The Role of Technology in Transforming Primary CareNHS England
The document discusses the role of technology in transforming primary care in the UK. It outlines key challenges facing primary care like an aging population and increasing complex patient needs. It then discusses how digital transformation can help by enabling self-care for patients, increasing practice efficiencies, and providing data and tools to improve care quality. Specific technologies mentioned include online appointment booking, access to medical records, remote monitoring of chronic conditions, and interoperable digital health records.
The document discusses the growing use of digital health tools and smartphones. It notes that 50% of UK adults own smartphones, which they use to look up health information online in increasing amounts. It then describes the work of the Health Innovation Network to build the global digital health capital by connecting digital health companies to NHS experts, investors, and potential pilot opportunities through workshops, webinars, and other support over 50 hours. Their efforts have helped speed discussions and led to reductions in outpatient visits and missed appointments. The network encourages applications for their second cohort and provides contact information.
The document discusses issues with India's primary healthcare system and proposes solutions. It notes high costs, lack of facilities, and insufficient professionals in rural areas. It proposes establishing primary healthcare camps staffed by doctors and nurses, a mobile app for medical advice, home visits, and a helpline. Other solutions include monitoring medicine quality, training workshops, and collaborating with private partners and the government to fund and implement solutions to improve access to affordable healthcare across India.
This document summarizes discussions from an IPPOSI (Influencing Policy, Activating Patients, Harnessing Industry) event on patient involvement in health innovation.
IPPOSI works to put patients at the heart of health innovation by advocating for improved patient access to innovation, promoting meaningful patient involvement in research and policy, and providing resources to inform, engage, and empower patients. The EUPATI program trains patients to become experts in medicines research and development. National platforms in 18 countries disseminate EUPATI's training materials. As a result of EUPATI training, patients increasingly take on leadership roles advising industry, regulators, and other groups.
The document discusses frameworks for patient involvement throughout the
The document describes a program in Malawi that uses a community-based tool called MyVillage My Home (MVMH) to track infant vaccination rates. The objectives are to (1) increase fully immunized children compared to baseline, and (2) monitor immunization status of infants under 12 months in two districts. MVMH engages communities and leaders to identify newborns, register them, and mobilize families for vaccination. Health surveillance assistants use MVMH to record vaccination data and meet monthly with leaders to discuss statuses. The goal is for communities to take ownership over immunization through the visual tool.
The NICE Office for Market Access provides opportunities for companies to engage with NICE at any stage of product development and adoption. Through tailored engagement and expert advice, the Office helps companies optimize their journey through NICE. The Office offers bespoke packages including early engagement meetings to discuss evidence requirements and managed access approaches, as well as portfolio reviews and multi-stakeholder safe harbor meetings. These collaborative safe harbor meetings bring together companies, NICE, and other key stakeholders to explore issues in a confidential environment, with the goal of helping companies develop patient- and healthcare system-focused market access plans. Feedback from pilots of these meetings highlighted their value in providing a breadth of stakeholder input and fostering open discussions.
The Role of Technology in Transforming Primary CareNHS England
The document discusses the role of technology in transforming primary care in the UK. It outlines key challenges facing primary care like an aging population and increasing complex patient needs. It then discusses how digital transformation can help by enabling self-care for patients, increasing practice efficiencies, and providing data and tools to improve care quality. Specific technologies mentioned include online appointment booking, access to medical records, remote monitoring of chronic conditions, and interoperable digital health records.
The document discusses the growing use of digital health tools and smartphones. It notes that 50% of UK adults own smartphones, which they use to look up health information online in increasing amounts. It then describes the work of the Health Innovation Network to build the global digital health capital by connecting digital health companies to NHS experts, investors, and potential pilot opportunities through workshops, webinars, and other support over 50 hours. Their efforts have helped speed discussions and led to reductions in outpatient visits and missed appointments. The network encourages applications for their second cohort and provides contact information.
The document discusses issues with India's primary healthcare system and proposes solutions. It notes high costs, lack of facilities, and insufficient professionals in rural areas. It proposes establishing primary healthcare camps staffed by doctors and nurses, a mobile app for medical advice, home visits, and a helpline. Other solutions include monitoring medicine quality, training workshops, and collaborating with private partners and the government to fund and implement solutions to improve access to affordable healthcare across India.
This document summarizes discussions from an IPPOSI (Influencing Policy, Activating Patients, Harnessing Industry) event on patient involvement in health innovation.
IPPOSI works to put patients at the heart of health innovation by advocating for improved patient access to innovation, promoting meaningful patient involvement in research and policy, and providing resources to inform, engage, and empower patients. The EUPATI program trains patients to become experts in medicines research and development. National platforms in 18 countries disseminate EUPATI's training materials. As a result of EUPATI training, patients increasingly take on leadership roles advising industry, regulators, and other groups.
The document discusses frameworks for patient involvement throughout the
The document describes a program in Malawi that uses a community-based tool called MyVillage My Home (MVMH) to track infant vaccination rates. The objectives are to (1) increase fully immunized children compared to baseline, and (2) monitor immunization status of infants under 12 months in two districts. MVMH engages communities and leaders to identify newborns, register them, and mobilize families for vaccination. Health surveillance assistants use MVMH to record vaccination data and meet monthly with leaders to discuss statuses. The goal is for communities to take ownership over immunization through the visual tool.
The NICE Office for Market Access provides opportunities for companies to engage with NICE at any stage of product development and adoption. Through tailored engagement and expert advice, the Office helps companies optimize their journey through NICE. The Office offers bespoke packages including early engagement meetings to discuss evidence requirements and managed access approaches, as well as portfolio reviews and multi-stakeholder safe harbor meetings. These collaborative safe harbor meetings bring together companies, NICE, and other key stakeholders to explore issues in a confidential environment, with the goal of helping companies develop patient- and healthcare system-focused market access plans. Feedback from pilots of these meetings highlighted their value in providing a breadth of stakeholder input and fostering open discussions.
