History of Pakistan from the start till independence. From the attack of Muhammad Bin Qasim on the Sindh, till the independence of Pakistan.

2. ASSINMENT
SUMMITED TO:
SIR USMAN
SUBMITED BY:
SADIA AKRAM
SANDUS BASHIR
SUBJECT:
PAK. STUDY
DEPARTMENT:
BS CHEMISTRY 3RD

3. HISTROY OF PAKISTAN’s independence
CONTENTS:
The Land Its Early History
The Coming Of ISLAM
The Mughal Period
The Trade Company Wars
The Raj Era
Road To Independence
 The Challenges Of Independence

4. The Land And Its History
ituated in the Northwest corner of the Indian Subcontinent
“The Islamic Republic Of Pakistan” occupies a position of historic
importance. Its Culture and History has been enriched by countless
invaders, travelers, settlers who had been a part of region past.
Some Like,
o Alexander the great and his Army
o Arab armies who spread Islam
oThe British who imposed the ways of west
This is the land where Indus civilization was built, the
Hinduism was born. It is the land where Buddha received
enlightenment, a founding religion and philosophy that
transformed the region.

5. The Coming Of Islam
(700-1526)
From the starting of 7th century Arabs started trading in this region. In 710 a
news reached Arabia that a ship is captured by pirates ,stolen goods and crew
members and passengers imprisoned. After two fails, Arabs sent Muhammad
Bin Qasim to fought against pirates and Sindh rulers. He Won and Islam Started
Spreading in this Region.
Other victories were;
• 726 Tibet Valley
• 738 Thar Desert
• Muhammad of Ghazni reached Islam to Northern India
• Ghaznivids won against Jaypalal
• 1179 Peshawar
• 1186 Lahore
• In 1500 many Independent Muslim States arisen like Multan,Gugrat.

6. The Mughal Period (1526-1747)
The Mughal Empire marked high point in the History of subcontinent.
Mughal ruled subcontinent form 350 years. The peak of Mughal empire was till 1747.
Zahir-ud-Din Muhammad, Babur, the Mongol conqueror.
In 1519 he moved toward subcontinent and in 1526 he
Conquered it with the battle of Panipat. Babur died in 1530
At the age of 47.
Other main Mughal rulers;
 Humyun (1508-1556)
 Akbar (1556-1605)
 Jahangir (1605-1627)
 Shah Jhan (1627-1657)
 Aurangzaib (1658-1707)
The Mughal Empire ended in 1857 by the defeat of
Bahaur Shah Zafur.

7. The Trade Company Wars
(1748-1858)
European powers had take control of the Asian trade routes that bypassed the
Arabs. The British sought to establish a larder for the resource starved home land
and to block competing European powers from establishing footholds if the trade
in this region.
The British established there dominate power by defeating Mughal
forces at the battle of Plassey in Bengal in 1757.
Though the Mughal empire ruled a whole century by there power and
land started decreasing slowly and British Trading rulers were dominating.
With the decrease in the power of Mughal local tribes tried to free its
territories from Mughals . Here British traders took advantage and helped tribes
on some circumstances.
So till the Mid Nineteenth century subcontinent had hundreds of small kingdoms.

8. The Raj Era (1858-1906)
Soon the people of subcontinent realized the way how the British made
there rule over the subcontinent . They were very angry and they planned s
war against EIC (east India company).
They lost the war and The Raj Era of British started. Hindu leaders
turned there back in the war. British took there revenge from Muslims of the
subcontinent . The Muslims didn’t wanted to accept there reforms while
Hindus accepted . So as a result Muslims remained backward in every field .
Some of the great people worked for
the welfare of the Muslims . Sir Sayed Ahmed
khan made many reforms for the enhancement
of education of Muslims. He opened schools
In many places of the subcontinent.

9. With the inability of Indian and British
institutions to protect the rights of the Muslim
minority, many politically active Muslims saw a
divided subcontinent with a separate nation
for Muslims as the only way for them to
achieve equality.
To stand for the right of Muslims, Muslim
league leaders along Qauid-e-Azam word day
and night for a separate Muslim nation.
On 14 august 1947 Qauid-e-Azam work
brought success and a Muslim state
(PAKISTAN) was made.

10. Muhammad Ali Jinnah announces the impending independence of
Pakistan in a radio address on All India Radio in June 1947.

11. Pakistan had won its independence, but the chaotic, violent state of the new federation
created little cause for celebration. Born in spasms of massacre and fight, Pakistan was a
nation physically divided, its East Wing (present-day Bangladesh) and West Wing
separated by some 1,000 miles (1,600 km).
At the time the challenges Pakistan had to face:
 Ahmed Yar Khan declared Baluchistan an independent state.
 The language of east and west Pakistan was different.
 India changed the path of Indus river
 Princely Muslim states in iIndia
 Kashmir
 Change of leadership
 Economy of Pakistan
 Foreign affairs
 Division of military and armory

12. Partition
(1947)