3. Key processes during the
post-harvest- life :
• Respiration
•
• Transpiration
•
• Ethylene production
• Maturity process
4. The primary objective of postharvest
handling is to maintain quality by :
• Reducing metabolic rates
• Reducing water loss
• Minimizing bruising, friction damage, and other
mechanical injuries
• Preventing development of freezing injury or
physiological disorders, such as chilling injury or
senescent disorders
5. • Reducing spoilage caused by decay, and
preventing contamination by human pathogens
that can cause food poisoning.
• It should be designed with venting.
Satisfying everyone from grower to consumer
6. packaging serves four main functions
• Containment
• Protection and Preservation
• Convenience
• Communication
7. Types of packaging material used for
horticulture produce
• Natural materials
• Wood boxes
• Cardboard boxes
• Plastic containers
• Natural and Synthetic fibers
• Paper or plastic bags
• Map
9. Advantages Disadvantages
• Easy to obtain the raw
material
• Low cost
• Difficult to clean
• Difficult to load because of
their shape
• Easy to bend
• Cause injuries to food product
10. Wood packaging
• Loosely stacked to allow for air circulation, or
are bulging and difficult to stack evenly, they
must be secured (unitized) to prevent shifting
during handling and transit
11. Advantages Disadvantages
• Rigid and reusable
• Stack well
• Provide air ventilation
• Difficult to clean
• Heavy
• Costly to transport
• Have sharp edges
• Require some form of liner
12. Natural and synthetic fiber ,bags or
sacks
• Good ventilation is particularly beneficial to some F n V.
Like onions , potatoes, sweet corn, cabbages etc.
16. • Paper bags are permeable to
water
• Offer almost no protection
from injury caused by
mishandling
• Plastic bags retain moisture,
when temperature changes
water build up can lead to
decay
Disadvantages
18. Advantages Disadvantages
• Lightweight and clean
• Wide range of sizes
• Easy to label
• Easily worn out
• Falls apart in wet and humid
conditions
• Non-reusable
• May be very expensive for a
small operation
20. • Pros :
Available in different sizes
Can be reused
Easy to clean
21. Modified atmosphere packaging
• MAP : Optimal blend of
pure oxygen, carbon
dioxide and nitrogen with
high barrier or permeable
package , it is developed to
meet the specific
respiration needs.
22. Polymeric film packages
The film material "breathes" at a rate necessary to
maintain the correct mix of oxygen, carbon
dioxide, and water vapor inside the bag.
23. Factors and related variables involved in the design
process of PM-MAP system.
Extrinsic factors
Package-related
Film thickness
Film surface area for gases
exchange
Volume of the package
Number of micro perforations
Diameter of micro perforation
Film permeability
Factors Variables
24. Surrounding
Intrinsic factors (produce-
related g-related
Gas composition
Temperature
Atmospheric pressure
Produce mass
Produce density
Respiration rate
Desired equilibrium gases
composition
25. International Journal of Managing Value and Supply Chains (IJMVSC) Vol. 6, No. 2, June 2015
ISSUES AND CHALLENGES IN THE SUPPLY
CHAIN OF FRUITS & VEGETABLES SECTOR
IN INDIA: A REVIEW
Saurav Negi(1) and Neeraj Anand(2)
1Doctoral Research Fellow, Centre for Continuing Education, University of Petroleum
and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India
2Professor and Head (LSCM & Operations), College of Management and Economic
Studies, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India
OBJECTIVE :
•To identify the factors affecting supply chain of Fruits & Vegetables sector
in India.
• To suggest mitigation strategies for the identified challenges in Supply
Chain of Fruits &Vegetables sector in India
26.
27. Issues and Challenges in the Supply
Chain of Fruits and Vegetables in India
• Cold Chain issues
• Fragmentation issues
• Integration issues
• Infrastructure issues
• Packaging issues
28. • Financial issues
• Technological issues
• Farmer's Knowledge and Awareness
• Quality issues
• Processing and Value addition issues
• Post-harvest losses issues
• Transportation issues
30. Conclusion
• India incurs Rs 2 trillion/year post harvest loss of
fruits and vegetables.(times of India).
• As Indian economy is based on agriculture.
• There is a need to develop proper supply chain
models which may play an important role in
increasing the shelf life and in turn reduce the losses
and wastages in F&V, increase in farmer income,
generate employments opportunities for the local
peoples, and improve the livelihood of the farmers
which leads to the development of Indian