1) The document is from eHealth Ireland's Information Policy Summit and discusses delivering eHealth in Ireland.
2) It discusses the history of using health data from outbreaks in the 1850s and the current reality of paper records.
3) The goal of eHealth Ireland is to move from paper records locked in individual organizations to a national shared digital patient record across all care settings using an Individual Health Identifier.
The document summarizes Vodacom's Ikhwezi mHealth Partnership, which aims to use mobile technology to address HIV/AIDS in South Africa in four ways: 1) educate the public about prevention, 2) encourage testing and treatment initiation, 3) help those on treatment adhere to their drugs, and 4) strengthen the healthcare system. The partnership involves Vodacom Foundation, technology partners like Praekelt Foundation, and clinical partners like Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute. The impact study will evaluate whether the programs have increased awareness, testing rates, treatment adherence, and clinical/administrative healthcare capabilities.
HIQA is responsible for driving improvements in national health information in Ireland. It has updated the catalogue of national health and social care data collections and established a review program to assess compliance with standards. The review found issues that HIQA is addressing through guidance documents on privacy impact assessments and a data quality framework. Improving data quality is important for better healthcare decision making, monitoring diseases, and planning services.
Plantwise + IPPC side event at CPM9 in Rome- April 2, 2014CABIslides
The document discusses linkages between the Plantwise program and national plant protection organizations (NPPOs). Plantwise establishes plant clinics to provide farmers with advice on pest management and collects pest data, while NPPOs are responsible for official pest reporting and protecting agricultural resources from pests. The two organizations work together in several ways: plant clinic data can inform NPPO surveillance and pest status reporting; clinics help disseminate information to farmers; and NPPOs may provide diagnostic support and training. Moving forward, improved data sharing and stakeholder coordination could help both organizations fulfill their goals of supporting sustainable agriculture and global food security.
The document discusses building public trust for data use in new health technologies. It summarizes the Patients Association's position that while patients support data sharing under proper controls to improve care, many have low awareness of current data practices. Specifically, the PA advocates for opt-in consent by default, clear descriptions of what data is shared and why, and strengthened security assurances. The document also notes some past issues that undermined public trust and the need for transparency regarding any AI decision-making in the future.
The document summarizes the author's innovative research achievements outside their normal duties at the Delhi State AIDS Control Society from 2007-2014. Some of the key achievements included: (1) Planning and implementing India's first large-scale social protection scheme for children affected by AIDS, including orphans; (2) Identifying challenges with early diagnosis of HIV in infants and timely treatment initiation; (3) Advocating for replacing single-dose Nevirapine with more effective triple ARV regimens to eliminate pediatric HIV transmission; (4) Improving outcomes for HIV-TB co-infected patients through an amended referral strategy; (5) Analyzing retention challenges in ART programs with implications for decentralization; and (6)
NHS England is committed to five high impact digital changes in primary care by 2018: allowing patients to book appointments and order prescriptions online, access test results electronically, monitor long-term conditions remotely, control personal health records, and engage with professionals via text/email. NHS England also aims to make general practice paper-free by 2018 through initiatives like scanning historical paper records and receiving digital discharge summaries. Over 30 million patients in England will benefit from improved digital access and local transformational changes through the rollout of digital primary care programs.
This document provides an overview of a presentation on how digital technology can enable transformation in primary care. It discusses the national policy drivers supporting digital innovation, resources available to practices, and initial progress and plans to improve patient access through the seven digital capabilities piloted in the Prime Minister's GP Access Fund. The presentation aims to gather feedback on local priorities and needs to help refine the GP IT Operating Model, maturity assurance framework, and plans for further digital transformation.
The document outlines a draft health information policy framework in Ireland. It discusses the need for a new policy to provide clarity on processing health information under new GDPR regulations. The framework proposes core principles like accountability, consent and data security. It suggests strengthening legislation to establish a clear legal basis for information sharing. The framework also proposes improved governance structures and operational standards to promote consistent and secure data use across the health system. A public consultation was opened to gather feedback on the draft policy.
The 8-year STAR-EC project in East Central Uganda achieved remarkable results in improving HIV and TB outcomes. Key accomplishments included reducing HIV positivity from 5.4% to 3.6%, increasing the number of people on ART from 372 to over 40,000, and exceeding treatment success benchmarks for TB. The project strengthened health systems by expanding laboratory networks, improving infrastructure, and building workforce capacity. Challenges around staffing and supply stockouts were addressed. The project demonstrated that rapid scale-up of evidence-based interventions can control epidemics through tailored outreach and multi-level services.
Developing Effective Remote Consultations in Outpatients webinarInnovation Agency
1) The document discusses strategic plans to increase the use of virtual appointments through video to help restore NHS services and reduce backlogs as directed nationally.
2) Data is presented on the percentage of virtual vs face-to-face appointments by specialty for different regions, showing variation between specialties and trusts in uptake of virtual appointments.
3) Interviews were conducted with NHS staff across roles and specialties to understand the reasons for the differences in uptake of virtual appointments and identify barriers to wider adoption. A separate report from patient interviews also provided feedback.
This document summarizes Georgia's telehealth initiative. It discusses plans to expand access to care through telehealth while not replacing the medical home. Telehealth is currently used across Georgia to deliver services like WIC and increase access to specialty care. The document outlines various telehealth projects across different departments, including high risk OB care, children's services, infectious disease care, and dentistry. It discusses partners, funding sources, goals of increasing access and capacity, and next steps like securing more funding and expanding available services.
The Hancock Healthcare Access Initiative aims to improve access to emergency and primary care in Hancock County through a partnership model. Hancock County ranks poorly in health factors, social economic factors, and physical environment. Approximately 68% of emergency room visits were for non-emergent issues and there is limited primary care access. The initiative would use emergency medical technicians trained in telemedicine to conduct in-home exams and diagnostics to treat non-emergency issues. This would decrease emergency room overuse and transportation costs while strengthening primary care. The goals are to enhance emergency care, decrease non-emergency transportation and emergency room use, provide 24/7 minor illness access, and ultimately decrease hospital readmissions by improving care transitions and prevention.
