In late 2007, the United States fell into a "Great Recession." According to the National Bureau of Economic Research the recession officially ended in June 2009, but it took several more years for average household income and expenditures to exceed their 2008 levels in nominal terms. The recession lowered household income and consumer expenditures across all income groups. This Spotlight on Statistics examines trends in income and expenditures and how unevenly the gains were distributed across socioeconomic groups.
This is a PPT that I created for a discussion of the US Federal Budget, the Deficit, and the Debt. Many of the slides are public domain items for Heritage Foundation and Concord Coalition. It led to some very good non-partisan discussions. There is hope!
CCPA Research Associate Jim Stanford's presentation of his analysis of the Drummond report's fiscal and economic projections.
February 16 2012, Toronto
CCPA-Ontario “Deconstructing Drummond” Workshop
This is a PPT that I created for a discussion of the US Federal Budget, the Deficit, and the Debt. Many of the slides are public domain items for Heritage Foundation and Concord Coalition. It led to some very good non-partisan discussions. There is hope!
CCPA Research Associate Jim Stanford's presentation of his analysis of the Drummond report's fiscal and economic projections.
February 16 2012, Toronto
CCPA-Ontario “Deconstructing Drummond” Workshop
There are five primary reasons for charter closures – financial (41.7 percent), mismanagement (24 percent), academic (18.6 percent), district obstacles (6.3 percent) and facilities (4.6 percent).
Cyclical Changes
In a temporary layoff, an employer “suspends” an employee’s job, generally because of slack demand. Both the employer and the employee expect their relationship to resume when economic conditions improve. The employer may even help the employee apply for unemployment insurance benefits so that he or she is more likely to wait out the layoff instead of taking another job.When layoffs are temporary, subsequent recalls can take place quickly, fueling fast payroll growth.
Structural Changes
By contrast, a permanent layoff severs the relationship
between the employer and the employee. The employer
eliminates the job for any of a variety of reasons, including a
permanent fall in demand, technological change, reorganization of production, and local or international outsourcing. Even an employer that ultimately decides to fill the job again will need to search for a new employee.
Together with our findings on temporary layoffs, it suggests that the two most recent recessions were more strongly structural than recessions past.
The Taylor Law (particularly the Triborough Amendment provision) expires on J...Luis Taveras EMBA, MS
The Taylor Law requires that the municipal administration of collective bargaining be “substantially equivalent” to administration of the Taylor Law by the Public Employee Relations Board (“PERB”).6 Accordingly, the New York City Collective Bargaining Law (“NYCCBL”), applicable to public employees in New York City, includes a provision analogous to the Triborough Amendment, and administration of this provision tracks with PERB’s administration of state law.
PRE-RETROACTIVE PAY RAISES: How New York City teachers’ salaries have grown s...Luis Taveras EMBA, MS
Civil servants in New York—virtually all of whom belong to labor unions—generally are paid according to salary schedules providing for periodic pay raises based on job title and longevity. These salary schedule are incorporated in the city’s collective bargaining agreements.
Are Schools Getting a Big Enough Bang for Their Education Technology Buck?Luis Taveras EMBA, MS
Far too often, school leaders fail to consider how technology might dramatically improve teaching and learning, and schools frequently acquire digital devices without discrete learning goals and ultimately use these devices in ways that fail to adequately serve students, schools, or taxpayers.
There are five primary reasons for charter closures – financial (41.7 percent), mismanagement (24 percent), academic (18.6 percent), district obstacles (6.3 percent) and facilities (4.6 percent).
Cyclical Changes
In a temporary layoff, an employer “suspends” an employee’s job, generally because of slack demand. Both the employer and the employee expect their relationship to resume when economic conditions improve. The employer may even help the employee apply for unemployment insurance benefits so that he or she is more likely to wait out the layoff instead of taking another job.When layoffs are temporary, subsequent recalls can take place quickly, fueling fast payroll growth.
