Academic Presentation!!

1. PRESENTING BY
MD. AHSANUL MOBIN
1721048
DEPT. OF TEXTILE ENGINEERING, KUET
PRESENTING TO
MONIRUZZAMAN
ASST. PROFESSOR
DEPT. OF TEXTILE ENGINEERING, KUET

2. TELIGATI WATER IS BADLY IN NEED OF
ULTRAFILTRATION!!
SO, WHAT IS THE SOLUTION??
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HOLLOW FIBER
FUNDAMENTALS

5. • THE PRACTICAL EQUIPMENT WHERE THE ACTUAL MEMBRANE-
BASED SEPARATION OCCURS IS KNOWN AS MEMBRANE MODULES.
• IN ORDER TO APPLY MEMBRANES ON A TECHNICAL SCALE, LARGE
MEMBRANE AREAS ARE REQUIRED.
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MEMBRANE MODULE
CROSS SECTION OF HOLLOW FIBER

6. • HOLLOW FIBER MEMBRANES (HFMS) ARE A CLASS OF ARTIFICIAL
MEMBRANES CONTAINING A SEMI-PERMEABLE BARRIER IN THE FORM OF
A HOLLOW FIBER.
• EACH FILAMENT IS VERY NARROW IN DIAMETER AND VERY FLEXIBLE.
• DIMENSIONS: 50 MM INTERNAL DIAMETER AND 100 TO 200 MM OUTER
DIAMETER.
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HOLLOW FIBER MEMBRANE
CROSS SECTION OF HOLLOW FIBER

7. MEMBRANE FILTERS OR "MEMBRANES" ARE MICROPOROUS PLASTIC FILMS WITH SPECIFIC PORE SIZE RATINGS.
ALSO KNOWN AS SCREEN, SIEVE, OR MICROPOROUS FILTERS. MEMBRANES RETAIN PARTICLES OR
MICROORGANISMS LARGEN THAN THEIR PORE SIZE PRIMARILY BY SURFACE CAPTURE.
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WHAT IS MEMBRANE FILTERS?

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MAIN INGREDIENTS
CELLULOSE ACETATE AND CUPRAMMONIUM RAYON ARE THE WIDELY USED CELLULOSE-BASED HOLLOW FIBERS,
WHILE SYNTHETIC HOLLOW FIBERS ARE OFTEN MADE FROM POLYSULFONE, POLYAMIDE, AND
POLYACRYLONITRILE.
POLYAMIDE
CELLULOSE ACETATE
POLYACRYLONITRILE
POLYSULFONE

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FIBER FORMATION

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SCHEMATIC PROCESS CELLULOSE HOLLOW
FIBERS BY WET SPINNING PROCESS
AT FIRST SOLID POLYMER AND THE SUITABLE SOLVENT IS
DISSOLVED IN A SOLUTION VESSEL.
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THE SOLUTION IS THEN HEATED IN THE HEAT EXCHANGER.
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THE SOLUTION IS PASSED/EXTRUDED TO THE SPINNERET
WHICH IS IMMERSED IN A COAGULATION BATH/SPIN BATH
BY THE PUMP.
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THE POLYMER IS CHEMICALLY REGENERATED AND IT IS
CONVERTED INTO THE FILAMENT OF SOLID FORM.
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THE FILAMENT IS CONVERGED AND WOUND ON THE
BOBBIN.
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THE WENDED FILAMENT IS THEN DRAWN AND FINALLY, IT
IS WASHED & DRIED AND IS ALSO WOUND ON A SUITABLE
PACKAGE.
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DELIVERY

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CLASSIFICATION

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BASED ON STRUCTURE
MAINLY TWO TYPES OF MEMBRANE CONFIGURATION ARE THERE:
• FLAT
• TUBULAR
PLATE-AND-FRAME AND SPIRAL WOUNDS INVOLVE FLAT MEMBRANES.
TUBULAR AND HOLLOW FIBER ARE BASED ON TUBULAR MEMBRANE CONFIGURATION.

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BASED ON FUNCTIONING
• SELF-CONTAINED TYPE:
THE MOST COMMON MODULE TYPE FOR UF AND MEMBRANES IS THE SELF-CONTAINED (OR HOUSED)
MEMBRANE MODULE WHERE FEED WATER IS PUMPED THROUGH THE HOUSING. ALL FEED,
CONCENTRATE, AND FILTRATE PIPING CONNECTIONS ARE INTEGRAL TO THE MODULE.
2. OPEN IMMERSION TYPE:
THE OPEN IMMERSION-TYPE MODULES ARE PLACED INTO THE FEED WATER TANK WITH THE MEMBRANE
EXPOSED.

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MODULE STRUCTURE

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SHELL SIDE FEED DESIGN
• IN THE SHELL-SIDE FEED DESIGN, A LOOP OR CLOSED
BUNDLE OF FIBERS IS CONTAINED IN A PRESSURE
VESSEL.
• THE SYSTEM IS PRESSURIZED FROM THE SHELL SIDE,
AND THE PERMEATE PASSES THROUGH THE FIBER WALL
AND EXITS THROUGH THE OPEN FIBER ENDS.
• BECAUSE THE FIBER WALL MUST SUPPORT
CONSIDERABLE HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE, THE FIBERS
USUALLY HAVE SMALL DIAMETERS AND THICK WALLS.

