Energy efficiency improvements can provide multiple macroeconomic benefits: 1. They act as a hedge against volatility in fossil fuel prices, stabilizing economies and inflation rates. Analysis shows a $10 rise in oil prices leads to a 0.94% decline in GDP for oil importing nations. 2. Energy efficiency investments can help reduce unemployment through job creation. Estimates find meeting EU 2020 targets could create 2 million jobs, and improvements in buildings could generate 2.59 million jobs by 2030. 3. Lower energy bills from efficiency boost disposable income and economic demand. Addressing "fuel poverty" also yields health and economic benefits since the fuel poor suffer health issues from cold homes.