The document provides a detailed outline for a history of Shivaji Maharaj, the founder of the Maratha Empire in India. It includes sections on his birthplace and family, his leadership qualities, military innovations, conflicts with the Mughal Empire, key associates and battles, including his capture and escape from Mughal imprisonment. The outline covers major events in Shivaji's life and reign, the organization and tactics of the Maratha army, and the legacy of Shivaji as a revered leader in Indian history.

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2. INDEXTable of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION
2. BIRTH OF SHIVAJI MAHARAJ
3. LEADERSHIP QUALITIES
4. REVULUATIN IN MILITARY
5. CONFLICT WITH MUGHAL
6. MAP OF MARATHA
7. ATTACK ON SHAISTEKHAN
8. MARATHAARMY
9. ASSOCIATES OF SHIVAJI MAHARAJ
10. ATTACK ON AFZALKHAN
11. MAJOR QUALITIES
12. RAJMUDRA
13. FORTS WON
14. WHAT WE CAN LEARN FROM SHIVAJI
HISTORY
15. WEOPNS USED BY MARATHAS
16. CONCLUSION
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3. SOURCE
• www.wikipedia.org
• www.google.co.in
• http://huntforspot.com/chhatrapati-shivaji-maharaj-history-information/
• TEXT BOOK OF 4TH STANDERED
•
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4. INTRODUCTION
• SHIVAJI BHOSLE KNOWN ALSO AS CHATRAPATI SHIVAJI MAHARAJ
• SHIVAJI MAHARAJ WAS THE FOUNDER OF MARATHA EMPIRE IN WESTERN INDIA
IN 1674
• BORN:19 FEBRUARY 1630
• FATHER:SAHAJI MAHARAJ
• MOTHER:JIJABAI
• The great Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj was the founder and king of Maratha Kingdom in
Maharashtra state of western India. He was one of the greatest and bravest warriors ever born in
India. He is popularly known as “People’s King”. Even today people respect and honour him
more than anything. He was indeed very smart, disciplined and honor him more than anything.
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5. BIRTH OF SHIVAJI MAHARAJ
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 Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj was born on 19th February 1630 (date
as per government of Maharashtra)on Shivneri Fort, near Junnar
region of Pune district. He was given name ‘Shivaji’ by his
mother in honour of the Goddess Shivai to whom she had prayed for
a healthy child.
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6. LEADERSHIP QUALITIES
• PURITY OF CHARACTER
• NOBLE
• AWE INSPIRING LEADERSHIP
• A TRULY SHARED VISION FOR SWARAJYA
• AN INNOVATOR AND SBLE COMANDR
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7. Revolution in military organization
A standing army belonging to the state called paga;
All war horses belonged to the state; responsibility for their upkeep rested on the
Soveriegn.
Creation of part time soldiers from peasants who worked for eight months in the
field and supported four months in war.
Highly mobile and light infantry and cavalry were his innovations and they excelled
in commando tactics;
The introduction of an centralized intelligence department, a potent navy, and
regular chain-of-command;
Introduction of field craft viz. Guerrilla warfare, commando actions, swift flanking
attacks;
Innovation of weapons and firepower, innovative use of traditional weapons like
tiger claw or ‘Baghnakh’. ‘Vita’ was a weapon invented by Shivaji;
Militarisation of almost the entire society, including all classes, with the entire
peasant population of settlements and villages near forts actively involved in theirTOP
defense.
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Conflict with the Mughals
 Until 1657, Shivaji maintained peaceful relations with the Mughal Empire.
Shivaji offered his assistance to Aurangzeb, the Mughal viceroy of the
Deccan and son of the Mughal emperor, in conquering Bijapur in return for
formal recognition of his right to the Bijapuri forts and villages under his
possession. Dissatisfied with the Mughal response, and receiving a better
offer from Bijapur, he launched a raid into the Mughal Decccan.[ Shivaji's
confrontations with the Mughals began in March 1657, when two of
Shivaji's officers raided the Mughal territory near Ahmednagar.[This was
followed by raids in Junnar, with Shivaji carrying off 300,000 hun in cash
and 200 horses.[ Aurangzeb responded to the raids by sending Nasiri Khan,
who defeated the forces of Shivaji at Ahmednagar. However, Aurangzeb's
countermeasures against Shivaji were interrupted by the rainy season and
his battle of succession with his brothers for the Mughal throne following
the illness of the emperor Shah Jahan.
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9. 9
MAP OF
MARATHA
SWARAJYA
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10.  On Sunday, 5th April 1663 when Shivaji and 400 of his bravest and expert soldiers
entered the camp at night. It was the sixth day of Ramzan, the month of fasting. The
Maratha party arrived at Khan's quarters around midnight and entered through the
kitchen and started chipping away a brick wall that separated the kitchen from the harem.