1) Healthcare-associated infections (HAI) affect 4-10% of hospital patients and are caused by factors related to patient care, systems and processes, economics, and human behavior.
2) Accurate data on the global burden of HAI is limited, especially in low- and middle-income countries, due to difficulties in conducting standardized surveillance and analyzing clinical evidence.
3) One of the biggest challenges in reducing HAI is consistently implementing evidence-based practices into daily workflows, such as improving hand hygiene compliance among healthcare workers.
Plantwise was implemented in Sierra Leone through partnerships between the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Security (MAFFS) national plant protection organization (NPPO) and other organizations. 36 plant clinics now provide advice to farmers in 13 districts through MAFFS crop protection officers. Results include data sharing agreements between Plantwise and MAFFS, inclusion of Plantwise activities in staff performance targets, and expansion of clinics with support from projects like the Global Agriculture and Food Security Program. The program aims to strengthen Sierra Leone's national plant health system.
The document summarizes the Maternal and Child Health Integrated Program (MCHIP) which aims to reduce under-five and maternal mortality through increasing access to and use of high impact maternal, newborn and child health interventions. MCHIP works along the continuum of care from household to hospital with health providers, communities and leaders. It focuses on taking proven interventions to scale through research, partnerships and support for NGOs/PVOs. The ultimate goals are reductions in maternal and child mortality and improved coverage and equity of lifesaving interventions.
This document provides an overview of the Canadian healthcare system and the role of the Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI). It describes CIHI as an independent not-for-profit organization that provides essential health information and data to support health system users and decision makers. The document outlines CIHI's history, mandate, data holdings, privacy and security practices, stakeholders, and future plans to improve access to more timely and integrated health data across sectors to enable better health decisions.
This document discusses the GO-DIGITAL and GDE initiatives at a large NHS trust located across 4 sites. It provides context about the trust, including annual patient contacts and services provided. It outlines that the trust has been using Cerner since 2011. The transformation and GDE plan to leverage electronic health records, data, and technology to innovate and connect patient care across organizations is described. A timeline for Years 1-5 and Years 5-10 is presented, outlining goals and initiatives around decision making, EPR modules, the longitudinal record, clinical dashboards, population records, remote services, and self-care/monitoring. Metrics for judging the results are proposed, focused on cost reductions from less duplicate data entry and
This document discusses the need to talk about how health data is used. It notes that people currently have little understanding of how their data is used by various organizations like the NHS, academics, and commercial groups. The document outlines resources and strategies to help improve public understanding of issues like how data is kept safe, whether it is identifiable, what choices people have, and the benefits of data use. It emphasizes the importance of language and transparency to build public trust and confidence in the important uses of health data for individual care, research, and improving health services.
The document proposes introducing healthcare vouchers for below poverty line (BPL) children in India to address problems with child health. Vouchers would be redeemable at private hospitals for services like immunizations, diagnosis, treatment and medicine. This would increase competition and choice for families while incentivizing private sector participation in rural healthcare. Implementation would involve accrediting private providers and having community health workers distribute vouchers. Impact would be assessed based on health indicators, attitudes/knowledge, and supplier metrics like new rural hospitals and voucher redemption rates. Challenges around monitoring misuse, counterfeiting, and high-cost care would be mitigated by strategies like de-accreditation, unique voucher codes, and an emergency treatment fund
This document discusses research ethics and principles of biomedical ethics. It begins with definitions of key concepts like ethics, morality, medical research, and bioethics. It then discusses historical examples of unethical medical experiments, such as the Nazi experiments and Tuskegee Syphilis Study. The four main principles of biomedical ethics discussed are respect for persons, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. Respect for persons includes informed consent, autonomy, and confidentiality. The document outlines the elements that must be included in informed consent.
1) The document is from eHealth Ireland's Information Policy Summit and discusses delivering eHealth in Ireland.
2) It discusses the history of using health data from outbreaks in the 1850s and the current reality of paper records.
3) The goal of eHealth Ireland is to move from paper records locked in individual organizations to a national shared digital patient record across all care settings using an Individual Health Identifier.
The document summarizes Vodacom's Ikhwezi mHealth Partnership, which aims to use mobile technology to address HIV/AIDS in South Africa in four ways: 1) educate the public about prevention, 2) encourage testing and treatment initiation, 3) help those on treatment adhere to their drugs, and 4) strengthen the healthcare system. The partnership involves Vodacom Foundation, technology partners like Praekelt Foundation, and clinical partners like Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute. The impact study will evaluate whether the programs have increased awareness, testing rates, treatment adherence, and clinical/administrative healthcare capabilities.
HIQA is responsible for driving improvements in national health information in Ireland. It has updated the catalogue of national health and social care data collections and established a review program to assess compliance with standards. The review found issues that HIQA is addressing through guidance documents on privacy impact assessments and a data quality framework. Improving data quality is important for better healthcare decision making, monitoring diseases, and planning services.
Plantwise + IPPC side event at CPM9 in Rome- April 2, 2014CABIslides
The document discusses linkages between the Plantwise program and national plant protection organizations (NPPOs). Plantwise establishes plant clinics to provide farmers with advice on pest management and collects pest data, while NPPOs are responsible for official pest reporting and protecting agricultural resources from pests. The two organizations work together in several ways: plant clinic data can inform NPPO surveillance and pest status reporting; clinics help disseminate information to farmers; and NPPOs may provide diagnostic support and training. Moving forward, improved data sharing and stakeholder coordination could help both organizations fulfill their goals of supporting sustainable agriculture and global food security.
