This document summarizes information on common spinal conditions, their treatments, and causes. Muscle strains and ligament sprains are caused by forceful twists or pulls and are treated with rest, heat, and ice. Herniated discs have multiple potential causes and are treated initially with rest, exercises, physical therapy, or epidurals, with surgery in some severe cases. Spinal stenosis results from thickened ligaments and bones narrowing the spinal column and is treated with physical therapy, epidurals, anti-inflammatories, or surgery. Osteoarthritis develops from gradual cartilage deterioration over time and is treated with anti-inflammatories, physical therapy, exercise, and pain relief. Fibromyalgia has an unknown cause involving

2. Condition:
Muscle strains or ligamentous
sprains.
Treatment:
Rest, Heat and Ice
Cause:
Forceful twist or pull
causes muscle tear or sprain

3. Condition:
Herniated disc
Treatment:
Rest, core stabilization exercise,
physical therapy, epidurals
surgery (10% of cases)
Cause:
Multifactorial, including heavy
lifting, trauma, bad posture, and
other factors.

4. Condition:
Spinal Stenosis
Treatment:
Physical therapy, epidurals,
anti-inflammatory medicine,
surgery
Cause:
Thickening ligaments. enlarged
joints, and bony spurs cause
narrowing of spinal column

5. Condition:
Osteoarthritis
Treatment:
Anti-inflammatory medicine,
physical therapy, exercise,
weight control, pain relief
procedures.
Cause:
Gradual deterioration of spinal
cartilage and joints over time.

6. Condition:
Fibromyalgia
Treatment:
Pain medications, anti-seizure
medication, physical therapy,
weight control and healthy
diet.
Cause:
Cause unknown-rheumatic in
nature. Involves widespread soft
tissue pain.

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