Shivaji and his lieutenant Chimnaji Bapuji entered through a hole they made in the brick
wall and were followed by 200 men. Hacking away at the maze of canvas and screen
walls they reached the Khan's bedroom and attacked him managing to severe one of his
thumbs. But then the lamps in the room were put out by one wise woman, and in the
darkness, the Khan escaped with the help of his slave girls.Abdul Fath, a son of Shaista
Khan was one of the first to rush to the rescue of his father but the brave youth was slain
after he struck down two or three Marathas. The night attack was a complete success!
The Mughal viceroy, covered with shame and guilt, retired to Aurangabad for greater
safety.
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11. Maratha army and forces
 Maratha (or Mahratta) Army refers to the land-based armed forces of the Maratha Kingdom of
India, which existed from the late 17th to the early 19th centuries in India. The formation, rise, and
decline of the armies of the Maratha Kingdom can be broadly divided into two eras.
 Aurangzeb was overjoyed to learn of Shivaji Maharaj’s demise. With the great Captain no more,
Aurangzeb found it easier to pursue his dream of ruling over the entire subcontinent. He is to have
said “My armies have been employed against him for nineteen years and nevertheless his
(Shivaji’s) state has always been increasing.”
 B. Intelligent and Expert in Defence Strategy ! – Portuguese governor
 Antonio Pais de sande, Interim Governor of Portuguese India forwarded a report about the war
between Shivaji Maharaj and Mughals to the colonial affairs council in Portugal. ‘Shivaji has
captured territory from Goa to Daman, which is close to our borders. Presently he is involved in
war with Mughals. This present day Attila of Hindustan is so intelligent and and adept in defence
strategy, that he handles both defence and offence with the same expertise. His horsemen
(cavalry) have wrecked havoc in Mughal territory.
 2. Extensive knowledge about the battle-field
 What was extraordinary about Shivaji ? The first and most important thing was that he had
extensive knowledge about the area where he was to fight battles. He knew every mountain,
hillock, river, rivulet, fort and valley in the Deccan area like the back of his hand. His soldiers had
detailed maps of the terrain..
 3. Competent espionage system
 Shivaji had a very competent espionage system for obtaining information. Though most have
remained unnamed, some known spies are Vishvasrao Nanaji Dige, Bahirji Naik, Sunderji
Prabhuji. Contemporary British travellers have noted about meeting Shivaji’s spies in Bihar. Bahirji 11

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 . 3. Competent espionage system
 Shivaji had a very competent espionage system for obtaining information. Though most have
remained unnamed, some known spies are Vishvasrao Nanaji Dige, Bahirji Naik, Sunderji Prabhuji.
Contemporary British travellers have noted about meeting Shivaji’s spies in Bihar. Bahirji Naik had
mapped out the entire city of Surat to facilitate Shivaji’s plunder of the Mughal city in 1664.
Bahirji’s information on the massive wealth and riches stored in Surat prompted Shivaji to attack the
city and humiliate the Mughals.
 5. Spirited Army
 Shivaji had a spirited army. Considering the terrain they had to fight in, there was no place for large
animals like the elephant. Rowdy elements were forbidden from joining the army. Cavalry was
employed to plunder enemy territory. The army relied heavily on speed and agility to advance.
 6. Surprise attacks
 Shivaji’s strategy was based on taking the enemy by surprise. The epitome of this form of attack was
seen in the raid against Shaista Khan. Shaista Khan (Aurangazeb’s uncle) was camped in Pune with
a 100,000 strong army for 3 years. After Shivaji’s attack, a disgraced Shahista Khan retreated to
Aurangabad within three days.
 7. Guerrilla Warfare
 Shivaji’s army was adept in what is known as ‘Guerrilla warfare’. The army used unusual and out of
the box ways to fight the enemy treacherous terrain. ‘Ganim’ is an Arabic word meaning
‘plunderer’. Shivaji followed same technique of plunderers who would appear out of nowhere, loot
and escape. Hence Dennis Kincaid called him ‘The Grand Rebel’.
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13. BATTLE OF SINHGAD
• Kondana fort, on the outskirts of Pune, was still under Mughal control. Uday
Bhan Rathod, the fort keeper, led an army of about 1500 Rajputs and Mughals for
the protection of the fort. On February 4, 1670 Shivaji deputed one of his most
senior and trusted generals, Tanaji Malusare, to head a mission to capture
Kondana.
