The research career of Leanna Wolfe, PhD - A Presentation to the Institute for Advanced Study of Human Sexuality - January 27, 2017.

1. Leanna Wolfe, PhD
Institute for Advanced Study of Human Sexuality
January 27, 2017

2. Decision to Become an Anthropologist
When I was in the 5th grade I read
what anthropologists do in my
classroom’s Purple SRA Reader. If I
could spend my life visiting foreign
cultures and explaining their beliefs
and behaviors to others, I knew I’d be
a very happy person. I never once
deviated from this as my true calling!

3. First Culture Shock When I was 15 I lived as an
exchange student in Navolato,
a small Mexican village in the
state of Sinaloa. I considered
the family’s chickens to be pets
and when one day they wrung
the neck of one of them and
began to prepare chicken stew, I
burst out into tears. I couldn’t
eat again for a solid week. The
exchange program sent out a
counselor to try to reason with
me, but I was a hopeless wreck.

4. Early Fieldwork in Mani, Yucatan

5. First Down Under Sleep Arrangements
Yucatan Hammock Mexican Petate

6. Graduate School in New York City
Thesis: “Towards a Cross-Cultural
Understanding of Female Sexuality”

7. First Teaching Assignments
Brooklyn, NY 1980
Ramapo
College
Middlesex College
Home, Park Slope,
Brooklyn

8. First Book
 Giving Birth in New York City: A Guide to Childbirth Options, NYPIRG,
1980
Book was reviewed in the
New York Times, New York
Magazine, featured TV
segments and reprinted
three times

9. First Public Lecture on Sexuality
 Sex in the 90s: The Future of Intimacy,” Tikkun Singles Group,
Los Angeles, March 1990

10. Intimate Matters – Radio Show

11. Intimate Matters Press
While “Intimate Matters”
was on the air for less than a
year, the decision to shift
from a mainstream dating
and relationships show to
interviewing members of
alternative social and sexual
lifestyles (as a non-
judgmental anthropologist),
garnered lots of press!

12. Women Who May Never Marry
Donahue Show Guest 1995

13. Women Who May Never Marry Press
Published in 1993,
the book was
reviewed in over 80
newspapers and
Leanna was a
featured guest on
over 100 television
and radio shows
including Donahue,
Jane Whitney and
Good Day LA

14. Love Coupons…
Even more money might have
made, if there hadn’t been a
copyright infringement lawsuit
following the original title, Love
Coupons.

15. Most Widely Read Publication
“Adding a Co-Wife” was initially
published in Loving More
Magazine and Teaching
Anthropology in 1998, in the
California Anthropologist in 1999
and finally as a selection in the
reader, Annual Editions
Anthropology 2006/7.

16. Researching Polygyny in East Africa

17. Researching Polygyny in Papua New Guinea

18. Adding a Co-Wife
Leanna Wolfe
Society for Anthropology in Community Colleges, Santa Fe, NM April 17, 1998
Southwestern Anthropological Association, Fullerton, CA April 16, 1999

19. Social Conditions that
Foster Polygyny
• Demographic Gender Imbalance
• early male death resulting from war, accidents, homicide
and disease
• Social Acceptability
• 85% of the cultures of the world permit polygyny (e.g.
Woodable, Luo, Masaai, Asante, Kapauku, U.S. Mormons)
• Economics
• wealthy, often older men can afford the brideprice and
responsibility of multiple wives and their resultant
offspring

20. Luo Compound -- Main Entrance

21. Maasai Compound

22. Huli Co-Wives House

23. Enga Women with their Pigs

24. Sweet Potato Garden

25. Young Luo Polygynous Family

26. Maasai Polygynous Triad

27. Jealousy and Polygyny
• Occurs when resources can be divided unevenly
• Can happen when visiting times are unequal
• Can arise when favoritism is suspected
• Can occur when it is not chosen by the wives
• switching from monogamy to polygyny
• co-wives that don’t get along