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BORE SIDE FEED DESIGN
• IN THE BORE-SIDE FEED DESIGN, THE FIBERS ARE OPEN AT BOTH ENDS AND THE FEED IS CIRCULATED
THROUGH THE BORE (ANNULUS AREA) OF THE FIBERS.
• TO MINIMIZE PRESSURE, DROP INSIDE THE FIBERS, THE DIAMETER IS USUALLY LARGER THAN THOSE
OF THE FINE FIBERS USED IN THE SHELL-SIDE FEED DESIGN.

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REGENERATION

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AIR SCOURING
• THE INJECTION OF AIR CAUSES HIGH TURBULENCE ON THE FIBERS LEADING TO THE REMOVAL OF
SOLIDS FROM THE MEMBRANE SURFACE.
• THUS THE CAKE LAYER IS REMOVED FROM THE FIBERS.
• WATER ENTERS THROUGH THE FEED INLET AND LEAVES THROUGH THE REJECT OUTLET.
• THUS THE SOLID PARTICLES ARE TAKEN AWAY WITH IT REGENERATING THE MEMBRANE MODULE.
• PERMEATE ENTERS THROUGH THE PERMEATE OUTLET AND LEAVES THROUGH THE REJECT OUTLET.
• THUS THE SOLID PARTICLES ARE TAKEN AWAY WITH IT REGENERATING THE MEMBRANE MODULE.
• THE LOSS OF PERMEATE DURING BACKFLUSHING IS VERY LOW AND HARDLY AFFECTS THE NET
PERMEATE FLOW.
FORWARD FLUSH
BACK FLUSH

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ELECTRIC FIELD
• BY APPLYING AN ELECTRIC FIELD ACROSS A MEMBRANE, CHARGED PARTICLES OR MOLECULES WILL
MIGRATE IN THE DIRECTION OF THE ELECTRIC FIELD.
• ELECTRICAL CLEANING CAN BE APPLIED WITHOUT INTERRUPTING THE PROCESS AND THE ELECTRIC
FIELD IS APPLIED AT CERTAIN TIME INTERVALS
• THE SIMULTANEOUS COMBINATION OF BACKFLUSH AND AIR SCOURING
BACKFLUSH WITH AIR SCOURING

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BENEFITS & APPLICATION

21. • HOLD-UP VOLUME OF THE HOLLOW FIBER MODULE IS THE HIGHEST, FOLLOWED BY PLATE
AND FRAME, SPIRAL WOUND, TUBULAR, AND ROTATING DISC/CYLINDER MODULE.
• THE SINGLE GREATEST ADVANTAGE OF HOLLOW-FIBER MODULES IS THE ABILITY TO PACK A
VERY LARGE MEMBRANE AREA INTO A SINGLE MODULE.
• FOR EXAMPLE, IN 8-INCH DIAMETER, 40-INCH LONG SPIRAL-WOUND MODULE WOULD
CONTAIN ABOUT 20 - 40 METER SQUARE OF MEMBRANE AREA. THE EQUIVALENT HOLLOW -
FIBER MODULE FILLED WITH FIBERS OF 100- MM DIAMETER, WILL CONTAIN APPROXIMATELY
600 M2 OF MEMBRANE AREA.
• THE INVESTMENT IS LOW.
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MAIN ADVANTAGES

22. • HOLLOW FIBER MODULES ARE VERY SUSCEPTIBLE TO FOULING AND
ARE DIFFICULT TO CLEAN
• PRETREATMENT OF THE FEED STREAM IS MOST IMPORTANT IN
HOLLOW FIBER SYSTEMS
• A FIBER INNER DIAMETER VARIATION LEADS TO A FLOW RATE
VARIATION THAT CAN DRAMATICALLY REDUCE MODULE
PERFORMANCE
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DISADVANTAGES

23. • WASTEWATER TREATMENT PROCESS
• DRINKING WATER TREATMENT PROCESS
• HOLLOW FIBER DIALYSER
• MEMBRANE OXYGENATOR
• ARTIFICIAL LUNGS
• ARTIFICIAL KIDNEY
• PERVAPORATION OF LIQUIDS
• GAS SEPERATION.
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APPLICATION

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RESOURCES

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• HOLLOW FIBRE - AN OVERVIEW | SCIENCEDIRECT TOPICS
• HOLLOW FIBER MEMBRANES | SCIENCEDIRECT
• CARBON HOLLOW FIBER MEMBRANES FOR A MOLECULAR SIEVE WITH
PRECISE-CUTOFF ULTRAMICROPORES FOR SUPERIOR HYDROGEN
SEPARATION | NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
• HOLLOW FIBER MEMBRANES (SYNDERFILTRATION.COM)
• HOLLOW FIBRE ULTRAFILTRATION SYSTEM - YOUTUBE
• CERAMIC HOLLOW FIBER MEMBRANE FILTRATION - YOUTUBE