The document discusses building public trust for data use in new health technologies. It summarizes the Patients Association's position that while patients support data sharing under proper controls to improve care, many have low awareness of current data practices. Specifically, the PA advocates for opt-in consent by default, clear descriptions of what data is shared and why, and strengthened security assurances. The document also notes some past issues that undermined public trust and the need for transparency regarding any AI decision-making in the future.
The document summarizes the author's innovative research achievements outside their normal duties at the Delhi State AIDS Control Society from 2007-2014. Some of the key achievements included: (1) Planning and implementing India's first large-scale social protection scheme for children affected by AIDS, including orphans; (2) Identifying challenges with early diagnosis of HIV in infants and timely treatment initiation; (3) Advocating for replacing single-dose Nevirapine with more effective triple ARV regimens to eliminate pediatric HIV transmission; (4) Improving outcomes for HIV-TB co-infected patients through an amended referral strategy; (5) Analyzing retention challenges in ART programs with implications for decentralization; and (6)
NHS England is committed to five high impact digital changes in primary care by 2018: allowing patients to book appointments and order prescriptions online, access test results electronically, monitor long-term conditions remotely, control personal health records, and engage with professionals via text/email. NHS England also aims to make general practice paper-free by 2018 through initiatives like scanning historical paper records and receiving digital discharge summaries. Over 30 million patients in England will benefit from improved digital access and local transformational changes through the rollout of digital primary care programs.
This document provides an overview of a presentation on how digital technology can enable transformation in primary care. It discusses the national policy drivers supporting digital innovation, resources available to practices, and initial progress and plans to improve patient access through the seven digital capabilities piloted in the Prime Minister's GP Access Fund. The presentation aims to gather feedback on local priorities and needs to help refine the GP IT Operating Model, maturity assurance framework, and plans for further digital transformation.
The document outlines a draft health information policy framework in Ireland. It discusses the need for a new policy to provide clarity on processing health information under new GDPR regulations. The framework proposes core principles like accountability, consent and data security. It suggests strengthening legislation to establish a clear legal basis for information sharing. The framework also proposes improved governance structures and operational standards to promote consistent and secure data use across the health system. A public consultation was opened to gather feedback on the draft policy.
The 8-year STAR-EC project in East Central Uganda achieved remarkable results in improving HIV and TB outcomes. Key accomplishments included reducing HIV positivity from 5.4% to 3.6%, increasing the number of people on ART from 372 to over 40,000, and exceeding treatment success benchmarks for TB. The project strengthened health systems by expanding laboratory networks, improving infrastructure, and building workforce capacity. Challenges around staffing and supply stockouts were addressed. The project demonstrated that rapid scale-up of evidence-based interventions can control epidemics through tailored outreach and multi-level services.
Developing Effective Remote Consultations in Outpatients webinarInnovation Agency
1) The document discusses strategic plans to increase the use of virtual appointments through video to help restore NHS services and reduce backlogs as directed nationally.
2) Data is presented on the percentage of virtual vs face-to-face appointments by specialty for different regions, showing variation between specialties and trusts in uptake of virtual appointments.
3) Interviews were conducted with NHS staff across roles and specialties to understand the reasons for the differences in uptake of virtual appointments and identify barriers to wider adoption. A separate report from patient interviews also provided feedback.
This document summarizes Georgia's telehealth initiative. It discusses plans to expand access to care through telehealth while not replacing the medical home. Telehealth is currently used across Georgia to deliver services like WIC and increase access to specialty care. The document outlines various telehealth projects across different departments, including high risk OB care, children's services, infectious disease care, and dentistry. It discusses partners, funding sources, goals of increasing access and capacity, and next steps like securing more funding and expanding available services.
The Hancock Healthcare Access Initiative aims to improve access to emergency and primary care in Hancock County through a partnership model. Hancock County ranks poorly in health factors, social economic factors, and physical environment. Approximately 68% of emergency room visits were for non-emergent issues and there is limited primary care access. The initiative would use emergency medical technicians trained in telemedicine to conduct in-home exams and diagnostics to treat non-emergency issues. This would decrease emergency room overuse and transportation costs while strengthening primary care. The goals are to enhance emergency care, decrease non-emergency transportation and emergency room use, provide 24/7 minor illness access, and ultimately decrease hospital readmissions by improving care transitions and prevention.
1) Healthcare-associated infections (HAI) affect 4-10% of hospital patients and are caused by factors related to patient care, systems and processes, economics, and human behavior.
2) Accurate data on the global burden of HAI is limited, especially in low- and middle-income countries, due to difficulties in conducting standardized surveillance and analyzing clinical evidence.
3) One of the biggest challenges in reducing HAI is consistently implementing evidence-based practices into daily workflows, such as improving hand hygiene compliance among healthcare workers.
Plantwise was implemented in Sierra Leone through partnerships between the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Security (MAFFS) national plant protection organization (NPPO) and other organizations. 36 plant clinics now provide advice to farmers in 13 districts through MAFFS crop protection officers. Results include data sharing agreements between Plantwise and MAFFS, inclusion of Plantwise activities in staff performance targets, and expansion of clinics with support from projects like the Global Agriculture and Food Security Program. The program aims to strengthen Sierra Leone's national plant health system.
The document summarizes the Maternal and Child Health Integrated Program (MCHIP) which aims to reduce under-five and maternal mortality through increasing access to and use of high impact maternal, newborn and child health interventions. MCHIP works along the continuum of care from household to hospital with health providers, communities and leaders. It focuses on taking proven interventions to scale through research, partnerships and support for NGOs/PVOs. The ultimate goals are reductions in maternal and child mortality and improved coverage and equity of lifesaving interventions.
This document provides an overview of the Canadian healthcare system and the role of the Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI). It describes CIHI as an independent not-for-profit organization that provides essential health information and data to support health system users and decision makers. The document outlines CIHI's history, mandate, data holdings, privacy and security practices, stakeholders, and future plans to improve access to more timely and integrated health data across sectors to enable better health decisions.