28. Family Issues That Challenge Africans
• Husbands Who Cannot Afford Additional Wives (but take them anyway)
• Widows Who Refuse to be Inherited by Brother-in-Laws (levirate)
• Co-existence of several different marriage forms (customary polygyny,
Muslim polygyny, Christian/ Hindu monogamy, and statutory monogamy)
• First Wives who refuse to accept additional wives into their family and
attempt to return to their natal families or live on their own
• Co-Wife Competition
• Men Who Don’t Actively Parent Their Children
• Wives Who Expect Their Husbands to Provide All Financial Resources
• AIDS --focus on reproductive sex speeds its transmission

29. PhD at the Institute

30. Burning Man
2003 Participant Observer
2013 photography

31. Negotiating Pair Bonding,
Romantic Love and Jealousy
in Polyamorous Relationships*
Leanna Wolfe, Ph.D.
* Based on 2003 PhD dissertation research

32. The Hallmark of Polyamory
 Appetite for Disclosure
 Open to Hear
 Open to Share
 Safety in Knowing
 Compersion
 Positive Regard for Partners’ Extra-Relationship
Erotic/Emotional Connections

33. Polyamory and Jealousy Study*
 229 questionnaires received
 140 questionnaires evaluated
 focused on those that engaged in poly style dating
 swingers who just engage others as a couple at
sex parties were not included
 created an11-point compersion index drawing
from six compersion measures.
*Towards PhD Dissertation, “Jealousy and Transformation in
Polyamorous Relationships” Wolfe, L. 2003

34. Survey Conclusions
 Prior Social, Emotional and Sexual
Independence did not preclude
Successful Adaptation to Polyamory
 Over 70% reported that polyamory had
increased their self-esteem and their
love for their home partner
 Nearly 90% reported that being poly
had afforded a better perspective both
on themselves and on their partners.

35. Actualizing Compersion /
Negotiating Jealousy
 Developed Inner Life
 masturbation, spirituality, meditation
 Full Plate Life
 busy with work, family, lovers
 Extended Family of Choice
 Believe in Poly Ideology
 Celebrate “Starling” Relationships
 There is not just one “one”
 High Serotonin Uptake
 Fears of Loss not actualized.
 New loves did not displace/replace partners

36. The Polyamory Cultural Blur
 Limit NRE elevating experiences
 Reduces emotional spectrum
 Embrace Compersive Thinking
 Accept/Incorporate partners’ other loves
 Serial Monogamy may be practiced in slow
motion.
 Averts Dramatic Breakups / Divorce
 Engage in “Polyarmory”
 Control Partners’ Activities
 Avoid Non-Poly Romantic Engagements

37. The Real Poly Lessons
 Boundaries
 Respect partners’ needs to be connected
to others
 High intensity communication
 Dark Night of the Soul Journey
 Learning to be alone
 Self-nurturing
 Positive self identity independent from
presence/absence of lovers/partners
 Release the desire to control others

38. How the Bough Bends:
The Creation of Family, Kinship and Community by
Users of Donated Gametes
Leanna Wolfe, Ph.D.
Presentation to the American Anthropological Association
November 15, 2006

39. Who Uses Donated Gametes?
 Single Mothers by Choice (SMCs)
 17% rise in babies born to 30-44 unmarried women between
1999-2003
 Lesbian Couples
 Families with Fertility Issues
 donor sperm
 donor eggs
 donor embryos

40. Sperm Recipients vs Egg Recipients
 Single Mothers by
Choice
 Body is Normal; Life
is Abnormal
 If Fertility Challenges;
Life and Body both
feel Abnormal
 Mothers through Egg
Donation
 Life is Normal; Body
is Abnormal and for
some, Intensely
Abnormal

43. Conclusions
 Gamete seekers focus on intelligence,
personality and phenotype
 Seek “normal” gametes to create
“normal” families
 Family/Community Revolutionaries?
 Donor Sibling Registry
 DE support through conception process but
little interest in social networking for
parenting.
 New Definitions of Family and Community