Structural Changes
By contrast, a permanent layoff severs the relationship
between the employer and the employee. The employer
eliminates the job for any of a variety of reasons, including a
permanent fall in demand, technological change, reorganization of production, and local or international outsourcing. Even an employer that ultimately decides to fill the job again will need to search for a new employee.
Together with our findings on temporary layoffs, it suggests that the two most recent recessions were more strongly structural than recessions past.
The Taylor Law (particularly the Triborough Amendment provision) expires on J...Luis Taveras EMBA, MS
The Taylor Law requires that the municipal administration of collective bargaining be “substantially equivalent” to administration of the Taylor Law by the Public Employee Relations Board (“PERB”).6 Accordingly, the New York City Collective Bargaining Law (“NYCCBL”), applicable to public employees in New York City, includes a provision analogous to the Triborough Amendment, and administration of this provision tracks with PERB’s administration of state law.
PRE-RETROACTIVE PAY RAISES: How New York City teachers’ salaries have grown s...Luis Taveras EMBA, MS
Civil servants in New York—virtually all of whom belong to labor unions—generally are paid according to salary schedules providing for periodic pay raises based on job title and longevity. These salary schedule are incorporated in the city’s collective bargaining agreements.
Are Schools Getting a Big Enough Bang for Their Education Technology Buck?Luis Taveras EMBA, MS
Far too often, school leaders fail to consider how technology might dramatically improve teaching and learning, and schools frequently acquire digital devices without discrete learning goals and ultimately use these devices in ways that fail to adequately serve students, schools, or taxpayers.
We reviewed publicly available information from all 50 states and found that privacy
protections for the longitudinal databases were lacking in the majority of states. We found that most
states collected information in excess of what is needed for the reporting requirements of the No Child
Left Behind Act and what appeared needed to evaluate overall school progress. The majority of
longitudinal databases that we examined held detailed information about each child in what appeared to
be non-anonymous student records. Typically, the information collected included directory,
demographic, disciplinary, academic, health, and family information. Some striking examples are that
at least 32% of the states warehouse children’s social security numbers, at least 22% of the states record
children’s pregnancies, at least 46% of the states track mental health, illness, and jail sentences as part
of the children’s educational records, and almost all states with known programs collect family wealth
indicators.
Across the seven programs, we find no observable impacts of the cash transfer programs on either the propensity to work or the overall number of hours worked, for either men or women Pooling across the five comparably designed studies to maximize our statistical power to detect effects if they exist, we again find no observable impacts on either work outcome.
Americans feel isolated from the leaders that they sent to Washington to represent them. Therefore, it is imperative, more than ever, that our leaders in Washington focus on addressing and confronting the problems that afflict America today- with both foresight and determination. I am a firm believer that what the American people deserve is a clear and concise explanation from our leaders as to how they do plan solve the most pertinent issues facing the country.
Research consistently finds that charter school closures—about 12 percent since 2002—are most often due to finance and governance challenges, not educational issues. As charter schools increase in numbers, problems associated with their governing boards are also likely to grow.
REPORT TO THE HOUSE COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS ON PRESENT LAW AND SUGGESTION...Luis Taveras EMBA, MS
This document,2 prepared by the staff of the Joint Committee on Taxation (“Joint
Committee staff”), provides an overview of the Internal Revenue Code (“Code”)3 as in effect for
2013 and provides a more detailed description of the Code provisions relevant to the topic area
of each working group. The document also summarizes the suggestions for reform and other
commentary submitted by the public to the various working groups through
http://waysandmeans.house.gov/taxreform/workinggroups.htm. In addition, at the request of
Chairman Camp and Ranking Member Levin, the document briefly summarizes a selection of
proposals to reform the Federal tax system that members of Congress, commissions, and others
have presented to policy makers over the past several years.