This document discusses the GO-DIGITAL and GDE initiatives at a large NHS trust located across 4 sites. It provides context about the trust, including annual patient contacts and services provided. It outlines that the trust has been using Cerner since 2011. The transformation and GDE plan to leverage electronic health records, data, and technology to innovate and connect patient care across organizations is described. A timeline for Years 1-5 and Years 5-10 is presented, outlining goals and initiatives around decision making, EPR modules, the longitudinal record, clinical dashboards, population records, remote services, and self-care/monitoring. Metrics for judging the results are proposed, focused on cost reductions from less duplicate data entry and
This document discusses the need to talk about how health data is used. It notes that people currently have little understanding of how their data is used by various organizations like the NHS, academics, and commercial groups. The document outlines resources and strategies to help improve public understanding of issues like how data is kept safe, whether it is identifiable, what choices people have, and the benefits of data use. It emphasizes the importance of language and transparency to build public trust and confidence in the important uses of health data for individual care, research, and improving health services.
The document proposes introducing healthcare vouchers for below poverty line (BPL) children in India to address problems with child health. Vouchers would be redeemable at private hospitals for services like immunizations, diagnosis, treatment and medicine. This would increase competition and choice for families while incentivizing private sector participation in rural healthcare. Implementation would involve accrediting private providers and having community health workers distribute vouchers. Impact would be assessed based on health indicators, attitudes/knowledge, and supplier metrics like new rural hospitals and voucher redemption rates. Challenges around monitoring misuse, counterfeiting, and high-cost care would be mitigated by strategies like de-accreditation, unique voucher codes, and an emergency treatment fund
This document discusses research ethics and principles of biomedical ethics. It begins with definitions of key concepts like ethics, morality, medical research, and bioethics. It then discusses historical examples of unethical medical experiments, such as the Nazi experiments and Tuskegee Syphilis Study. The four main principles of biomedical ethics discussed are respect for persons, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. Respect for persons includes informed consent, autonomy, and confidentiality. The document outlines the elements that must be included in informed consent.
This document discusses euthanasia and its ethical considerations. It defines euthanasia as intentionally ending a life to relieve pain and suffering. It distinguishes between passive and active euthanasia, as well as voluntary and involuntary euthanasia. The document lists countries where euthanasia is legal and illegal. It provides details about the case of Aruna Shanbaug, a nurse in a vegetative state in India. Both the ethical and unethical issues around euthanasia are outlined. It concludes by stating that life should be lived with dignity rather than dying with guilt.
Euthanasia involves terminating a human's life when they are suffering from a terminal illness and living in intolerable pain. It can be done through lethal injection, withdrawing life support, or allowing the patient to refuse treatment. There is an ethical debate around euthanasia, as some believe it relieves suffering while others view it as wrong or against their religion. The document outlines four types of euthanasia and discusses arguments for and against allowing the practice.
The document provides information about euthanasia, including:
- Euthanasia involves intentionally ending a life to relieve suffering, and can be active (e.g. lethal injection) or passive (e.g. withdrawing life support).
- It outlines different types like voluntary (patient consent), involuntary (without patient consent), and assisted suicide (patient self-administers lethal drugs with help).
- Laws about euthanasia vary globally, with some countries and US states legally allowing it under specific conditions like terminal illness and consent. Most religions disapprove due to beliefs that only God can end a life.
- Two cases discussed are Gloria Taylor, who fought for the right to
The document discusses several key concepts around euthanasia:
- It defines different types of euthanasia including passive, active, voluntary and involuntary
- It describes the experience with legalized euthanasia in Holland and Oregon in the US
- It discusses several cases where "mercy killings" have occurred and raises ethical issues around expanding assisted suicide
- It introduces the hospice alternative for terminally ill patients and how that may impact views on euthanasia
- Finally, it summarizes the differences between passive and active euthanasia and the current legal status of each.
The document discusses the importance of developing a strong business model to identify opportunities, mitigate risks, and determine resource needs. An effective business model bridges ideas to action by explaining why a venture will be viable and valuable. It focuses on the value proposition, target markets, team strengths, competitive advantages, and financial projections without addressing specific "how" questions. Developing a business model involves analyzing revenues, expenses, cash flows, financing needs, and key success factors through revenue and cost forecasts, income statements, balance sheets, and cash flow projections.
This document provides guidelines for focused antenatal care in Ethiopia. It recommends four antenatal visits for normal pregnancies. The goals of focused antenatal care are to promote health, prevent and detect complications early, and plan for birth. Women are classified at their first visit as either basic or needing specialized care based on medical history and risks. The basic component receives routine care, while those needing specialized care get additional services or referral. The first visit aims to collect information, provide tests, supplements and counseling on health, birth planning and emergencies.
This document discusses strategies for cost containment and reduction in hospitals. It identifies the key challenges hospitals face like rising costs, staffing issues, and reduced reimbursement rates. It then provides recommendations in several areas: focusing on efficient processes and standardized operations; developing optimized workforce, technology, and infrastructure models; and creating systems for continuous cost management and improvement. Specific strategies addressed include inventory management, revenue cycle optimization, rational workforce planning, and marketing. The overall aim is for hospitals to contain costs while maintaining quality in the face of economic pressures.
Euthanasia refers to intentionally ending a life to relieve suffering. While some ancient cultures and Asian religions accepted it, most major world religions reject it. There is ongoing debate over legalizing euthanasia, with arguments on both sides. Proponents argue it respects individual autonomy and choice, while opponents argue it could disrespect human life and potentially be abused. Laws aim to preserve life, and euthanasia may violate this by cheapening human life and indirectly encouraging related acts like suicide and homicide.