44. Studying Marriage Preferences in India

45. India’s Courtship with Love Marriage

46. A personal look at India’s
Kumbha Mela
A Personal Lookat the KumbhaMela
Leanna Wolfe, Ph.D.
Allahabad, India 2007

47. Prasad(Gifts)

51. Ritual Bathing

56. Leanna Wolfe, Ph.D
Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality
November 11, 2006

57.  Research for this project came from several modalities. First it came from
teaching college level anthropology and sexuality classes in Los Angeles
classrooms where ethnicity and religion emerged as major factors in why
students behaved (or reported that they behaved) the ways that they do.
 Beginning in the summer of 2006 students enrolled “Gender Sex and Culture” at
LA Valley College and “Evolutionary Perspectives on Sex and Gender” at Cal
State LA were invited to research their own ethnic/ religious communities.
Students helped to design the survey, administered it to 10 respondents apiece,
learned how to code their data and wrote short reports explaining their
preliminary findings.
 This presentation consolidates all the student-coded data as well as comments
and interpretations offered by student researchers in their individual reports.
Many of the researchers had never before stepped back to look at their own
cultures as sexual scientists.

58.  196 Respondents
◦ 113 female
◦ 83 male
 Average Age – 21
◦ Age range 15-29
 Ethnicities
◦ 100 Hispanics
◦ 34 Asians
◦ 24 Armenians
◦ 16 Whites
◦ 12 Blacks
◦ 10 Others
HISPANIC
ARMENIAN
ASIAN
WHITE
BLACK
OTHER

59. How Culture is Used
Parental expectations are offered as a publicly expressed
cultural excuse for abstaining. For some young people this
cultural excuse protects them from engaging in sexual
exploration they fear or are uncomfortable with. For others
the cultural excuse functions as a cover-up for clandestine
behaviors. Still others are caught in the middle. They see
limited value in engaging in arranged / endogamous
marriages and yet felt stymied in regards to defying their
parents and their communities. Ultimately, culture functions
both as an excuse for maintaining distance from mainstream
practices and values as well as a protection for those whose
behaviors and activities belie their family’s expectations.

60. Culture As A Cover
No one was every going to know about it because being
Armenian having premarital sex is completely unacceptable.
Once I decided to do it I went to a tanning salon and got a
Brazilian wax for the big day. I think it’s the best thing that
has ever happened to me. I had this wonderful secret I would
run to whenever I was in need. No one knew. I was seen as
this little good girl, yet had sex every week with no strings
attached. The sex was amazing. He taught me a lot, sexually.
He was the first to go down on me. I would experience a few
orgasms every time I got with him. Because of this experience
I am so comfortable with my body—a comfort that women in
their 30s are just discovering…and I love it.
19 year old Armenian female

61.  All ethnicities seek to marry at age 27
 Armenians most seek to marry one another (83%)
while Hispanics are the least interested (20%)
 Asians have the least interest in marrying a partner
from the same religion (26%) while Armenians have
the greatest interest (87%)
 Following an unplanned pregnancy 20% would seek
an abortion, while 41% of Armenians would do so.
 Asians are most likely to be virgins (44%) and least
likely to engage in oral sex (29%)
 Hispanics are most likely to be sexually active (72%)
and to engage in oral sex (69%)

62. WHO CHEATS
AND
WHY?
Leanna Wolfe and Ava Cadell
Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality
April 10, 2010 - Palm Springs, CA

63. INTERNET SURVEY
May 2008 – April 2009 (11 months)
12 Questions
1055 completed surveys (98% completion)
Voluntary
(No financial compensation provided)
Insight into why people seek extra-relationship sex
Responses revealed differences in age and gender

64. SIGNIFICANT FINDINGS
 Males more likely to cheat
 Females more likely to report being cheated on
 < 35 most likely to cheat for attention
 > 35 most likely to cheat in pursuit of sexual variety
 Majority of cheaters contend cheating unacceptable
 72% who cheat have also been cheated on
 Males enjoy cheating more than females do
 Females who have been cheated on are more troubled
by an emotional connection
 Excitement more important to cheating males than
cheating females

65.  Males define cheating
when there is genital
contact
 Males cheat for excitement
 Males cheat to live out
their sexual fantasies
 Males believe they can get
away with cheating
Females consider emotional
connection to be cheating
Females cheat for attention
Female secret lovers find less
satisfaction
Females more likely to consider
cheating to be wrong
MALE VS FEMALE CHEATING CONCLUSIONS

