PAD 510 WEEK 10 ASSIGNMENT 4 POWER POINT
Using Assignments 1, 2, and 3, create a 6–8-slide PowerPoint presentation in which you:
Provide a historical perspective of the policy from Assignment 1.
Describe the official and unofficial actors of the policy from Assignment 2.
Present both of the positions of the policy from Assignment 3.
Persuade the audience that the position you have chosen is worthy of the policy being implemented.
Include at least four peer-reviewed references (no more than five years old) from material outside the textbook. Note: Appropriate peer-reviewed references include scholarly articles and governmental websites. Wikipedia, other wikis, and any other websites ending in anything other than “.gov” do not qualify as peer-reviewed. Use Basic Search: Strayer University Online Library to identify references.
Your assignment must include:
Title slide with the name of the policy, your name, and date.
Reference slide with at least four peer-reviewed references, formatted according to the Strayer Writing Standards.
6–8 slides (the title slide and reference slide are not included in this number).
Icampus.strater.edu
Login: LC9468652853
Password: [email protected]
If Need Be!
Running Head: BUSH TAX CUTS 1
BUSH TAX CUTS 6
Bush Tax Cuts
Delores Blango
Strayer University
Dr. Timothy Smith
PAD 510
May 29, 2020
Bush Tax Cuts
Position in favor of the Policy:
The 2001 and 2003 tax cuts policy was meant to reduce marginal income tax rates and capital gains and dividends. All taxpayers got a reduction in their tax rates depending on their income thresholds. Additionally, the estate tax was completely phased out until 2010. These changes provided significant benefits to the middle class, who got their tax rates reduced by a margin of 3 to 5 percent. This fact means that people in the middle class got to keep a larger share of their salaries and improve their livelihoods. Additionally, all American citizens benefit from a child credit tax rising from $500 to $1000 per child. This change made it easier for low-income families to support their children adequately by providing for their basic needs. Further, there was a marriage penalty relief provision that resulted in the doubling of the basic standard deduction for couples that jointly owned property.
The stated changes lessened the financial burden placed on American citizens. Before the policy, low-income households had to pay a 15 percent tax rate to the government. This condition left a majority of low-income families struggling to meet their financial needs. The Bush tax cuts lowered their tax returns to 10 percent, allowing these families to comfortably budget their overall income (Hungerford, 2010). Additionally, the child credit tax made it easier for parents to meet the basic needs of their children. In the American commun.
Power point slide presentation of the final projectobjectivediMARK547399
The document provides guidelines for creating a PowerPoint presentation for a final project. It states that PowerPoint presentations can be a powerful tool to accompany oral presentations but must be carefully prepared to not distract from the speaker. It provides tips for the presentation such as keeping it between 7-15 slides, using readable fonts, and checking it against the grading rubric.
The document discusses several economic and government policy topics including:
1) The U.S. government spends around $3 trillion per year and runs an annual deficit because spending exceeds taxes and other revenues.
2) Issues like global warming require international solutions because the costs of carbon emissions are not fully accounted for and impact the global environment.
3) People are more comfortable with government spending on manufacturing but uneasy about spending on healthcare and education because the former generates income while the latter only incurs costs.
4) State governments spend the most on administration and education.
The document discusses several economic and government policy topics including:
1) The U.S. government spends around $3 trillion per year and runs an annual deficit because spending exceeds taxes and other revenues.
2) Issues like global warming require international solutions because the costs of carbon emissions are not fully accounted for and impact the global environment.
3) People are more comfortable with government spending on manufacturing but uneasy about spending on healthcare and education because the former generates income while the latter only incurs costs.
4) State governments spend the most on administration and education.
This document summarizes the tax code changes and spending cuts that would go into effect on January 1, 2013 if Congress fails to act, known as the "fiscal cliff." Most individual income tax rates would increase substantially. Capital gains and dividend tax rates would also rise significantly. Spending cuts of 9.4% for defense and 8.2% for non-defense programs would take effect. The Congressional Budget Office predicts this would cause the economy to enter a recession with unemployment rising to over 9%. There is debate around a more balanced approach that raises revenues through tax reform in addition to spending cuts.
