Key Data About the Swiss Pension SystemMarco Vinci
Key Data About the Swiss Pension System
Knowledge for getting the most from advinda Premium’s goCH&A Pension & Insurance Investor Intelligence Package
The pension system in Switzerland has three pillars:
- mandatory basic state insurance scheme,
- mandatory second pillar: occupational pensions and
- private (voluntary) pensions
The compulsory second pillar system means Switzerland is one of the few countries where the three pillars contribute almost equally to old-age income.
Key Data About the Swiss Pension SystemMarco Vinci
Key Data About the Swiss Pension System
Knowledge for getting the most from advinda Premium’s goCH&A Pension & Insurance Investor Intelligence Package
The pension system in Switzerland has three pillars:
- mandatory basic state insurance scheme,
- mandatory second pillar: occupational pensions and
- private (voluntary) pensions
The compulsory second pillar system means Switzerland is one of the few countries where the three pillars contribute almost equally to old-age income.
Running head ETHICAL CONTRIBUTIONS 1 (Including a Runni.docxsusanschei
Running head: ETHICAL CONTRIBUTIONS 1
(Including a Running head and page numbers help to keep your assignment organized.)
Are Contributions to Political Campaigns Ethical?
Joanna Student
SOC120: Introduction to Ethics & Social Responsibility (Course Section)
Week 5 Final Paper
Dr. Ashford Instructor
July, 1, 20XX
Sticky Note
Please be sure to note the format for the final paper. This paper contains a an organized heading, a succinct and relevant title, page numbers and a running header.
ETHICAL CONTRIBUTIONS 2
Ethical Contributions to Political Campaigns
A question that comes up frequently in political discussions is whether organizations like
corporations have too much influence over the political landscape today. Corporations have
many resources through which to effect political change, including lobbyists, quid pro quo back
door arrangements and campaign contributions. Because these funds can have a large influence
on who wins elections and the legislation that politicians support, it is important for an educated
citizenry to be aware of these contributions, and to consider their ethical implications. I will
argue that from the utilitarian perspective, indirect contributions to political campaigns by
organizations like corporations and unions can be ethical and should be allowed so long as there
are sufficient regulations in place to prevent undue harm that might result from giving large
organizations too much influence over the political process. I will contrast this view with that of
ethical egoism, which would argue that such contributions are ethical inasmuch as they allow
corporations to pursue their own long term interests.
According to the Federal Elections Commission (2004), "The Federal Election Campaign
Act (the Act) places monetary limits on contributions to support candidates for federal office and
prohibits contributions from certain sources." However, corporations are allowed to create
separate bank accounts and then make donations from these accounts to political campaigns as
long as they are not connected directly to the operation of the business. Regarding this type of
donation, the FEC (2004) stated that, "Contributions may…be made from separate segregated
funds (also called political action committees or PACs) established by corporations, labor
organizations, national banks, and incorporated membership organizations.” In other words,
corporations can set up PACs that in turn give large amounts of money to support candidates.
Because these funds can have a large influence on who wins elections and the legislation that
Sticky Note
This section includes a comprehensive introduction and a clear thesis statement that effectively reflects the argument of the paper and links the chosen ethical theories and perspective to the chosen social issue.
Sticky Note
Government websites can be useful sources of information. Consider using info ...
Workfare versus Welfare: Incentive Arguments for Work Requirements in Poverty...Ziaullah Mirza
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American Economic Association
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Stimulating old-age savings under incomplete rationalityGRAPE
Fully rational agents respond to old-age savings incentives with complete crowing out, hence any effects of such incentives stem from second order general equilibrium adjustments. However, agents facing constraints in obtaining optimal savings profiles experience also first order effects, i.e. substantial changes to the lifetime profiles of assets accumulation. We develop a fully-fledged overlapping generations model with intra-cohort heterogeneity. In addition to fully rational agents, each generation has also agents with other types of preferences. In this economy we introduce a variety of tax incentivized old-age savings schemes with endogenous participation. We analyze macroeconomic and welfare effects of such instruments.
A Foundation Grants program is the base of every philanthropy program. An organization constructs its case for support which acts as the main commercial for the organization. Prospect research, planning and communications are also discussing in this presentation.
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Building on ILC-UK’s extensive work on older consumers and on retirement income, this major research report assesses the differences between theory or popular belief about retirement and the reality of it.
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How altruistic and social pressure motivation drive giving by the wealthy in the United States and the Netherlands - ISTR Conference, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Running head ETHICAL CONTRIBUTIONS 1 (Including a Runni.docxsusanschei
Running head: ETHICAL CONTRIBUTIONS 1
(Including a Running head and page numbers help to keep your assignment organized.)