66. Exploring Morocco!

67. Peeking Into Morocco’s Veiled Society

68. Dr. Leanna Wolfe
Iashs study tour, March 2013

69. With Professor Ma, the Dr. Ruth of China

70. Presenting my research paper, “Orgasm in America”

71. ORGASM IN AMERICA
New Findings on a Perpetually Explosive Topic
Leanna Wolfe, Ph.D.
Sino-US Conference of Sexology
March 7, 2013
Sponsored by Loveology University

72. Survey Overview
 27- question Internet Survey
 1,053 completed surveys (84% response rate)
 January 10, 2010 – November 12, 2011
 Sponsored by Loveology University
 28.5% of respondents from Dr. Ava Cadell
 17% of respondents from Loveology University
 54.5% of respondents from Dr. Leanna Wolfe
 Designed and Analyzed with Survey Monkey Software

73. Why do People Fake Orgasm?
 Please a partner
 Make the partner feel as if they are able to satisfy you
 Cause a no longer satisfying sex act to end
 To maintain an otherwise pleasing relationship
 To get into a desired relationship
 Issues of surrender, trust not (yet) resolved
 Unskilled partner (not yet “trained”)

74. Middle Years – The Biggest Fakers
Women (74.2%) in their middle years (30-35) may feel
the most pressure (re: family making) to fake orgasm (4%
higher than older females and 15% higher than younger
females)

75. Discussion
 Several Schools of Thought re: Women
 Women Need Direct Clitoral Stimulation to Reach Orgasm
 PV intercourse alone is often not sufficient
 Men need to realize this
 Vibrators can be incorporated into partner play
 Not just for (private) female masturbation
 Women Need to Strengthen their Pubococcygeus Muscles
through Kegel Exercises and/or using a Pelvic Toner
 Tantric Training (re: eye gazing, breathe work, self and partner
awareness) can align couples
 Sex without Orgasm can be both emotionally satisfying and
loving
 Males (and females) have very little information about how to
enhance the Male Sexual Experience…

76. Leanna Wolfe, Ph.D.
Institute for Advanced Study of Human Sexuality
Research Sponsored by Ashley Madison
Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality, April 22, 2012

77.  Anal Intercourse
 Finger insertion
 Anilingus (tongue stimulation)
 Insertion of a Butt/Anal Plug
 Vibrator Insertion
 Penetration with Dildo/Strap On
 Fisting

78. The Greeks, 510 BC

79. The Romans
Hadrian (penetrator) and Antinous (receiver)

80. The Japanese
(16th c. Shunga Print)

81. Contemporary Heterosexuals

82.  Heterosexual Anal Play is on the Rise
› 50% of those under 44 participate
› Caucasians, Hispanics and Mixed Ethnicities most likely to engage
 Finger Penetration & Anal Intercourse Most common
 Exciting most picked reason
› “Hot” and “Very Intimate” picked by Kinky people
 Frequency
› 50% do it several times/year or rarely
› 65% of Kinky people do it at least monthly
 Extra-pair reasons
› Explore with new lover - 59%
› Home partner not interested – 57%

83. Leanna Wolfe, PhD
International Academic Polyamory Conference, Berkeley, February 2014
Southern California Poly Gathering, September 2012
Network for a New Culture, Seattle, November 2012
Open New York City, New York, June 2012
BIL Conference, Long Beach March 2012
California Community College Anthropology Teachers Association, Paso Robles, January 2012
Are Polyamory and Cheating All that Different?

84. Relationship Status

85. Sexual Activities

86. Frequency of Sex with
Home Partner/Spouse

87. Happiness in
Current Relationship

88. Other Couples More Oral Sex?

89. If Partner Refuses Oral Sex…

90. If Partner Refuses Anal Play…

91. The Global Impact of the
Gender Flip on Partnering
Patterns
Leanna Wolfe, PhD
International Conference on Monogamy and Non-Monogamy, February 14, 2015
Los Angeles Sexology Associates, June 10, 2015

92. Considerations:
• Increasing numbers of women in Europe, the America’s and Asia are out-earning
men
• Marriage and partnering patterns have been and will continue to be affected
• Male/Female Eroticism is up for grabs

93. Economics of the Gender Flip
• 29% of American wives out-earn their husbands
• By 2050 71% more Americancollege educated women than men
• Similar patterns for South Korea, Japan, Singapore, Philippines, France, Chile, Ireland,
Canada, Belgium and Norway
• Hypergamy (women marrying up) is declining in the Western world
• Marrying down more common in much of the Americas and Western Europe
• 66% of births to single mothers in Iceland
• 50% in Sweden
• Not regarded as a social problem as in the U.S.