Euthanasia and physician assisted suicideeliweber1980
This document discusses different types of euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide. It defines active euthanasia as intentionally ending a patient's life, while passive euthanasia involves withholding treatment to allow natural death. Voluntary euthanasia requires patient consent, while involuntary euthanasia does not. Arguments for allowing euthanasia center around patient autonomy and relieving suffering, though critics argue this could lead to a slippery slope and that killing is morally worse than letting die. The document examines philosophical debates on these issues but draws no firm conclusions.
This document discusses various approaches to demand estimation in marketing research, including consumer surveys, observational research, consumer clinics, and market experiments. It then provides details on regression analysis techniques, including scatter diagrams, the regression line, ordinary least squares estimation, and tests of significance. Multiple regression analysis is also covered.
This document discusses the right to die debate. It defines the right to die as a terminally ill person's right to refuse life-extending treatment and the right to physician-assisted suicide. Supporters see it as a fundamental human right allowing people to determine the time and manner of their death, while opponents worry it could be abused or coerce people into suicide for financial reasons. The document outlines Oregon's Death with Dignity Act, the first US law legalizing physician-assisted suicide, and discusses related cases like Gonzales v Oregon which upheld the law. It also notes euthanasia is legal in Switzerland if the patient takes an active role.
Euthanasia has a long history dating back to ancient Greece and Rome. It remained controversial over centuries as perspectives changed. There are different types of euthanasia including active and passive, as well as voluntary and involuntary. Legalizing euthanasia raises complex ethical issues around patient autonomy, the doctor-patient relationship, and the value of human life. Most major religions also have perspectives against euthanasia due to views on the sanctity of life. Proponents argue it provides choice and dignity, while opponents worry about risks to vulnerable groups and pressures to end life. The document recommends focusing on palliative care and finding cures rather than legalizing euthanasia.
Cost analysis and accounting are important management tools for hospitals. Cost analysis involves rearranging and reclassifying cost and income data to reveal relationships and allocate costs to departments based on services rendered. It provides an accurate financial picture for management to take corrective actions. Marginal costing ascertains costs by differentiating fixed and variable costs to determine the effect of changes in volume or output on profit. Cost accounting collects, classifies, and analyzes expenditure data to determine total and per-unit costs of products and services. It provides data to set prices, control costs, and assist in planning and decision-making.
This document discusses medical ethics and ethical issues in public health. It begins with background on the history of medical ethics and the high esteem doctors have held. It defines ethics as moral principles and rules of conduct. The four main principles of medical ethics are discussed as beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, and justice. Several ethical issues in everyday medical practice and current problems like AIDS, abortion, and euthanasia are examined. Ethical issues specific to public health like immunization, water fluoridation, and infectious diseases are also analyzed through case studies. The document concludes that representative and consensus-based processes should guide decisions on ethical issues in public health.
Project cash flows refer to the incremental future cash inflows and outflows that result directly from a project. Only cash flows that change as a result of accepting or rejecting a project are considered relevant for project analysis. Relevant cash flows include incremental revenue, production costs, taxes, and initial outlays. Depreciation is not a cash flow. Project cash flows are identified and measured on a yearly basis in a cash flow table, which is then used to calculate the net present value of the project.
Medical Ethics is what every physician and healthcare worker should know. We need to understand Ethics and its application in various cultures, societies and its changes according to norms and values. Once society will be given health education regarding Medical Ethics many issues can be resolved in a decent manner. It ultimately gives a very positive impression of all the actions which a healthcare worker performs otherwise at times seems inappropriate by society. This is not for the sake of healthcare worker or for the patients it is primarily for the whole community.
What are the rights of patient? role of ethical committee and parameters of a physician all need to be addressed properly.
This document discusses various topics relating to medical ethics theories and principles, including:
- The scope of ethics in medical practice and various theories like deontological and consequentialist.
- Key principles like beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, truth-telling, confidentiality, and preservation of life.
- Issues around euthanasia, living wills, resource allocation, and contraception for minors.
IPPOSI CEO Derick Mitchell delivered a presentation on Dec 6th 2019 at the Digital health Conference, organised as part of the Royal College of Physicians, Ireland
Driving Quality Health Care: Lessons from the Ideal Clinics Initiative in Sou...HFG Project
The document summarizes a webinar about South Africa's Ideal Clinics Initiative to improve quality of primary healthcare. It discusses how South Africa is working to expand access to affordable, timely, effective and patient-centered care through the Ideal Clinic program. The program defines standards for infrastructure, staffing, supplies and clinical care processes that primary clinics aim to meet. It also collaborates with other organizations to address social health determinants. The webinar objectives are to share lessons from implementing and expanding the Ideal Clinics Initiative in South Africa, review evidence on improving primary care quality in resource-limited settings, and discuss future challenges in Africa.
The intersection of opioid use and HIV is well documented. More than one-third of all AIDS cases in the U.S. are directly or indirectly linked to injection drug use. Additionally, dependence and abuse of pain relievers is on the rise; people living with HIV/AIDS who suffer from chronic pain may be at particular risk. Opioids are highly addictive and mortality among illicit opioid users is estimated at 13 times that of the general population. The SPNS Buprenorphine Initiative investigated the effectiveness of integrating buprenorphine opioid abuse treatment into HIV primary care settings.
This Webcast is the first in a series under the new SPNS Integrating HIV Innovative Practices project (www.careacttarget.org/ihip) to assist providers in replicating SPNS work in their sites. This Webcast will introduce providers to the SPNS Buprenorphine Initiative, its findings, its synergy with the National HIV/AIDS Strategy, and provide an overview of opioid use and HIV.
The subsequent Webcast in the series will examine the clinical aspects of buprenorphine therapy, best practices, and implementation guidance. See also Integrating Buprenorphine Therapy Into HIV Primary Care Settings, a monograph on best practices, available at: https://careacttarget.org/content/integrating-buprenorphine-therapy-hiv-primary-care-settings.
