1. Introduction to
Dyslipidaemia
Dyslipidaemia refers to abnormal levels of lipid in the blood, increasing the risk of cardiovascular
diseases. It involves elevated LDL cholesterol, decreased HDL cholesterol, and high triglyceride
levels. Effective management is crucial to reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke.
Name -himanshu meghwal
Group no:-313
2. Pharmacotherapy of Dyslipidaemia
Statins: The first-line treatment for lowering LDL cholesterol levels
Ezetimibe: Inhibits the absorption of cholesterol in the small intestine
PCSK9 inhibitors: Reduce LDL cholesterol levels by increasing the liver's ability to clear LDL
cholesterol from the blood
3. Lipid Lowering Drugs
Statins
Statins are the most
commonly prescribed lipid-
lowering medications. They
work by blocking the enzyme
in the liver that is responsible
for producing cholesterol.
They are effective in reducing
LDL (bad) cholesterol and
have been shown to lower the
risk of heart attack and
stroke.
PCSK9 Inhibitors
These newer drugs help
lower LDL cholesterol by
increasing the number of
receptors on the liver that
remove LDL from the
bloodstream.
They are typically used in
individuals with a genetic
condition that causes
extremely high cholesterol
levels.
Bile Acid
Sequestrants
These drugs work by binding
to bile acids in the intestine,
which decreases the
reabsorption of cholesterol
and ultimately lowers LDL
cholesterol levels.
They are often used in
combination with other lipid-
lowering medications.
4. Mechanism of Action of Lipid
Lowering Drugs
1 Reducing Cholesterol Synthesis
Lipid lowering drugs inhibit the HMG-CoA reductase enzyme, which plays
a key role in cholesterol synthesis.
2 Increasing LDL Receptor Activity
Some drugs increase the number of LDL receptors in the liver, promoting
the clearance of LDL cholesterol from the bloodstream.
3 Decreasing Triglyceride Production
Certain medications reduce the liver's production of triglycerides, leading
to lowered levels in the blood.
5. Haematinics and
Erythropoietin
Haematinics are substances that help in the formation of blood
components, particularly hemoglobin. Erythropoietin, a hormone
produced by the kidneys, stimulates red blood cell production. These
play a crucial role in managing anemia and other blood disorders.
6. Role of Haematinics and
Erythropoietin in blood
formation
Haematinics are essential for the production of hemoglobin, playing a
crucial role in red blood cell formation.
Erythropoietin, a glycoprotein hormone, stimulates the production of
red blood cells in the bone marrow, regulating blood formation.
Together, haematinics and erythropoietin contribute to the
maintenance of healthy blood levels and support overall hematopoiesis.
7. Coagulants
Blood Clotting
Coagulants assist in the
process of blood clotting to
stop bleeding.
Platelet Activation
They promote platelet
activation, forming a crucial
part of the hemostatic
response.
Thrombus Prevention
Coagulants play a role in
preventing the formation of
harmful blood clots.
8. Mechanism of action of Coagulants
1
Activation of Clotting
Cascade
Coagulants promote the
activation of the clotting
cascade, leading to the
formation of fibrin strands.
2
Platelet Activation
They stimulate platelet
activation, enhancing the
formation of a stable blood
clot.
3
Fibrin Stabilization
Coagulants facilitate the
cross-linking of fibrin
strands, strengthening the
blood clot.
9. Side effects of Coagulants
Bleeding Risk
Coagulants may increase
the risk of bleeding or
bruising.
Iron Deficiency
Prolonged use of
coagulants can lead to iron
deficiency anemia.
Allergic Reactions
Some individuals may
experience allergic
reactions to coagulant
medications.
10. Conclusion
In conclusion, the pharmacotherapy of dyslipidaemia and the
mechanism of action of lipid lowering drugs play a crucial role in
managing lipid disorders. Additionally, understanding the role of
haematinics and erythropoietin in blood formation, as well as the
mechanism of action and potential side effects of coagulants, is
essential for comprehensive patient care.