Based on these estimates, we examine expected
impacts of future computerisation on US labour market outcomes, with the primary objective of analysing the number of jobs at risk and the relationship between an occupation’s probability of computerisation, wages and educational attainment. According to our estimates, about 47 percent of total US employment is at risk.
Another common pitfall we see is the treatment of blended learning as a standalone education program instead of integrated into the costs associated with day-to-day instruction.
Assessing cost trade offs within the ongoing instructional budget will allow blended learning to be both scalable and sustainable.
Over the past decade, City funding for education has more than doubled, rising from $6.2 billion in FY 2003 to $13.2 billion in FY 2013.
The May Plan assumes that the Department of Education (DOE) will reduce planned spending by a total of $1.2 billion during the financial plan period. This represents 40 percent of the total value of the agency program, which is greater than the DOE’s share of the City-funded budget. The majority of the savings would come from reestimates of the cost of special education ($672 million) and from non-classroom efficiencies ($368 million). The DOE also intends to raise the price of school lunches by $1.00 for students whose families’ incomes exceed 185 percent of the poverty level.
15Introduction The economy of the United State.docxhallettfaustina
1
5
Introduction
The economy of the United States is the world’s largest national economy in nominal terms and the second in terms of purchasing power parity globally. The economy’s currency the US dollar is used to settle most international transactions. The US economy is a mixed one. Its major trading partners are United Kingdom, Canada, Mexico, South Korea and Japan.
The United States’ economy is one of the high industrialized and diversified economies in the world. Its major industries include; energy, transport, healthcare, and agriculture. It is a leading exporter of innovation goods, arms, petroleum products, and electronics.
The Unites states is a consumption economy where most of the goods and services are consumed locally rather than for export promotion. Although the US is one world’s largest exporters of technology goods it imports heavily from Asian economies like China. Its main export markets are the European Union, Canada, China, and Mexico.
The US economy is still recovering from the 2008 global financial crisis. It is also grappling with plummeting oil prices and is greatly concerned about China growing exports into the economy (Potomac, 2010). Lastly, the economy is in a transition because of regime change.
Production output performance analysis
Real GDP
The real GDP is an inflation-adjusted macroeconomic measure of the value of all goods and services that are produced in an economy in a given year. In simple terms, it measures everything that a country produces in a particular year. It is usually expressed in constant prices which enable it to capture economic growth more accurately as compared to the nominal GDP (Feldstein, 1988). From the graph, we can deduce that the GDP of the US was initially rising from the year 2006 up to the year 2008. During this phase the economy was experiencing a boom and was healthy, employment rates were high and consumption was high. However, the economy slides into a recession in the year 2008. During this period the 2008 global financial crises happened. This led to a decline in US GDP, where it hit its lowest point in the last decade. This scenario persisted up to the year 2010. From 2010 the US economy is seen to be in a recovery where the GDP is increasing significantly over the years.
Real GDP Growth Rate
The real GDP growth rate is a measure of economic expansion in relation to real GDP from one financial year to another. It measures how fast the country’s economy is growing. It is largely driven by net exports, personal consumption, and government expenditure and business investment (Feldstein, 1988). From the graphical representation of the real GDP growth rate of US, we are starting with a positive figure which indicates that the economy is expanding healthy. If the economy is growing then by implication so is employment, personal incomes, and business. During the 2008-2009 global financial the economy went into recession and it can be seen that the real GDP growth ra ...
PAD 510 WEEK 10 ASSIGNMENT 4 POWER POINTUsing Assignments 1, 2, .docxmosyrettcc
PAD 510 WEEK 10 ASSIGNMENT 4 POWER POINT
Using Assignments 1, 2, and 3, create a 6–8-slide PowerPoint presentation in which you:
Provide a historical perspective of the policy from Assignment 1.
Describe the official and unofficial actors of the policy from Assignment 2.
Present both of the positions of the policy from Assignment 3.
Persuade the audience that the position you have chosen is worthy of the policy being implemented.
