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HINDU ARCHITECTURE
BY: KIRTI GARG
INTRODUCTION
ARCHITECTURE
[STHAPATYA] IS CLASSIFIED
AS ONE OF THE
CRAFTS[SILPA] AND WAS
FIRST PASSED DOWN TO
MANKIND BY
VISVAKARMAN,THE
FAMOUS DEMIGOD
BUILDER OF THE
UNIVERSE. INDIAN
ARCHITECTURE HAS BEEN
INFLUENCED BY FOREIGN
INVADERS INCLUDING
GREEKS,BACTRICIUS,
PARTHIANS,KUSHANS AND
SAKAS.
ANCIENT BUILDINGS
• THE LOWER CLASSES LIVED IN GRAMAS CONSISTING
OF THATCHED HUTS MADE OF EARTH,STUCCO AND
REED.
• THE UPPER CLASSES LIVED IN WOODEN STRUCTURES
BUILT BY THE WELL HOUNERED CLASS OF CARPENTER
ARCHITECTS.
• EVERY HOUSE HAD A SMALL SACRED AREA CALLED THE
AGNISHALA,WHERE THE DAILY RITES ARE PERFORMED.
• THE KUTIA WERE MADE OF TWISTED TWIGS
INTERWOVEN WITH STRIPS OF PALM-LEAVES FIXED ON
BAMBOO UPRIGHTS AND PLASTERED WITH MUD AND
COW-DUNG.
STYLES OF HINDU
ARCHITECTURE
• DRAVIDIAN STYLE- THIS STYLE IS FOUND IN
THE TEMPLES OF KRISHNA RIVER AND CAPE
COMORIN.
• GOPURAM STYLE- IN THIS TYPE OF STYLE
THE ROOF CONTAINS A VAULTED
OCTAGONAL OR DOMICAL STRUCTURE.
• NAGARA STYLE-THIS STYLE FOUND
BETWEEN THE VINDHYAS AND HIMALAYAS.
THE EVOLUTION OF THE TEMPLES
• INDIA’S HINDU ARCHITECTURE IS DEVELOPED
FROM THE CREATIVITY OF STHAPATHIS AND
SHILPIS.
• BOTH OF THESE COMMUNITY BELONGS TO THE
LARGER COMMUNITY OF CRAFTMEN AND
ARTISANS CALLED VISHWAKARMA{CASTE}.
• ALL THE HINDU TEMPLES IN INDIA FOLLOWS THE
ARCHITECTURE DEFINED IN SHILPA SHASTRAS.
• HOWEVER THERE ARE ARTISTIC VARIATIONS IN
TERMS OF CONSTRUCTION OF SHIKARA
DEMANDING ON REGIONAL CULTURE.
COMPONENTSOFTEMPLES
• VIMANA :-VIMANA REFERS TO THE DOME LIKE
STRUCTURE ABOVE THE GARBHA GRIHA. IT IS ONE
OF THE IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTICS OF A
TEMPLE.
• GOPURAM:-GOPURAM IS THE HUGE TOWER AT THE
ENTRANCE OF A TEMPLE. IT SERVES AS THE
GATEWAY TO THE TEMPLE COMPLEX.
• GARBHAGRIHA:-GARBHAGRIHA REFERS TO THE
INNERMOST SHRINE(SANNIDHI) OR ROOM OF A
TEMPLE, WHERE THE IDOL OF THE MAIN DEITY IS
KEPT. IT IS ROUGH EQUIVALENT TO A SANCTUM
SANCTORUM.
COMPONENTSOFTEMPLES
VIMANA AND
GOPURAM
GARBHAGRIHA
COMPONENTSOFTEMPLES
• ANTARALA :-ANTARALA IS A TRANSITIONAL
SPACE BETWEEN A TEMPLE'S MAIN HALL AND THE
GARBHA GRIHA.
• SHIKHARA :-SHIKHARA REFERS TO THE RISING
TOWER IN A TEMPLE. IT IS EQUIVALENT TO
VIMANA. THERE ARE 3 MAJOR STYLES OF
SHIKHARA.
• MANDAPA:-MANDAPAM IS A PORCH-LIKE
STRUCTURE THROUGH THE GOPURAM AND
LEADING TO THE TEMPLE. IN GENERAL, IT IS A
PILLARED OUTDOOR HALL.