• Tanaji Malusare surveyed the fort and its defenses for some days. The fort was
extremely well guarded. One very sheer cliff caught Tanaji’s eye. This side was
least guarded as one could not possibly imagine climbing the fort from this steep
side. Tanaji decided to scale this cliff to enter the fort. He used a monitor
lizard(known as ghorpad in Marathi named “Yeshwanti” with a rope tied around
its body for climbing this cliff on a moonless night. Perhaps this was the first
time in the history of wars where a lizard was used to climb a fort.
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14. BATTLE OF SINHGAD
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 The death of their leader unnerved the Marathas, but Tanaji had kept
the battle going just long enough so that the 700 troops who had been
left at the bottom of the fort when the battle began had managed to
breach the defense and force entry. They were led by Suryaji, Tanaji's
brother. The timely arrival of Suryaji, Tanaji’s brother, who had entered
the fort, and his exhortation to the Marathas to fight till the end saved
the situation. In the fierce battle that continued, the Mughal
commander was slain, and the entire garrison routed. Several hundred
Mughals in order to try and save themselves ventured over the rock and
were slain in the attempt.
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15. BATTLE OF SINHGAD
 The death of their leader unnerved the Marathas, but Tanaji had kept the
battle going just long enough so that the 700 troops who had been left at the
bottom of the fort when the battle began had managed to breach the defense
and force entry. They were led by Suryaji, Tanaji's brother. The timely arrival
of Suryaji, Tanaji’s brother, who had entered the fort, and his exhortation to
the Marathas to fight till the end saved the situation. In the fierce battle that
continued, the Mughal commander was slain, and the entire garrison routed.
Several hundred Mughals in order to try and save themselves ventured over
the rock and were slain in the attempt.
 When Shivaji Maharaj learned of his friend's death, he remarked "Gad ala
pan Sinha gela", meaning "We have gained the fort, but lost a lion."
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16.  Tanaji Malusare
 Fullaji Prabhu Deshpande
 Firangoji Narsala
 Murarbaji Deshpande
 Santaji Ghorpade
 Dhanajirao Jadhavrao
 Keso Narayan Deshpande
 Suryaji Kakade
 Chimanaji Deshpande
 Yesaji Kank
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ASSOCIATE OF SHIVAJI
MAHARAJ

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18.  Afzal Khan sent an envoy to Shivaji suggesting the two leaders meet in private outside the fort
to parley
 The two met in a hut at the foothills of Pratapgad fort on 10 November 1659. The arrangements had
dictated that each come armed only with a sword, and attended by one follower. Shivaji, either
suspecting Afzal Khan would arrest or attack him, or secretly planning to attack himself, wore armour
beneath his clothes, concealed a bagh nakh (metal "tiger claw") on his left arm, and had a dagger in his
right hand.
 Accounts vary on whether Shivaji or Afzal Khan struck the first blow Maratha chronicles accuse Afzal
Khan of treachery, while Persian-language records attribute the treachery to Shivaji. In the fight, Afzal
Khan's dagger was stopped by Shivaji's armour, and Shivaji's weapons inflicted mortal wounds on the
general; Shivaji then fired cannon to signal his hidden troops to attack the Bijapuri army. In the
ensuing Battle of Pratapgarh fought on 10 November 1659, Shivaji's forces decisively defeated the
Bijapur Sultanate's forces. More than 3,000 soldiers of the Bijapur army were killed and one sardar of
high rank, two sons of Afzal Khan and two Maratha chiefs were taken prisoner.[After the victory, a
 grand review was held by Shivaji below Pratapgarh. The captured enemy, both officers and men, were
set free and sent back to their homes with money, food and other gifts. Marathas were rewarded
accordingly.
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20.  In Birthday celebrations of aurangjeb he invited shivaji with his son
sambhaji. As Shivaji entered the hall, he placed his offering before
Aurangzeb. The Emperor said nothing, not even a word of welcome.
Shivaji was led to the back of the hall. By now, it was clear that it was a
trap and Shivaji and his son were captives.
 They were imprisoned for many months but, Shivaji did not despair.
Aurangzeb schemed to send Shivaji to Kandahar (Afghanistan) to
consolidate the Mughal Empire’s north-western frontier and Shivaji
planned his escape.
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ARREST IN AGRA

21.  Meanwhile, Shivaji and his son reached Mathura where he shaved off
his famous beard and mustache, applied ash to his body and darkened
his face. From Mathura, he and his followers, dressed like mendicants,
proceeded towards Prayag (modern Allahabad) in the south east
direction. From there he turned south and traveled towards Bundelkhand
(in modern Madhya Pradesh) and Golconda (modern Andhra Pradesh).
He reached his safe fortress of Raigarh after a journey of 60 days.
