The history of aviation spans over 2000 years from early kites and attempts at human flight to modern powered flight. Early innovations included kite flying in ancient China and da Vinci's designs, while hot air balloons were used for observation in wars in the 1800s. The foundations of aerodynamics and engine technology enabled controlled, powered flight in the early 1900s.

1. HISTORY OF AVIATION
The history of aviation has extended over more than two thousand years from the
earliest kites and attempts at tower jumping to supersonic, andhypersonic flight by
powered, heavier-than-air jets.
Kite flying in China dates back to several hundred years BC and is thought to be the earliest
example of man-made flight. Some kites were capable of carrying a man into the air. The ancient
Chinese also flew small hot-air lanterns and bamboo-copter toys with spinning rotors.
Leonardo da Vinci's 15th-century dream of flight found expression in several rational but
unscientific designs, though he did not attempt to construct any of them.
Efforts to analyze the atmosphere from the 17th to 19th centuries led to the discovery of gases
such as hydrogen, which in turn led to the invention of hydrogen balloons.[1]
Various theories
in mechanics by physicists during the same period of time, notably fluid dynamics and Newton's
laws of motion, led to the foundation of modern aerodynamics. Tethered balloons filled with hot
air were used in the first half of the 19th century and saw considerable action in several mid-
century wars, most notably the American Civil War, where balloons provided observation during
theBattle of Petersburg.
The term aviation, noun of action from stem of Latin avis "bird" was coined in 1863 by French
aviation pioneer Guillaume Joseph Gabriel de La Landelle (1812–1886) in "Aviation ou
Navigation aérienne".[2][3]
Experiments with gliders provided the groundwork for heavier-than-air craft, and by the early
20th-century advances in engine technology and aerodynamics made controlled, powered flight
possible for the first time.
GOVERNING BODY
Airline complaints are any type of formal complaint filed by an airline customer either to the
airline responsible for the grievance or the government office responsible for overseeing the
airlines national industry. Airline complaints generally arise out of problems experienced
during air travel that were left unresolved.
IATA
The International Air Transport Association (IATA /aɪˈɑːtə/[1]
) is the trade association for the
world’s airlines. It represents some 240 airlines or more than 84% of total air traffic. IATA
supports airline activity and helps formulate industry policy and standards. It is headquartered
in Montreal, Canada with Executive Offices in Geneva, Switzerland.[2]
History[edit]
IATA was formed in April 1945 in Havana, Cuba.[3]
It is the successor to the International Air
Traffic Association, which was formed in 1919 at The Hague, Netherlands.[4]
At its founding,
IATA consisted of 57 airlines from 31 countries. Much of IATA’s early work was technical and it
provided input to the newly created International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), which was
reflected in the annexes of the Chicago Convention, the international treaty that still governs the
conduct of international air transport today.

2. ICAO
The ICAO (/ˌaɪˌkeɪˈoʊ/, "I-K-O") airport code or location indicator is a four-
character alphanumeric code designating each airport around the world. These codes are
defined by the International Civil Aviation Organization, and published in ICAO Document
7910: Location Indicators.
ICAO codes are used by air traffic control and airline operations such as flight planning. They
differ from IATA codes, which are generally used for airline timetables, reservations,
and baggage tags. For example, the IATA code forLondon's Heathrow Airport is LHR and its
ICAO code is EGLL. Most travelers usually see the IATA code on baggage tags and tickets and
the ICAO code is used among other things by pilots, air traffic control and flight-tracking services
such as FlightAware. In general IATA codes are usually derived from the name of the airport or
the city it serves, while ICAO codes are distributed by region and country.
ICAO codes are also used to identify other aviation facilities such as weather stations,
International Flight Service Stations orArea Control Centers, whether or not they are located at
airports.
DGCA
The Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) is the Indian governmental regulatory body
for civil aviation under the Ministry of Civil Aviation. This directorate investigates aviation
accidents and incidents.[1]
It is headquartered along Sri Aurobindo Marg, opposite Safdarjung
Airport, in New Delhi.[2]
The Government of India is planning to replace the organisation with a
Civil Aviation Authority (CAA), modelled on the lines of the American Federal Aviation
Administration (FAA).[3]
Endeavour to promote safe and efficient Air Transportation through regulation and proactive
safety oversight system.[4]
BCAS
The Bureau of Civil Aviation Security was initially set up as a Cell in the Directorate General of
Civil Aviation (DGCA) in January 1978 on the recommendation of the Pande
Committee constituted in the wake of the hijacking of the Indian
Airlines flight on 10th September , 1976. The role of the Cell was to coordinate, monitor,
inspect and train personnel in Civil Aviation Security matters.
The BCAS was reorganized into an independent department on 1st April , 1987 under the Ministry of
Civil Aviation as a sequel to the Kanishka Tragedy in June 1985. The main responsibility of
BCAS are lay down standards and measures in respect of security of civil flights at
International and domestic airports in India.

3. Airline reservations
An airline reservation system (ARS) is part of the so-called passenger service systems (PSS),
which are applications supporting the direct contact with the passenger.
The airline reservations system was[when?] one of the earliest changes to improve efficiency. ARS
eventually evolved into the computer reservations system (CRS). A computer reservation system
is used for the reservations of a particular airline and interfaces with a global distribution
system (GDS) which supports travel agencies and other distribution channels in making
reservations for most major airlines in a single system.
Airport check-in
Airport check-in uses service counters found at commercial airports handling commercial air
travel. The check-in is normally handled by an airline itself or a handling agent working on behalf
of an airline. Passengers usually hand over any baggage that they do not wish or are not allowed
to carry on to the aircraft's cabin and receive a boarding pass before they can proceed to board
their aircraft.