Include at least four peer-reviewed references (no more than five years old) from material outside the textbook. Note: Appropriate peer-reviewed references include scholarly articles and governmental websites. Wikipedia, other wikis, and any other websites ending in anything other than “.gov” do not qualify as peer-reviewed. Use Basic Search: Strayer University Online Library to identify references.
Your assignment must include:
Title slide with the name of the policy, your name, and date.
Reference slide with at least four peer-reviewed references, formatted according to the Strayer Writing Standards.
6–8 slides (the title slide and reference slide are not included in this number).
Icampus.strater.edu
Login: LC9468652853
Password: [email protected]
If Need Be!
Running Head: BUSH TAX CUTS 1
BUSH TAX CUTS 6
Bush Tax Cuts
Delores Blango
Strayer University
Dr. Timothy Smith
PAD 510
May 29, 2020
Bush Tax Cuts
Position in favor of the Policy:
The 2001 and 2003 tax cuts policy was meant to reduce marginal income tax rates and capital gains and dividends. All taxpayers got a reduction in their tax rates depending on their income thresholds. Additionally, the estate tax was completely phased out until 2010. These changes provided significant benefits to the middle class, who got their tax rates reduced by a margin of 3 to 5 percent. This fact means that people in the middle class got to keep a larger share of their salaries and improve their livelihoods. Additionally, all American citizens benefit from a child credit tax rising from $500 to $1000 per child. This change made it easier for low-income families to support their children adequately by providing for their basic needs. Further, there was a marriage penalty relief provision that resulted in the doubling of the basic standard deduction for couples that jointly owned property.
The stated changes lessened the financial burden placed on American citizens. Before the policy, low-income households had to pay a 15 percent tax rate to the government. This condition left a majority of low-income families struggling to meet their financial needs. The Bush tax cuts lowered their tax returns to 10 percent, allowing these families to comfortably budget their overall income (Hungerford, 2010). Additionally, the child credit tax made it easier for parents to meet the basic needs of their children. In the American commun.
PAD 510 WEEK 10 ASSIGNMENT 4 POWER POINTUsing Assignments 1, 2, .docxsmile790243
PAD 510 WEEK 10 ASSIGNMENT 4 POWER POINT
Using Assignments 1, 2, and 3, create a 6–8-slide PowerPoint presentation in which you:
Provide a historical perspective of the policy from Assignment 1.
Describe the official and unofficial actors of the policy from Assignment 2.
Present both of the positions of the policy from Assignment 3.
Persuade the audience that the position you have chosen is worthy of the policy being implemented.
Include at least four peer-reviewed references (no more than five years old) from material outside the textbook. Note: Appropriate peer-reviewed references include scholarly articles and governmental websites. Wikipedia, other wikis, and any other websites ending in anything other than “.gov” do not qualify as peer-reviewed. Use Basic Search: Strayer University Online Library to identify references.
Your assignment must include:
Title slide with the name of the policy, your name, and date.
Reference slide with at least four peer-reviewed references, formatted according to the Strayer Writing Standards.
6–8 slides (the title slide and reference slide are not included in this number).
Icampus.strater.edu
Login: LC9468652853
Password: [email protected]
If Need Be!
Running Head: BUSH TAX CUTS 1
BUSH TAX CUTS 6
Bush Tax Cuts
Delores Blango
Strayer University
Dr. Timothy Smith
PAD 510
May 29, 2020
Bush Tax Cuts
Position in favor of the Policy:
The 2001 and 2003 tax cuts policy was meant to reduce marginal income tax rates and capital gains and dividends. All taxpayers got a reduction in their tax rates depending on their income thresholds. Additionally, the estate tax was completely phased out until 2010. These changes provided significant benefits to the middle class, who got their tax rates reduced by a margin of 3 to 5 percent. This fact means that people in the middle class got to keep a larger share of their salaries and improve their livelihoods. Additionally, all American citizens benefit from a child credit tax rising from $500 to $1000 per child. This change made it easier for low-income families to support their children adequately by providing for their basic needs. Further, there was a marriage penalty relief provision that resulted in the doubling of the basic standard deduction for couples that jointly owned property.