COMPONENTSOFTEMPLES
ANTARALA AND
MANDAPA
SHIKARA
THANK
YOU

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HINDU ARCHITECTURE.pptx

  • 2. INTRODUCTION ARCHITECTURE [STHAPATYA] IS CLASSIFIED AS ONE OF THE CRAFTS[SILPA] AND WAS FIRST PASSED DOWN TO MANKIND BY VISVAKARMAN,THE FAMOUS DEMIGOD BUILDER OF THE UNIVERSE. INDIAN ARCHITECTURE HAS BEEN INFLUENCED BY FOREIGN INVADERS INCLUDING GREEKS,BACTRICIUS, PARTHIANS,KUSHANS AND SAKAS.
  • 3. ANCIENT BUILDINGS • THE LOWER CLASSES LIVED IN GRAMAS CONSISTING OF THATCHED HUTS MADE OF EARTH,STUCCO AND REED. • THE UPPER CLASSES LIVED IN WOODEN STRUCTURES BUILT BY THE WELL HOUNERED CLASS OF CARPENTER ARCHITECTS. • EVERY HOUSE HAD A SMALL SACRED AREA CALLED THE AGNISHALA,WHERE THE DAILY RITES ARE PERFORMED. • THE KUTIA WERE MADE OF TWISTED TWIGS INTERWOVEN WITH STRIPS OF PALM-LEAVES FIXED ON BAMBOO UPRIGHTS AND PLASTERED WITH MUD AND COW-DUNG.
  • 4. STYLES OF HINDU ARCHITECTURE • DRAVIDIAN STYLE- THIS STYLE IS FOUND IN THE TEMPLES OF KRISHNA RIVER AND CAPE COMORIN. • GOPURAM STYLE- IN THIS TYPE OF STYLE THE ROOF CONTAINS A VAULTED OCTAGONAL OR DOMICAL STRUCTURE. • NAGARA STYLE-THIS STYLE FOUND BETWEEN THE VINDHYAS AND HIMALAYAS.
  • 5.
  • 6. THE EVOLUTION OF THE TEMPLES • INDIA’S HINDU ARCHITECTURE IS DEVELOPED FROM THE CREATIVITY OF STHAPATHIS AND SHILPIS. • BOTH OF THESE COMMUNITY BELONGS TO THE LARGER COMMUNITY OF CRAFTMEN AND ARTISANS CALLED VISHWAKARMA{CASTE}. • ALL THE HINDU TEMPLES IN INDIA FOLLOWS THE ARCHITECTURE DEFINED IN SHILPA SHASTRAS. • HOWEVER THERE ARE ARTISTIC VARIATIONS IN TERMS OF CONSTRUCTION OF SHIKARA DEMANDING ON REGIONAL CULTURE.
  • 7. COMPONENTSOFTEMPLES • VIMANA :-VIMANA REFERS TO THE DOME LIKE STRUCTURE ABOVE THE GARBHA GRIHA. IT IS ONE OF THE IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTICS OF A TEMPLE. • GOPURAM:-GOPURAM IS THE HUGE TOWER AT THE ENTRANCE OF A TEMPLE. IT SERVES AS THE GATEWAY TO THE TEMPLE COMPLEX. • GARBHAGRIHA:-GARBHAGRIHA REFERS TO THE INNERMOST SHRINE(SANNIDHI) OR ROOM OF A TEMPLE, WHERE THE IDOL OF THE MAIN DEITY IS KEPT. IT IS ROUGH EQUIVALENT TO A SANCTUM SANCTORUM.
  • 9. COMPONENTSOFTEMPLES • ANTARALA :-ANTARALA IS A TRANSITIONAL SPACE BETWEEN A TEMPLE'S MAIN HALL AND THE GARBHA GRIHA. • SHIKHARA :-SHIKHARA REFERS TO THE RISING TOWER IN A TEMPLE. IT IS EQUIVALENT TO VIMANA. THERE ARE 3 MAJOR STYLES OF SHIKHARA. • MANDAPA:-MANDAPAM IS A PORCH-LIKE STRUCTURE THROUGH THE GOPURAM AND LEADING TO THE TEMPLE. IN GENERAL, IT IS A PILLARED OUTDOOR HALL.