94. Asian Women
• High incidence of early 30s women are single and unlikely to marry
• 32% Japan
• 37% Taiwan
• 25% Hong Kong
• Fertility rates at an all-time low
• Taboo against unmarried childbearing
• Asian women do want to marry, but…
• Seek to marry men at their level or higher
• High earning men prefer younger non-professional wives
• Well-educated high earning women are out-migrating to Europe and the Americas

95. Globalization of Marriage
• Mail Order Brides
• South Korea
• Importation of Thai and Vietnamese women
• American men in Thailand
• Sex Vacations
• Marriage
• Spain
• Importation of rural Latin American women
• Spanish women marrying N. European men

96. Women with Money…
• Partnering Patterns Shifting
• Monogamy Questioned
• Heteronormative Marriage Optional
• Polyamory
• Poly Singles with Independent Lives
• Queen Bees
• Sex for Pleasure
• Casual Sex
• Sex parties, hook-ups
• Sex Vacations
• Caribbean Beach Boys
• Yellow Cabs
• Kink Sexualities
• Lesbian and Bisexualities

97. Male Fall Out…
• Independent Women No Longer Need Men for:
• Provisioning
• Insemination
• Protection
• No Need to Sort Out Cads from Lads
• Peter Pans
• Househusbands

98. Herpes: Folklore,
Fear & Realities
Leanna Wolfe, PhD
The Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality
November 19, 2016 – Phoenix, AZ

99. Herpes Basics
• Two types of viruses : Herpes Simplex 1 and Herpes Simplex 2
• HSV1 is typically found on the face
• HSV2 is typically found below the waist (genitals, anus, etc.)
• Fluids in Herpes sores contain the virus
• Contact with the sores can spread it to others
• Herpes can also be spread asymptomatically
• 80% of people who have herpes do not know that they have it
• 90% of the US Population has been exposed to HSV1
• By adolescence 62% of Americans are infected
• 85% of Americans over 60 are infected
• 20-30% of the US Population has genital herpes
• 50% of single US women aged 40-50 have genital herpes

100. What Does Herpes Look Like?
Oral Lesion
Genital Lesions

101. When Herpes is Serious
• Childbirth
• A baby passing through the birth canal of a symptomatic mother can be blinded,
go into a coma and potentially die.
• Lesions can be a portal for spreading HIV-AIDS

102. Herpes as a Social Problem
Prior to the 1970s cold sores were not
considered social problems. Drug
companies manufacturing remedies
needed to create a market for a
condition that had never before been
regarded as a stigmatized social
disease.

103. Time Magazine: August 1982

104. Herpes Internet Survey
• 534 Respondents
• March 2009 – November 2014
• No Funding or Sponsorship
• Voluntary Anonymous Participation
• Those “with” and “without” Herpes Invited to Participate
• Designed to Explore Fuzzy Beliefs and Practices
• 28 Questions
• Toggles for those with HSV1 and HSV2

105. Survey Demographics
• 42.9% Male
• 54.5% Female
• 2.6% Transgender
• 29% Single (US Census 27%)
• 33.5% Married (US Census 48%)
• 16.8% Living with a Lover
• 20.7% Living Separately from Partner
• 43.8% report being Herpes-free
• 56.2% report having Herpes
• 27% report having Oral Herpes (cold sores)
• 28% report having Genital Herpes (representative of U.S. Population)

107. Under a microscope the two strains look almost identical. Evolutionarily they
separated when humans started to have face-face sex. HSV1 typically remains
dormant in the nerve cells at the base of the neck, while HSV2 lodges at the
base of the spine. More than 30% of new genital infections are HSV1.