The stated changes lessened the financial burden placed on American citizens. Before the policy, low-income households had to pay a 15 percent tax rate to the government. This condition left a majority of low-income families struggling to meet their financial needs. The Bush tax cuts lowered their tax returns to 10 percent, allowing these families to comfortably budget their overall income (Hungerford, 2010). Additionally, the child credit tax made it easier for parents to meet the basic needs of their children. In the American commun.
Thirty years of growing income inequality, corporate tax cuts and personal tax breaks for the wealthy have undermined the livelihood of working people and set up a state budget crisis which does not need to
exist. We present alternative tax proposals and issue a warning of the ominous consequences of privatization, layoffs and state service cuts for all New Yorkers.
“The prosperity the United States enjoys today is due in no small part to investments the nation has made in research and development at universities, corporations, and national laboratories over the last 50 years.”
"Our $559,667 sample also included four coaching-related payment requests, totaling $12,530, for training and meeting expenses. We found that three of the four sampled coaching-related payments, totaling $4,135, were not adequately supported. None of these three payment requests contained copies of the bills for which NYCLA requested reimbursement, such as an invoice from the venue in which a meeting was held."
"The DOE contracts with three Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) vendors to purchase computer hardware for use by students, teachers, and administrative staff. DOE entered into contracts totaling $209.9 million with Apple Inc. ($105 million), Lenovo Inc. ($81.9 million), and CDW Government LLC, for Google Chromebooks ($23 million)."
"From 2014 through fiscal 2017, for the first time on
record, New York City’s pension contributions exceeded
actual and projected (mostly bond-financed) capital
expenditures. In other words, the city has been spending
more to meet its pension obligations than to build
and renovate bridges, parks, schools, and other public
assets. In fiscal 2018, roughly 57% of contributions will
be needed simply to continue paying down what the
city still owes its pension systems, in order to continue
paying benefits promised to retirees. The rest will
cover the “normal” cost of added benefits earned by
city employees. In other words, if the pension systems
had been fully funded in the past, the city would have
saved more than $5 billion."
American Competitiveness Initiative:Leading the World in Innovation aci06-b...Luis Taveras EMBA, MS
By nearly every relevant metric, the U.S. leads the world in
science and technology. With only about five percent of the
world’s population, the U.S. employs nearly one-third of all
scientists and engineers and accounts for approximately one third of global R&D spending (U.S. R&D spending of over $300
billion is as much as the rest of the G-8 nations combined).
"Council Speaker Melissa Mark-Viverito, a Manhattan Democrat, and Council woman Julissa Ferreras-Copeland, a Queens Democrat who is chairwoman of the council’s Committee on Finance, praised the administration’s efforts to find cost-saving measures but said they remain concerned about rising shelter and pension costs."
"As consumers, Latinos wield more than $1.3 trillion in buying power, and the number of affluent Hispanic households is growing much faster than for the overall population: In 2015, there were approximately 370,000 US Latino households with incomes over $200,000, an increase of 187 percent since 2005."
" The Success Academy Board of Trustees failed to adequately monitor aspects of the finance affairs of SA and did not consistently follow the procedures for operation required by its bylaws"
"In 2013, the Non-Profit Revitalization Act was signed into law, and requires the adoption by non-profit corporations of robust financial oversight requirements, conflict-of-interest policies, and whistleblower policies. Although the Non-Profit Revitalization Act improved the accountability of New York’s non-profit corporations, including the CUNY college foundations, the New York Not-for-Profit Corporation Law (which the Act amended) does not provide specific guidance regarding how non-profit foundations use their assets."
