBACK
Another effect of climate change is the increased
intensity of severe storms, as a result of higher
ocean temperatures (EPA, 2016). Severe storms
(variously known as hurricanes, typhoons or
cyclones) can extend more than a hundred
kilometres in diameter, with winds gusting to over
200 kph (Snowdon, 2006). So great, in fact, is the
energy released by a severe storm that it has been
estimated to exceed the total energy consumed by
mankind throughout the world in one year (Fowles,
2001). Together with other extreme weather
events, storms have been responsible for nearly
two million deaths over the last thirty years. They
also cause economic losses estimated at $US150
billion each year (World Bank, 2013). These
impacts are not restricted to the tropics. Tropical
storms have been known to reintensify as they
reach New Zealand. For instance, in 1968, Cyclone
Gisele produced gusts of up to 270kph in
Wellington and led to the sinking of the ferry
Wahine, with 51 fatalities (Sinclair, 2002).
Topic
Example
Evidence
19. Part 3: MAKING YOUR
SENTENCES FLOW
Repetition and Variation of topic
vocabulary: keeps the focus on the same topic
Back-reference devices: Using ‘this’ / ‘these’
/ ‘such’ etc means that each sentence builds on the
one before, helping your argument move forward
Signpost words: Words or phrases like ‘Moreover’ or
‘On the other hand’ highlight important steps in the
argument – but should not be used too much or too
loosely.
20. Another effect of climate change is the increased intensity of
severe STORMS, as a result of higher ocean temperatures (EPA,
2016). Severe storms (variously known as hurricanes, typhoons
or cyclones) can extend more than a hundred kilometres in
diameter, with winds gusting to over 200 kph (Snowdon, 2006).
So great, in fact, is the energy released by a severe storm that it
has been estimated to exceed the total energy consumed by
mankind throughout the world in one year (Fowles, 2001).
Together with other extreme weather events, storms have been
responsible for nearly two million deaths over the last thirty
years. They also cause economic losses estimated at $US150
billion each year (World Bank, 2013). These impacts are not
restricted to the tropics. Tropical storms have been known to
reintensify as they reach New Zealand. For instance, in 1968,
Cyclone Gisele produced gusts of up to 270kph in Wellington and
led to the sinking of the ferry Wahine, with 51 fatalities (Sinclair,
2002).
• This strategy keeps the focus tightly on the
topic and helps to knit the text together.
Repetition and Variation of topic word(s)
21. Back-reference … means that each sentence
builds on the one(s) before – another example of the
‘old-new’ pattern we saw earlier.
Another effect of climate change is the increased intensity of
severe storms, as a result of higher ocean temperatures (EPA,
2016). Severe storms (variously known as hurricanes, typhoons
or cyclones) can extend more than a hundred kilometres in
diameter, with winds gusting to over 200 kph (Snowdon, 2006).
So great, in fact, is the energy released by a severe storm that it
has been estimated to exceed the total energy consumed by
mankind throughout the world in one year (Fowles, 2001).
Together with other extreme weather events, storms have been
responsible for nearly two million deaths over the last thirty
years. They also cause economic losses estimated at $US150
billion each year (World Bank, 2013). These impacts are not
restricted to the tropics. Tropical storms have been known to
reintensify as they reach New Zealand. For instance, in 1968,
Cyclone Gisele produced gusts of up to 270kph in Wellington and
led to the sinking of the ferry Wahine, with 51 fatalities (Sinclair,
2002).
22. Signpost words … highlight key ‘moves’ in the
argument (eg important links, contrasts, limitations etc)
Another effect of climate change is the increased intensity of
severe storms, as a result of higher ocean temperatures (EPA,
2016). Severe storms (variously known as hurricanes, typhoons
or cyclones) can extend more than a hundred kilometres in
diameter, with winds gusting to over 200 kph (Snowdon, 2006).
So great, in fact, is the energy released by a severe storm that it
has been estimated to exceed the total energy consumed by
mankind throughout the world in one year (Fowles, 2001).
Together with other extreme weather events, storms have been
responsible for nearly two million deaths over the last thirty
years. They also cause economic losses estimated at $US150
billion each year (World Bank, 2013). These impacts are not
restricted to the tropics. Tropical storms have been known to
reintensify as they reach New Zealand. For instance, in 1968,
Cyclone Gisele produced gusts of up to 270kph in Wellington and
led to the sinking of the ferry Wahine, with 51 fatalities (Sinclair,
2002).
23. INTERACTIVE TASK 3
Look at the paragraph about Confucian leadership on
the next slide. Four words have been missed out.
Write in the text box:
• The four missing words.
Think about:
• How the sentences flow
24. In contrast to Fayol’s pragmatic focus on management of
organisations, Confucianism focuses on the maintenance of
relationships in society as a whole (de Bettignies, Ip, Bai, Habisch &
Lenssen, 2011). Social relationships are categorised into five types:
emperor-subject, father-son, husband-wife, older-young brother,
and friend-friend (Li, 1984). Leadership is central to all of
________ relationships because society is viewed as hierarchical,
with each member typically having power over some, while being
subservient to others. The potential for _______ struggles means
that harmony is seen as a key objective in order to secure the
sustainability of the society (Ip, 2009). , in an
organisational context, leaders need to maintain a harmonious
environment in which employees willingly accept their duties (Tsui,
Wang, Xin, Zhang, & Fu, 2004) . _______ requires leaders to maintain
a delicate balance between obligations from and rewards to their
team members (Zhang, Lin, Nonoka, & Beom, 2005).
25. FEEDBACK
In contrast to Fayol’s pragmatic focus on management of
organisations, Confucianism focuses on the maintenance of
relationships in society as a whole (de Bettignies, Ip, Bai, Habisch &
Lenssen, 2011). Social relationships are categorised into five types:
emperor-subject, father-son, husband-wife, older-young brother,
and friend-friend (Li, 1984). Leadership is central to all of THESE
relationships because society is viewed as hierarchical, with each
member typically having power over some, while being subservient
to others. The potential for POWER struggles means that harmony
is seen as a key objective in order to secure the sustainability of the
society (Ip, 2009). THEREFORE, in an organisational context,
leaders need to maintain a harmonious environment in which
employees willingly accept their duties (Tsui, Wang, Xin, Zhang, & Fu,
2004).THIS requires leaders to maintain a delicate balance between
obligations from and rewards to their team members (Zhang, Lin,
Nonoka, & Beom, 2005).
26. In this session you have learnt how to:
• Make informed decisions about paragraph length
• Write effective opening sentences
• Make your writing flow
_______________________________________
SUMMARY
• Download the timetable for Study Up sessions from
the file box.
• For more advice and resources, look under
‘Academic Support’ on Stream
• I’ll be here for 15 minutes or so to answer
questions you write in the text box