BUS626 Week 3 - Discussion Forum 2ResponsesGuided Response .docxfelicidaddinwoodie
BUS626 Week 3 - Discussion Forum 2
Responses
Guided Response: In your response, take the opposing view of the original post regarding national debt. Respond to at least two of your fellow students’ and to your instructor’s posts in a substantive manner and provide information or concepts that they may not have considered. Each response should have a minimum of 100 words. Support your opposing view by using information from the week’s readings. You are encouraged to post your required replies earlier in the week to promote more meaningful and interactive discourse in this discussion forum.
Below are two classmates with discussion that need response. They are Lisa Schreiner and Jason Stack
Lisa Schreiner
A deficit is the gap when spending exceeds budget. A surplus is the gap when budget exceeds spending. The debt is an accumulation of deficits less surpluses over time. The large and increasing national debt is definitely an issue we should be concerned about. Persistent increases in debt could lead the US to a failed economy with low credit ratings from Moody’s, and a call on loans we cannot pay. During a recession, the deficit (debt overall) will increase as the US borrows funds to cover the spending gap. During an expansion, the US should decrease spending producing a surplus to lower the overall debt. In recent years, the economy has been running in expansion mode, but yet the government continues to spend, increasing the deficit and debt. This is not a sustainable practice. According to the Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget (2018), “Running large deficits when the economy is already strong means that any boost provided to the economy will be temporary, and may put unnecessary upward pressure on inflation and interest rates. Running permanent deficits means that they will increasingly hurt investment and growth over time. They cannot simply be waited out. Rising deficits are largely driven by the increasing cost of interest and health and retirement programs, which are caused by rising health care prices and an aging population. Yet even with these factors, deficits were on course to decline over the next couple years before Congress enacted fiscally irresponsible tax cuts and spending hikes” (para. 12-13).
John Tamny views the national debt as a give and take, noting we are better off to have the government spending less with some debt than the government spending more and having no debt. John discusses limiting the government’s control on spending and investing into the private sector, generating technological advances and innovation to grow the economy (Tamny, 2020). After reviewing several articles and watching videos in the recommended reading section for the week, I agree, this is an issue and controlling government spending is part of the process. There are four programs consuming a significant portion of government spending: Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid, and ObamaCare. According to PragerU (2014), “to cut spendi.
The document discusses the financial crisis and responses to it. It argues that government policy mistakes led to the crisis and that bailouts will not solve it. Keynesian economic policies like increased spending and stimulus plans will not work and instead will lead to higher long-term government spending and taxation that hinders growth. The ideal approach is to limit government's role to core functions, lower taxes broadly, and let markets correct problems without intervention.
The document discusses the ongoing financial crisis and recession, and argues that government intervention through bailouts and stimulus spending will make the situation worse and lead to higher taxes and a larger government. It advocates for smaller government, lower taxes, and allowing markets to correct themselves without intervention as the best path forward.
The Great Rightward Shift: How Conservatism Shifted the Money to the 1%David Doney
The document discusses how conservative economic policies since 1980 have contributed to increasing income and wealth inequality in the United States. It notes that the top 1% now receive over 20% of income, versus 10% pre-1980, and own 42% of wealth compared to 24% in the mid-1970s. Conservative policies such as tax cuts that disproportionately benefit the wealthy 1% and weakening of unions have shifted more of the economic gains to the top earners over the past several decades. The rise of conservative media has also encouraged working-class voters to support policies that are not in their own economic interests.
Power point slide presentation of the final projectobjectivediMARK547399
The document provides guidelines for creating a PowerPoint presentation for a final project. It states that PowerPoint presentations can be a powerful tool to accompany oral presentations but must be carefully prepared to not distract from the speaker. It provides tips for the presentation such as keeping it between 7-15 slides, using readable fonts, and checking it against the grading rubric.
The document discusses several economic and government policy topics including:
1) The U.S. government spends around $3 trillion per year and runs an annual deficit because spending exceeds taxes and other revenues.
