The document traces the evolution of education and curriculum in the Philippines from the pre-Hispanic period up until recent times. It discusses how education was informal during pre-Hispanic times, with parents and leaders serving as teachers. During Spanish colonization, a formal public school system was established along with normal schools to train male teachers. Under American rule, the Thomasites were brought in as the first teachers established the public school system. The Japanese occupation saw changes like abolishing English and lengthening the school calendar. Today, the K-12 program provides kindergarten through 12th grade education with academic and vocational tracks.

3. During the Pre-Hispanic Period, there was no
established formal schooling in the country.
There was no formal preparation for
teachers.
The mothers and fathers and tribal leaders
served as teachers at home and n the
community.

4.  During the Spanish period and by virtue of Educational
Decree of 1863 free public school system was established.
 There was one school for boys and another school for girls in
every municipality.
 The Spanish missionaries served as teachers.
 The same Decree provided for a normal school run by the
Jesuits to educate male teachers in Manila. So, it was the
Spaniards who started training teachers in normal schools.
 The curriculum created focused on their version of 3R’s:
Reading, writing and religion.
 The main reading materials were all religion-based because
the schools are managed by the convents and religious
organization.

5.  During the American regime, American soldiers served as
the first teachers.
 In 1901, the Philippine Commission enacted into law Act 74
which created the Department of Public Instruction, laid the
foundations of the Public school system and offered free
primary education for Filipinos.
 The Philippine Commission authorized the Secretary of
Public Instruction to bring to the Philippines 600 teachers
from USA due to the shortage of teachers. They were the
Thomasites.
 The Curriculum was based on American Traditions and
hierarchy.
 English became the major of instruction.

6.  The Commonwealth curriculum also known as the Period of
expansion and reform in the Philippine Curriculum.
 The Office of Education expands primary school teacher
training courses from secondary schools to tertiary schools
and organizes eight regional normal schools.
 All educational institutions shall be under the supervision of
and subject to regulation by the State.
 Optional religious instruction shall be maintained in the public
schools as now authorized by law.
 Universities established by the State shall enjoy academic
freedom. The State shall create scholarships in arts, science,
and letters for specially gifted citizens.
 “Filipino” language was used as the medium of instruction.

7.  The curriculum was changed because they
introduced Nihongo and they abolish English as a
medium of instruction and as a subject.
 The school calendar became longer and no summer
vacation for both students and teachers.
 They promote vocational education
 The six basic Principles in Japanese education put
importance to the diffusion of elementary education
and to the promotion of vocational education and
Inspire the people with the spirit of love and labor.

8. The K-12 program has a so-called “Phased
Implementation”, which started in S.Y. 2011-
2012.
K-12 curriculum. These are the grades from
kindergarten (K) and the 1st grade up to
grade 12 (1-12).
The K-12 curriculum allows the students to
choose from different tracks such as
Academic track, vocational track, sports, and
arts