Modern humans originated in Africa and spread to other parts of the world around 35,000 years ago, while Neanderthals evolved in Europe and western Asia. Both species used tools and fire, built shelters, and buried their dead. However, modern humans had larger brains and formed larger social groups, which helped them outcompete Neanderthals. As modern human populations increased in Europe, they interbred with but ultimately replaced Neanderthals, who went extinct around 30,000 years ago.

1. How did we survive and the
Neanderthals die

2. The Modern Human
 Modern humans came from Africa and spread out to the other parts of the world.
 Current data suggest modern human were from Omo region in Ethiopia.
 Modern human did not interbreed with the archaic population as they were
spreading.
 Humans appeared in Europe 35000 years ago.
 Compared to Neanderthals modern Humans had more delicate skeleton and they
had large brains.
 Same appearance as neanderthals
 scientists have discovered that they used tools, buried their dead and controlled fire.
 Mitochondrial DNA shows differences between Humans and Neanderthals.
 The first fossils of modern human were found in France and fossils had same
appearance as we have.
 Modern human do not have true type specimen.
 They spent most of their days hunting and gathering plants.
 Bigger brains also helped them survive and the could make big communities.
 They lived in shelters too.
 They built broad social network and exchanged resources.
 And in later years they were whole over the world

3. The Neanderthals
 Physical appearance.
 • Large middle part of the face
 • Angled cheek bones
 • Huge nose
 • Shorter and stockier bodies
 • Elongated brain
 • Their chest was v shaped
 Colder climates.
 • Their short and stockier bodies made it easier for the Neanderthals to adapt winter
 • Their lower arm and legs bones making up a very strong compact body. Their body conserves
heat, allowing them to withstand living in cold climates during ice age.

4.  Basic needs.
 • They controlled fire
 • Lived in shelters
 • Wore clothing
 • Skilled hunters (killing mammoths and other large animals)
 • They ate plants and they were good at hunting during seasons
 • Symbolic, ornamental objects
 • Buried their dead marked graves with offerings
 Tools.
 • Symbolic, ornamental objects
 • Buried their dead, marked graves with offerings
 • They made tools such as flint , axel and spears(made spears using sharp stones for hunting)


5. How did the neantherlas die out
 Neanderthals became overwhelmed by the increased population of Modern
Humans. Neanderthals stayed in Europe, however the Modern Human traveled
more from Africa to Europe. Africa was like pump, pushing more and more people
into Europe. The Neanderthal’s became trown into the Modern Human coulters.
 We don’t have evidence of direct combat between the two species, but we know
they interacted, because they interbred. Some would say Neanderthals didn’t go
extinct, because everyone alive today whose ancestry is from outside of Africa
(where Neanderthals never lived) carries a little bit of Neanderthal DNA in their
genes.