“OpIm relieves instructional leaders of non-instructional tasks so they can focus on student achievement and professional development of the teaching staff.”
New York State depends on Wall Street tax revenues even more than New York City, because the State relies more heavily on
personal and business taxes and does not levy a property tax as the City does.
"You would be surprised that in some schools, the restriction appears to be implicitly understood, since they neither have a line for temporarily restricted funds on their balance sheet nor the statement below in their respective financial statement notes".
The Educational Impact of Broadband Sudsidies for Schools Under ERateLuis Taveras EMBA, MS
"The “universal service fund” pays for E-Rate with a 17.9 percent tax on long distance telecommunications. The term may sound odd; “long distance” is an artifact of the past for most Americans. However, international calls over plain old telephone network are still made, mostly by Latin American migrants living in the U.S. The telecommunications levy hits them particularly hard. More affluent households, on the other hand, use Facetime, Skype and other apps that avoid the tax."
http://www.politico.com/agenda/story/2016/08/stop-spending-money-connecting-schools-to-the-internet-000191
a) Maintaining approximate compensation parity among employees within the same employment categories (for example, among junior software engineers);
b. Maintaining certain compensation relationships among employees across different employment categories (for example, among junior software engineers relative to senior software engineers)
Even among tech companies, Apple's rates are low. And while the company has remade industries, ignited economic growth and delighted customers, it has also devised corporate strategies that take advantage of gaps in the tax code, according to former executives who helped create those strategies.
The amount patients pay can vary widely depending on their insurance plan, and Halford’s cost started at $500 a month, but within a year the drug she needs to say alive was costing her more than $800.
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RMD24 | Retail media: hoe zet je dit in als je geen AH of Unilever bent? Heid...BBPMedia1
Grote partijen zijn al een tijdje onderweg met retail media. Ondertussen worden in dit domein ook de kansen zichtbaar voor andere spelers in de markt. Maar met die kansen ontstaan ook vragen: Zelf retail media worden of erop adverteren? In welke fase van de funnel past het en hoe integreer je het in een mediaplan? Wat is nu precies het verschil met marketplaces en Programmatic ads? In dit half uur beslechten we de dilemma's en krijg je antwoorden op wanneer het voor jou tijd is om de volgende stap te zetten.
The world of search engine optimization (SEO) is buzzing with discussions after Google confirmed that around 2,500 leaked internal documents related to its Search feature are indeed authentic. The revelation has sparked significant concerns within the SEO community. The leaked documents were initially reported by SEO experts Rand Fishkin and Mike King, igniting widespread analysis and discourse. For More Info:- https://news.arihantwebtech.com/search-disrupted-googles-leaked-documents-rock-the-seo-world/
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Improving profitability for small businessBen Wann
In this comprehensive presentation, we will explore strategies and practical tips for enhancing profitability in small businesses. Tailored to meet the unique challenges faced by small enterprises, this session covers various aspects that directly impact the bottom line. Attendees will learn how to optimize operational efficiency, manage expenses, and increase revenue through innovative marketing and customer engagement techniques.
Implicitly or explicitly all competing businesses employ a strategy to select a mix
of marketing resources. Formulating such competitive strategies fundamentally
involves recognizing relationships between elements of the marketing mix (e.g.,
price and product quality), as well as assessing competitive and market conditions
(i.e., industry structure in the language of economics).
Tata Group Dials Taiwan for Its Chipmaking Ambition in Gujarat’s DholeraAvirahi City Dholera
The Tata Group, a titan of Indian industry, is making waves with its advanced talks with Taiwanese chipmakers Powerchip Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation (PSMC) and UMC Group. The goal? Establishing a cutting-edge semiconductor fabrication unit (fab) in Dholera, Gujarat. This isn’t just any project; it’s a potential game changer for India’s chipmaking aspirations and a boon for investors seeking promising residential projects in dholera sir.