111. Conclusions
• Suppression drug therapy and stress reduction are the most common
approaches for outbreak prevention.
• While pharmaceutical therapies are used by more than half the respondents,
close to 30% do nothing to treat their lesions.
• Top safer sex practices include using barrier methods (condoms, dental dams)
and avoiding sexual contact during outbreaks. Other popular practices include
taking suppression therapy pharmaceuticals.
• So much hysteria has been created that nearly 80% of respondents would
absolutely seek to be vaccinated against herpes if it were possible.

112. Considerations…
• Doctors do not typically test for herpes as part of STI panels due to its high
concentration in the population; many people carry it without expression of lesions.
• Pharmaceutical companies created herpes as a condition that required treatment in
the early 1980s.
• HSV1 and HSV2 are nearly identical, sharing a common evolutionary history. HSV2
has been stigmatized due to America’s prudish attitudes towards sexuality.
• Dating challenges for midlife/older widows and divorcees who are new to the world
of herpes.
• One theory contends that herpes is in fact dormant in most of us and first onsets are
not caused by having contact with an infected partner, but rather by other factors
such as stress.

113. The Culture of
Cybersex and
Internet Chat
Leanna Wolfe Ph.D.
The Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality, November 18, 2016
International Conference on Monogamy and Non-Monogamy,
February 13, 2016
California Community College Anthropology Teaching Association,
January 16, 2016

114. Deception
• Females Lie to Males About….
• What They’re Doing
• What They’re Wearing
• To Keep Their Partner Happy
• To Keep the Relationship Alive
Drouin, et al (2014) Love the Way You Lie: Sexting Deception in Romantic
Relationships

115. Online Disinhibition Effect
• The Online World is not Real
• People Do Not Present as Their Real Selves
• Alterations Can Include
• Age
• Gender
• Appearance
• Sexual Proclivities
• Suler, “Online Disinhibition Effect,” (Cyber Psychology and Behavior, 2004)

116. Asynchronous
• Textual Conversations Can Take Place over Extended
Periods of Time
• Possible to Sound Highly Interested and Available
• Chatterers May In Fact Be Participating in Multiple
Simultaneous Conversations
• May Engender a “Popcorn Brain”
• Reduced Attention Span

117. Age Role Play
• Co-Create a Fantasy
• Play as if a “Boy” or a “Girl”
• Implications Might Include
• Parental Restrictions
• Homework
• Search for Guidance from a Savvy Daddy
• Real Boys and Girls Are
• Under 18
• Would NEVER REVEAL their Real Age

118. De-Masking
• Effort to Uncover Who is in Fact Behind the Screen
• Request Photographs
• Attempt Phone Conversation
• Arrange an In-Person Meeting

119. Blocking vs Offers
• “Offers” Encourage Conversation
• Blocking Kills the “Scene”
• The Ultimate Block Ends All Contact
• Accepting an “Offer” Enlarges the Scene
• Falling Offline is de riguer for Internet Chat Amongst
Uncommitted Strangers

120. Online Dating
• Matching becomes so efficient and the process so enjoyable
that marriage could become uninteresting
• Threaten Dreams of Monogamy by offering up endless
possible others to choose from
• Perusing more interesting than settling with one
• Easy to land a first date…and ever so difficult to get to a second
one

121. Match.com

122. OK Cupid…Offers
More Dates One “Might Like”

123. What Dating Apps Provide
• Immediate Gratification Hookups
• For “this moment”
• Quick Connection
• No Waiting
• GPS Enabled
• Immediate Proximity

124. A Brief History of Sexting

125. Erotic Cave Paintings

126. Ancient Hindu Erotica

127. Calculator Spells “BOOBS”

128. Polaroid Cameras
(No more censorship of personal photos)

129. Picture Phones!!

130. Tiger Woods’ 2009
Sexting Scandal

131. Anthony Weiner’s
Politics of Sexting

132. Why Text/Sext is
So Interesting
• Personal
• Kicks up dopamine levels
• Can co-create a personal pornography
• Conveys Immediacy and Importance
• Email has become largely impersonal spam
• Transmits information efficiently
• Locations, Times, Particulars
• Easy to include photos
• Especially fun and suggestive one
• Last bastion for originality
• Assistants can be hired to tweet and post to Facebook, but for most of us texting is our own business