Making Quality Healthcare Affordable to Low Income GroupsIDS
This is a presentation on the Hygeia Community Health Plan Model that was given to a meeting hosted by Future Health Systems in Abuja in January 2009 www.futurehealthsystems.org.
Jennifer Mason, Senior Advisor for FP/HIV Integration for USAID's Office of Population and Reproductive Health describes the agency's approach to integrating family planning services with HIV health services and provides country examples of integration practices.
1) Food for the Hungry uses a comprehensive HIV/AIDS strategy called Highly Active Retrovirus Prevention (HARP) that combines biomedical, behavioral, structural, and care approaches.
2) HARP is implemented through HIV treatment centers in Kenya and Uganda that provide integrated HIV/AIDS services and are being handed over to local partners.
3) Food for the Hungry works with various partners on HIV/AIDS programs funded by donors like PEPFAR and Global Fund that incorporate prevention, care, treatment and capacity building.
These case studies give in-depth insights into the experiences, processes, and challenges of health innovators as
they rapidly pivoted to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Using Public Private Partnerships To Launch New Technologies And Products (4)Ivan_Busulwa
The document discusses public-private partnerships for health service delivery in Uganda using the example of a mobile clinic operated by Dunavant in partnership with USAID and Emerging Markets Group. The mobile clinic provides a variety of health services to remote communities with limited access to care. The pilot program found that the mobile clinic improved accessibility and acceptability of services but faced challenges with follow-up, coordination with existing plans, specialist care, and financial sustainability. The document concludes partnerships require clearly defined roles and local capacity building for continuous service provision.
- The document discusses barriers to accessing prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services in many countries, including low status of women, poverty, lack of transportation, stigma, and unsupportive health services.
- To overcome these barriers in Uganda, strategies were employed like quality improvement efforts, integrating PMTCT into other health services, involving people living with HIV, working with communities, and providing psychosocial support for children.
- Key approaches included family support groups, peer educators, task sharing between health workers and lay providers, community outreach, children's groups, and increasing male partner participation. Lessons learned showed that community-based, family-focused approaches improved PMTCT programs.
Planning the Development of the Singapore National Health Portal [4 Cr3 1330 ...Gunther Eysenbach
The document summarizes the planning and development of Singapore's National Health Portal (NHP) project. The NHP aims to empower individuals to manage their health through personalized tools and resources available via a unified web portal. Phase 1 of the project, launched in 2008-2009, included a personal health record system and several health management tools. Future phases will expand functionality by integrating more data sources and adding new tools, with the goal of increasing user adoption over time through various outreach strategies.
Universal access to HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment, care and support means ensuring widespread awareness and access to services. Key barriers to scaling up treatment in India include stigma, lack of women and child-friendly services, discrimination by healthcare providers, inadequate infrastructure and supplies. Actions needed are expanding care services, increasing public-private partnerships, improving infrastructure, and developing partnerships between different organizations. Key targets by 2010 should be 80% access to relevant services within a month, 0% increase in high prevalence areas, 100% ICDS center counselling coverage, and 95% access to treatment education and drugs costs reduced to 10% of production cost.
The past decade has seen a growing appreciation of the importance of private healthcare providers as the first, and often only, source of healthcare in many countries. This has led to a range of interventions aimed at engaging these providers to deliver standardized public health goods and services. One partnership modality, called clinical social franchising, applies commercial principles to achieve this goal.
In 2012, 74 clinical social franchising programs were operational in 40 countries. The programmes included networks of 66,000+ providers that delivered franchised clinical and health services for family planning; maternal, newborn and child health; and to diagnose and treat TB, malaria and/or HIV. Millions of people received services. The scale and overall health impact of these programs is documented in the Clinical Social Franchising Compendium, 2013 (http://bit.ly/10nVT25).
This approach to engaging private purveyors of health and clinical services is gaining traction worldwide. The evidence base for this approach is also increasing, with studies now addressing health impact, quality of care, new usership of formal medical services, cost-effectiveness and equity.
This webinar will explain how clinical social franchising works, how it is being adapted in different countries and the evidence for its relevance as a public health approach.
The document discusses integrating primary health care in New Zealand by establishing multi-disciplinary teams to better manage patients with long-term conditions. It provides examples of Group Health, a not-for-profit health maintenance organization, that implemented a medical home model with improved coordination and patient experiences. Preliminary results from Group Health showed reductions in hospitalizations, emergency visits, and care costs despite increased primary care spending.
Tripartite dimension of interaction of patients, regulators and industry (Jan...jangeissler
This document discusses the importance of interaction and partnership between patients, regulators, and industry in medicine research and development. It acknowledges that patient involvement enhances the quality of research, evidence, transparency, and mutual respect. The document outlines some challenges to interaction, including siloed thinking and lack of trust, and notes that EUPATI has helped improve collaboration but long-term sustainability is key. The objectives of the event are to share experiences of pilot projects involving these stakeholders and ensure their interaction is understood and trusted.
Final Challenging Partnerships Heidelberg Presanitachavez1999
The document discusses partnerships between GTZ and private sector companies in Africa to address HIV/AIDS in the workplace. It provides an overview of public-private partnerships and their advantages. GTZ has collaborated with over 70 companies since 1999 to establish workplace HIV/AIDS programs. These programs analyze the situation, raise awareness, provide prevention/education, testing, and treatment. One example is a partnership between GTZ and Cornelder de Moçambique to create HIV/AIDS awareness and improve access to services for its employees and subcontractors in Mozambique. Successful partnerships require considering the interests of both businesses and donors.
Team MICA aims to improve chronic disease care in urban slums by 2019 through their Cura social enterprise model. Their objectives are to increase awareness of chronic diseases, provide affordable healthcare and medicines, and encourage early diagnosis and treatment. Their model highlights include aggregating doctors' philanthropic time, creating an interconnected healthcare ecosystem, and establishing an in-house pharmacy system. Their social enterprise will operate 3 hospitals that provide subsidized services to link slum communities to healthcare resources while pursuing operational sustainability.