Visit : https://www.avirahi.com/blog/tata-group-dials-taiwan-for-its-chipmaking-ambition-in-gujarats-dholera/
What is the TDS Return Filing Due Date for FY 2024-25.pdfseoforlegalpillers
It is crucial for the taxpayers to understand about the TDS Return Filing Due Date, so that they can fulfill your TDS obligations efficiently. Taxpayers can avoid penalties by sticking to the deadlines and by accurate filing of TDS. Timely filing of TDS will make sure about the availability of tax credits. You can also seek the professional guidance of experts like Legal Pillers for timely filing of the TDS Return.
Enterprise Excellence is Inclusive Excellence.pdfKaiNexus
Enterprise excellence and inclusive excellence are closely linked, and real-world challenges have shown that both are essential to the success of any organization. To achieve enterprise excellence, organizations must focus on improving their operations and processes while creating an inclusive environment that engages everyone. In this interactive session, the facilitator will highlight commonly established business practices and how they limit our ability to engage everyone every day. More importantly, though, participants will likely gain increased awareness of what we can do differently to maximize enterprise excellence through deliberate inclusion.
What is Enterprise Excellence?
Enterprise Excellence is a holistic approach that's aimed at achieving world-class performance across all aspects of the organization.
What might I learn?
A way to engage all in creating Inclusive Excellence. Lessons from the US military and their parallels to the story of Harry Potter. How belt systems and CI teams can destroy inclusive practices. How leadership language invites people to the party. There are three things leaders can do to engage everyone every day: maximizing psychological safety to create environments where folks learn, contribute, and challenge the status quo.
Who might benefit? Anyone and everyone leading folks from the shop floor to top floor.
Dr. William Harvey is a seasoned Operations Leader with extensive experience in chemical processing, manufacturing, and operations management. At Michelman, he currently oversees multiple sites, leading teams in strategic planning and coaching/practicing continuous improvement. William is set to start his eighth year of teaching at the University of Cincinnati where he teaches marketing, finance, and management. William holds various certifications in change management, quality, leadership, operational excellence, team building, and DiSC, among others.
Putting the SPARK into Virtual Training.pptxCynthia Clay
This 60-minute webinar, sponsored by Adobe, was delivered for the Training Mag Network. It explored the five elements of SPARK: Storytelling, Purpose, Action, Relationships, and Kudos. Knowing how to tell a well-structured story is key to building long-term memory. Stating a clear purpose that doesn't take away from the discovery learning process is critical. Ensuring that people move from theory to practical application is imperative. Creating strong social learning is the key to commitment and engagement. Validating and affirming participants' comments is the way to create a positive learning environment.
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Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
RMD24 | Debunking the non-endemic revenue myth Marvin Vacquier Droop | First ...BBPMedia1
Marvin neemt je in deze presentatie mee in de voordelen van non-endemic advertising op retail media netwerken. Hij brengt ook de uitdagingen in beeld die de markt op dit moment heeft op het gebied van retail media voor niet-leveranciers.
Retail media wordt gezien als het nieuwe advertising-medium en ook mediabureaus richten massaal retail media-afdelingen op. Merken die niet in de betreffende winkel liggen staan ook nog niet in de rij om op de retail media netwerken te adverteren. Marvin belicht de uitdagingen die er zijn om echt aansluiting te vinden op die markt van non-endemic advertising.
RMD24 | Debunking the non-endemic revenue myth Marvin Vacquier Droop | First ...
High-income Household Spending And The Economic Recovery
1. U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Spotlight on Statistics
Page 1
APRIL 2014
High-income Household Spending And The Economic Recovery
Aaron E. Cobet
In late 2007, the United States fell into a "Great Recession." According to the National Bureau of Economic Research the
recession officially ended in June 2009, but it took several more years for average household income and
expenditures to exceed their 2008 levels in nominal terms. The recession lowered household income and consumer
expenditures across all income groups. This Spotlight on Statistics examines trends in income and expenditures and
how unevenly the gains were distributed across socioeconomic groups.