133. When a Text is
More Interesting…

134. Texting in Bed

135. Sext Fantasy Role Play
• Discuss activities that could happen
• Some never will…just shared fantasy
• Safe arena to explore and tantalize
• Share suggestive photos
• Co-create possible moments and scenes
• Discover common interests
• Uncover new possibilities

136. The Downsides
• Loss of in-person social skills
• Less need to be articulate, focused or even interested
• “Sup” and “Hey” don’t require much interest or initiative
• Pressure to respond quickly to texts
• Little space to contemplate and sincerely reflect and share

137. Conclusions
• Social Media Enables Easy Access to Potential
Partners
• Texting/Sexting Popular Medium for Erotic
Negotiation
• Fantasy Role Play
• Age Play by Consenting Adults (over 18)
• Assess Common Interests
• Co-Created Personal Pornography
• Can Exit/Block Easily
• Mutual Interest/Pleasure Required to Continue

138. Teaching and researching
sexual assault
Dr. Leanna Wolfe
California Community College Anthropology Teaching Association
January 14, 2017

139. Overview
• Anthropological Perspectives on Gender and Violence
• Yanomamo
• Inuit
• Sexual Violence in India and Pakistan Today
• Rape in India
• Turbulent Protests and Conversations
• US Media Conversations
• Brock Turner, Stanford student convicted for rape
• Donald Trump’s Groping Exposed
• The Hunting Ground
• Uncovering my Family Story of Sexual Violence
• Deciding to Join a Conversation I’d spent my Professional Life Avoiding
• Sexual Assault Research
• Preliminary Findings

140. Traditional Inuit
women would live in
a quiet and sleepy
way with little self-
direction. Only
when their hunting
husbands returned
home to the family
igloo, would they
spring into action to
make tea and cook
full meals.

141. Yanomami women live
in a patriarchal and
violent Amazonian
jungle culture. If they
attempt to run away
from their home
villages they typically
are raped when seeking
refuge in neighboring
villages.

142. Winner of 2016 Oscar
for best documentary
short follows the
survivor of a Pakistani
Honor Killing. The
subject ultimately
forgives her father
and his brothers for
attempting to murder
her.

143. Protestors in India
seek justice
following the
internationally
publicized rape of a
young woman on a
bus.

144. 2015 Documentary
Film exposes
frequency of rape
on US college
campuses

145. Brock Turner, a Stanford
student and athlete, is
given a very short jail
sentence for raping an
intoxicated unconscious
woman at a frat party in
Jan. 2015. During the
Spring 2016 trial, the
victim’s statement goes
viral while Turner’s father
refers to the rape as “20
minutes of action.” Turner
serves just 3 months in
jail.

146. Sexual Assault becomes part of the
national conversation in Fall 2016
when Presidential Candidate
Donald Trump is shown in a 2005
news clip bragging about groping
attractive women.

147. International Women’s march

148. My family story
My
Mother
at 11
Perpetrator,
her older
brother

149. My mother at 14 with her two
sisters (who were not
molested) and her mother.

150. My Mother
ultimately
emerged as a
beautiful woman
who did all she
could to stuff
away her
childhood abuse.

151. Survey: What is sexual assault?
• Voluntary Internet Survey
• In Progress – Launched October 2016
• 167 Respondents
• 71% female; 29% male

152. Activities Considered Sexual harassment

153. Incidence of Sexual Harassment

154. Incidence of sexual assault

155. Incidence of rape

156. Rape definitions

157. Changing views on consent
• Seduction requires converting a “No” into a “Maybe” and then into a “Yes”
(150+ moves, Warren Farrell, Why Men are the Way They Are (1986)
• Rape Myths
• Women who Dress Provocatively
• Leave a Party with a Guy
• False Accusations Are Common
• Consent Training
• “No Means No” shifts to “Yes Means Yes”
• Presumes Immediate Interest in full on sex…
• Must all consent be verbal?

158. What “no means no” means

159. What “yes means yes” implies

160. TAKE THE SURVEY!
https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/WhatisSexualAssault

161. DR. LEANNA WOLFE
• http://wisewomansexandrelationshipconsulting.com/
• http://drleannawolfe.com/
• (323) 717-6167