Developing a national strategy to bring pathogen genomics into practiceExternalEvents
http://www.fao.org/about/meetings/wgs-on-food-safety-management/en/
Developing a national strategy to bring pathogen genomics into practice. Presentation from the Technical Meeting on the impact of Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) on food safety management and GMI-9, 23-25 May 2016, Rome, Italy.
The document summarizes several HIV/AIDS programs implemented by World Vision across multiple countries in Africa. It discusses key strategies used such as community mobilization, capacity building, and task shifting. Specific interventions discussed include PMTCT, pediatric HIV care, male circumcision, and programs to support orphans and vulnerable children. Results showed improved access to services, increased testing and treatment adherence, and reduced loss to follow up. Lessons highlighted the importance of integrated service delivery, community ownership, and long-term commitment to sustain programs.
4. Costs Per Worker Lost to HIV/AIDS In Uganda *Source: Adapted from Feeley et al. “The Impact of HIV/AIDS on Productivity and Labor Costs in Two Ugandan Corporations”, October, 2004 HIPS Health Initiatives for the Private Sector Project Estimate * Absenteeism USH 348,500 ($166) Death Benefits USH 425,000 ($202) Medical Care USH 280,500 ($134) Reduced Productivity USH 3,621,000 ($1724) Train Replacement USH 297,500 ($142) Supervisor Time USH 1,402,500 ($668) TOTAL USH 6,375,000 ($3036)
5.
6. HIPS’ Menu of Services HEALTH SERVICES HIV/AIDS TB MALARIA OVC FP/RH COST SHARE WORKPLACE POLICY DEVELOPMENT ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ PEER EDUCATION ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ HEALTH FAIRS ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ VOLUNTARY COUNSELING & TESTING ✔ ✔ ✔ HEALTH COMMUNICATION MATERIALS ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ LOW COST HEALTH COMMODITIES ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ PRIVATE CLINICS MOH ACCREDITATION ✔ ✔ ✔ ACCESS TO FREE ARV'S/TB DRUGS/IPT2 FOR MALARIA ✔ ✔ ✔ LAB. EQUIPMENT & TRAINING ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ CLINICAL & COMMUNITY BASED TRAININGS ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
The HIPS project began in late 2007 and will run through 2010. This project builds on the success of a previous project called Business Part. HIPS like its predecessor, is built on a partnership model. We will work with the Ugandans companies to find cost-effective ways to improve access and utilization of health services. Over 50 partnerships with Companies, all with a minimum of a 1 to 1 match on resources but in most cases companies are matching on a 1 to 3 basis. HIPS will also partners with companies to support the needs of orphans and other vulnerable children in your community Additionally ,HIPS will work with Private Sector Employers Organizations such as Federation of Uganda Employers to strengthen capacity among employers associations to support workplace programs among their members.
Before we get into the detail of the project, just a bit of information on whats happening in the Uganda Industry regarding health Note we have just updated these numbers from the 2004 study In 2004 only 43% of employers were offering HIV prevention programs, only 27% were offering VCT, and 32% were offering ART, this number has gone down slightly which, this is probably explained by the changes in the market, as ART are now more available and free in all public and many private clinics the numbers demonstrate, that much work is being done on behalf of Industry in the response to HIV/AIDS, but much more still needs to be done. A very positive recent development is that many insurance companies in Uganda have incorporated HIV/AID treatment in to their coverage program. This was not true a couple of years ago, IAA, ARR and MicroCare are pioneers in this area.
These number are being updated currently. Slide shows the costs associated with HIV infection for the last 24 months before death/departure from workplace. This is also consistent with the pattern of the disease in the absence of ART----that relatively few people survive more than two years after they develop full blown AIDS (which drives up medical costs and absenteeism). don’t want to reduce loss of life from HIV/AIDS into a calculation but we also know that financial losses and numbers speak to business people, after all you do have a business to run and have to make investment decision. This slide demonstrates that there is a real business cost to HIV/AIDS. The HIPS project can assist companies in understanding HIV/AIDS financial losses and design a program that is appropriate for your company, one that makes ‘good business sense’. We do not yet have these numbers for TB and Malaria but hope to conduct the same type of financial analysis.
Typcially company clinics do not charge employees/community for services Private for profit clinics do charge for consultation/drugs other than ART/lab tests Employee insurance plans typically cover 4 dependants
Menu of services, not a one size fits all, we sit with Company management to develop a program that is appropriate for the company, with the understanding that we will cost share investments on a minimum of 1:1 basis HIPS does not pay for staff, drugs or operational cost. HIPS investments help to get companies and clinics at the level to provide quality health services on a sustainable basis, such as training staff in ART/TB/M/RH, improving the lab if needed, facilitating accreditation for free drugs, linking them to district health teams for support supervision
An innovate communications platform designed to promote healthy productive workforces and communities. by breaking down messages into simple steps people can take every day to improve their quality of life
This is what the partnership looks like, Basic Principle: Company clinics have spare capacity that can be used for community testing and treatment at a low marginal cost. Public Private Partnership Model Partners: USAID/HIPS, The GOU/Global Fund, Uganda businesses Not just usaid and companies, product companies (UHMG), insurance company, MOH for drugs/referral
In addition to expanding health services, the HIPS programs also will support OVCs With over 2 million orphans in Uganda, we all need to be part of the response in supporting and caring for OVCs Many Ugandan companies have a tradition of giving back to the communities in which they operate through corporate social responsibility programs. HIPS will encourage companies to incorporate OVC into their CSR programs and foster holistic, comprehensive programs that support OVC households, in areas such as, protection & shelter, nutrition, education, health services, psycho-social support and economic strengthening. We will do so by linking companies with local organizations in their communities providing care to OVC households HIPS will also train and support OVC care givers HIPS will launch an matching grants program to co-invest with companies in OVC programs in your communities.