Oskar Fischinger was a pioneer of abstract musical animation in the early 20th century, creating films where cut out paper moved to the beat of music. In the 1940s, Soundies and Scopitones - three minute musical films and jukebox films respectively - were produced, featuring early music video-like dance sequences. The Beatles film "A Hard Day's Night" in the 1960s was also considered an early music video. Queen's "Bohemian Rhapsody" success led record companies to regularly produce promotional music videos. MTV, launching in 1981, was the first channel dedicated solely to music videos and helped popularize the format. YouTube later brought music videos to the internet and increased their