In the meanwhile the Mughal army and police and its informers searched
for Shivaji in Agra and all over the empire. According to some historians,
Ram Singh might have helped him in his escapade. Aurangzeb also
suspected Ram Singh of his complicity and demoted his position in the
royal court. Aurangzeb never got over Shivaji’s escape.
Shivaji, who reached Raigarh in October 1666, resumed his adventures.
Eight years later, on June 6, 1674, Shivaji was coronated with the title,
Chhatrapati (holder of an umbrella) in Raigarh fort. Shivaji, who did not
inherit his kingdom from his father or forefathers, created his Maratha
Empire by his own effort. And will always be respected and remembered
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22. PROMOTION OF SANSKRIT
 Sambhaji issued one danapatra (donation plaque) which is in
Sanskrit composed by himself in which he writes about his
father as:
 Yavanarambha gritat mlechakshaydiksha: It means – Shivaji
had taken a sacred oath and was on mission to defeat
invaders
 Dillindraman pradhvanspatu: One who has defeated the
Mughal Emperor of Delhi
 Vijayapuradhishwar prathtarmanya bhujchachayay: One
whose help was sought by Adilshahi King of Vijaypur
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23.  Death's late March 1680, Shivaji fell ill with fever and dysentery, dying around 3–
5 April 1680 at the age of 52
 on the eve of Hanuman Jayanti. Putalabai, the childless eldest of the surviving
wives of Shivaji committed sati by jumping into his funeral pyre. Another
surviving spouse, Sakwarbai, was not allowed to follow suit because she had a
young daughter.
 After Shivaji's death, Soyarabai made plans with various ministers of the
administration to crown her son Rajaram rather than her stepson Sambhaji. On
21 April 1680, ten-year-old Rajaram was installed on the throne. However,
Sambhaji took possession of Raigad Fort after killing the commander, and on 18
June acquired control of Raigad, and formally ascended the throne on 20
July. Rajaram, his wife Janki Bai, and mother Soyrabai were imprisoned, and
Soyrabai executed on charges of conspiracy that October.
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24. • SAMBHAJI MAHARAJ
• REIGN:16 JAN 1681-11 MARCH 1689
• CORONATION:20 JULY 1680,PANHALA
• PREDECSOR:SHIVAJI
• SUCCESOR:RAJARAM
• BORN 14 MAY1657
• DEATH:11 MARCH1689 AT TULAPUR
• SPOUCE:YESUBAI
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25. • An effective organizer:
• An efficient general and military strategist:
• A skillful diplomat:
• Brave soldier:
• An enlightened administrator:
• Respect for others faith:
• An inspiring leader:
• An obedient son:
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26. • “प्रतिपच्चंद्रलेखेव वर्धिष्णुर्विश्ववंदििा शाहसुन ोः शशवस्यैषा मुद्रा भद्राय राजिे।”
• Marathi:
प्रतिपिेचा चन्द्द्र जसा वाढि जाि , आणण सरे र्वश्व त्याला जसे वंिन करिे, िशीच
िशीच ही मुद्रा व् तिचा लौककक वाढि जाईल…..!
• English:
The glory of this Mudra of Shahaji’s son Shivaji (Maharaj ) will grow like
the first day moon .It will be worshiped by the world & it will shine only
for well being of people.
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27. 
 Forts played a key role in Shivaji's strategy. He captured important forts
at Murambdev (Rajgad), Torna, Kondhana (Sinhagad) and Purandar
 The historian Jadunath Sarkar assessed that Shivaji owned some 240–
280 forts at the time of his death.
 The officers acted jointly and provided mutual checks and balance
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Forts

28. What can today's generation learn from Shivaji Maharaj?
 goal-oriented.
 best leader
 secular leader
 good planner
 He never gave up
 He was emotionally strong
 He was very good administrator
 He always gave respect to women
 He had self respect
 He was visionary:
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29. weapons used by shivaji maharaj
 The Marathas used weapons like muskets, matchlocks,
swords, clubs, bows, spears, daggers, etc.
 A Maratha Helmet and Armor from Hermitage Museum, St
Petersburg, Russia.
 A Maratha cannon (Artillery battery), as seen at Raigad
Hillfort.
 The arms of the Marathas.
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30. 1. shivaji maharaj are the best administrator ever
2. they gave respect and protection to ladies. Misbehavior with an ladies
is an offence and they gave punishment to person who misbehave.
3. in their swaraj ashtaprdhan mandal. In today’s indian democracy are
taken from this ashtaprdhanmandal policy
4. in today’s world he called as the “the management guru” in America
there is an 50 marks paper on the shivaji the management guru.
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