2. U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Spotlight on Statistics
Page 2
Income and expenditures have returned to 2008 levels
Average levels of income and expenditures have returned to prerecession levels in nominal dollars, which are not
adjusted for price inflation. In 2011, average household income exceeded the 2008 level. Similarly, in 2012, average
consumer expenditures exceeded 2008 levels.
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Income grew predominantly for the higher income quintiles
While average income has returned to prerecession levels, income gains have been distributed unevenly across
income quintiles. (Income quintiles are five equally sized groups of households that have been divided from lowest to
highest according to their annual income.) Between 2008 and 2012, the highest income quintile accounted for more
than 80 percent of the total increase in household income in the United States. The fourth income quintile also
experienced a significant gain between 2008 and 2012, while the lowest, second, and third income quintiles
experienced essentially no change in income.
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Expenditures also grew more for the higher income quintiles
The expenditure gains were also distributed unevenly, but their distribution was less extreme than the distribution of
income. Between 2008 and 2012, the expenditure increases of the highest income quintile accounted for almost half
of the total spending gains across all five quintiles.
The expenditure increases of the fourth quintile were roughly equal to the combined spending increases of the lowest
three quintiles. However, the second income quintile also recorded notable expenditure increases.
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Sources of increased expenditures in the highest quintile
Between 2008 and 2012, the highest income quintile increased overall spending by more than $2,300. Spending
increased by about $3,800 in nine categories, while spending decreased by about $1,500 in five categories.
The largest spending increases were for health care, transportation, and education. Health care spending increased
because of higher expenditures for health insurance and medical supplies; transportation spending increased because
of vehicle purchases; and education spending increased because of college tuition. The largest spending decreases
were for housing.
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Sources of decreased expenditures in the lowest quintile
Between 2008 and 2012, the lowest income quintile decreased overall spending by about $150. Spending decreased
by about $490 in seven categories and increased by about $340 in seven categories.
The decline in spending was due to lower expenditures on apparel—specifically women’s apparel—and the main
increase in spending was because of higher cash contributions. Cash contributions include money given to people or
organizations outside the household, such as alimony payments or contributions to charitable organizations.
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Total household income and expenditures by income levels
The income and expenditure trends across different socioeconomic groups are more pronounced at the extremes of
the income spectrum. Between 2004 and 2012, the total income of all households who earned more than $150,000 (7
percent of the U.S. population in 2012) increased by 9 percent, while the total income of all households who earned
less than $30,000 (33 percent of the population in 2012) decreased by 1 percent.
During the same time period, each income group’s expenditure trends behaved similarly to their income trends. The
total expenditures of all households earning more than $150,000 increased by 9 percent, while the total expenditures
of all households earning less than $30,000 increased only by 1 percent.
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More
Aaron E. Cobet is a senior economist in the Consumer Expenditure Survey Division, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
You can contact him at Cobet.Aaron@bls.gov.
The Consumer Expenditure Survey (CE survey) is a survey of about 70,000 households annually and obtains
information on personal expenditures, income, and other demographic information. Expenditures refer to all personal
expenses, such food, housing, or entertainment. Income refers to all personal income, such as wages or salaries,
pensions, and unemployment or social security benefits. These expenditure and income data in the CE survey are all
expressed in nominal U.S. dollars; they have not been adjusted for price changes.
The CE survey presents the data in different ways. One way is by income quintile. Quintiles are obtained by dividing
the entire population in five income groups of equal size. Another way to present the data are by income segments,
such as "less than $5,000" or "more than $150,000." The low income group of "$29,000 or less" was chosen to
mitigate methodological issues associated with the accuracy of the estimates of income among low income groups.
Part of the decline in income for the lower income group can be explained by income losses from self-employment or
property.
Additional information on consumer expenditures are available on the CE website and in Consumer Expenditures in 2012.