The document discusses geometric and analytical thinking. It defines an ellipse as the set of points where the sum of the distances to two fixed foci is constant. It describes the elements of an ellipse like foci, focal axis, vertices, major and minor axes. It provides the canonical equation of an ellipse with center at the origin and when the focal axis coincides with the y-axis. It then defines a hyperbola as points where the difference between distances to two foci is constant and describes hyperbola elements like foci, vertices, transverse axis, asymptotes. It gives the canonical equation of a hyperbola centered at the origin and with a general equation.