Are Contributions to Political Campaigns Ethical?
Joanna Student
SOC120: Introduction to Ethics & Social Responsibility (Course Section)
Week 5 Final Paper
Dr. Ashford Instructor
July, 1, 20XX
Sticky Note
Please be sure to note the format for the final paper. This paper contains a an organized heading, a succinct and relevant title, page numbers and a running header.
ETHICAL CONTRIBUTIONS 2
Ethical Contributions to Political Campaigns
A question that comes up frequently in political discussions is whether organizations like
corporations have too much influence over the political landscape today. Corporations have
many resources through which to effect political change, including lobbyists, quid pro quo back
door arrangements and campaign contributions. Because these funds can have a large influence
on who wins elections and the legislation that politicians support, it is important for an educated
citizenry to be aware of these contributions, and to consider their ethical implications. I will
argue that from the utilitarian perspective, indirect contributions to political campaigns by
organizations like corporations and unions can be ethical and should be allowed so long as there
are sufficient regulations in place to prevent undue harm that might result from giving large
organizations too much influence over the political process. I will contrast this view with that of
ethical egoism, which would argue that such contributions are ethical inasmuch as they allow
corporations to pursue their own long term interests.
According to the Federal Elections Commission (2004), "The Federal Election Campaign
Act (the Act) places monetary limits on contributions to support candidates for federal office and
prohibits contributions from certain sources." However, corporations are allowed to create
separate bank accounts and then make donations from these accounts to political campaigns as
long as they are not connected directly to the operation of the business. Regarding this type of
donation, the FEC (2004) stated that, "Contributions may…be made from separate segregated
funds (also called political action committees or PACs) established by corporations, labor
organizations, national banks, and incorporated membership organizations.” In other words,
corporations can set up PACs that in turn give large amounts of money to support candidates.
Because these funds can have a large influence on who wins elections and the legislation that
Sticky Note
This section includes a comprehensive introduction and a clear thesis statement that effectively reflects the argument of the paper and links the chosen ethical theories and perspective to the chosen social issue.
Sticky Note
Government websites can be useful sources of information. Consider using info ...
Workfare versus Welfare: Incentive Arguments for Work Requirements in Poverty...Ziaullah Mirza
Workfare versus Welfare: Incentive Arguments for Work
Requirements in Poverty - Alleviation Programs
American Economic Association
BESLEYANDC OATE:W ORKFARVES . WELFARE
THE AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW
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Fully rational agents respond to old-age savings incentives with complete crowing out, hence any effects of such incentives stem from second order general equilibrium adjustments. However, agents facing constraints in obtaining optimal savings profiles experience also first order effects, i.e. substantial changes to the lifetime profiles of assets accumulation. We develop a fully-fledged overlapping generations model with intra-cohort heterogeneity. In addition to fully rational agents, each generation has also agents with other types of preferences. In this economy we introduce a variety of tax incentivized old-age savings schemes with endogenous participation. We analyze macroeconomic and welfare effects of such instruments.
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RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
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short interfering RNA (siRNA)
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Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
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MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
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Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
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Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
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DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
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MiRNA:
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How do donors and organizations react on changes in government subsidies? A test of crowding-out in the Dutch voluntary sector
1. How do donors and organizations react
on changes in government subsidies?
Arjen de Wit
Philanthropic Studies, VU University Amsterdam
Annual Sociology Meeting 2015 / Dag van de Sociologie 2015
A test of crowding-out in the Dutch voluntary sector
2. Shifting policies
Budget cuts
'Big Society' (UK)
'Do-democracy' (Netherlands)
'Participation society' (Netherlands)
What are the consequences for non-profits?
4. The crowding-out hypothesis
“For every welfare state, if social obligations become
increasingly public, then its institutional arrangements
crowd out private obligations or make them at least no
longer necessary”
(Van Oorschot and Arts 2005: 2)
Alexis de Tocqueville
1840
Robert Nisbet
1953
Milton Friedman
1962
6. Valid testing?
Laboratory experiments in which
undergraduate students don't decide over
their own money, are aware of participating in
research and have full information
Aggregate measures of non-profit revenue
sources
7. Why would we expect crowding-out?
Individuals: altruism
– But do they actually know about
(changing) subsidies? (Horne et al. 2005)
Organizations: fundraising strategies
– But how do organizations use extra
revenues?
8. The current data
The Giving in the Netherlands Panel
Survey (GINPS)
– n = 1,879
Central Bureau on Fundraising (CBF)
– 17 organizations
Newspaper articles through LexisNexis