2) Issues like global warming require international solutions because the costs of carbon emissions are not fully accounted for and impact the global environment.
3) People are more comfortable with government spending on manufacturing but uneasy about spending on healthcare and education because the former generates income while the latter only incurs costs.
4) State governments spend the most on administration and education.
The document discusses several economic and government policy topics including:
1) The U.S. government spends around $3 trillion per year and runs an annual deficit because spending exceeds taxes and other revenues.
2) Issues like global warming require international solutions because the costs of carbon emissions are not fully accounted for and impact the global environment.
3) People are more comfortable with government spending on manufacturing but uneasy about spending on healthcare and education because the former generates income while the latter only incurs costs.
4) State governments spend the most on administration and education.
This document summarizes the tax code changes and spending cuts that would go into effect on January 1, 2013 if Congress fails to act, known as the "fiscal cliff." Most individual income tax rates would increase substantially. Capital gains and dividend tax rates would also rise significantly. Spending cuts of 9.4% for defense and 8.2% for non-defense programs would take effect. The Congressional Budget Office predicts this would cause the economy to enter a recession with unemployment rising to over 9%. There is debate around a more balanced approach that raises revenues through tax reform in addition to spending cuts.
BUS626 Week 3 - Discussion Forum 2ResponsesGuided Response .docxfelicidaddinwoodie
BUS626 Week 3 - Discussion Forum 2
Responses
Guided Response: In your response, take the opposing view of the original post regarding national debt. Respond to at least two of your fellow students’ and to your instructor’s posts in a substantive manner and provide information or concepts that they may not have considered. Each response should have a minimum of 100 words. Support your opposing view by using information from the week’s readings. You are encouraged to post your required replies earlier in the week to promote more meaningful and interactive discourse in this discussion forum.
Below are two classmates with discussion that need response. They are Lisa Schreiner and Jason Stack
Lisa Schreiner
A deficit is the gap when spending exceeds budget. A surplus is the gap when budget exceeds spending. The debt is an accumulation of deficits less surpluses over time. The large and increasing national debt is definitely an issue we should be concerned about. Persistent increases in debt could lead the US to a failed economy with low credit ratings from Moody’s, and a call on loans we cannot pay. During a recession, the deficit (debt overall) will increase as the US borrows funds to cover the spending gap. During an expansion, the US should decrease spending producing a surplus to lower the overall debt. In recent years, the economy has been running in expansion mode, but yet the government continues to spend, increasing the deficit and debt. This is not a sustainable practice. According to the Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget (2018), “Running large deficits when the economy is already strong means that any boost provided to the economy will be temporary, and may put unnecessary upward pressure on inflation and interest rates. Running permanent deficits means that they will increasingly hurt investment and growth over time. They cannot simply be waited out. Rising deficits are largely driven by the increasing cost of interest and health and retirement programs, which are caused by rising health care prices and an aging population. Yet even with these factors, deficits were on course to decline over the next couple years before Congress enacted fiscally irresponsible tax cuts and spending hikes” (para. 12-13).
John Tamny views the national debt as a give and take, noting we are better off to have the government spending less with some debt than the government spending more and having no debt. John discusses limiting the government’s control on spending and investing into the private sector, generating technological advances and innovation to grow the economy (Tamny, 2020). After reviewing several articles and watching videos in the recommended reading section for the week, I agree, this is an issue and controlling government spending is part of the process. There are four programs consuming a significant portion of government spending: Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid, and ObamaCare. According to PragerU (2014), “to cut spendi.
The document discusses the financial crisis and responses to it. It argues that government policy mistakes led to the crisis and that bailouts will not solve it. Keynesian economic policies like increased spending and stimulus plans will not work and instead will lead to higher long-term government spending and taxation that hinders growth. The ideal approach is to limit government's role to core functions, lower taxes broadly, and let markets correct problems without intervention.
The document discusses the ongoing financial crisis and recession, and argues that government intervention through bailouts and stimulus spending will make the situation worse and lead to higher taxes and a larger government. It advocates for smaller government, lower taxes, and allowing markets to correct themselves without intervention as the best path forward.
The Great Rightward Shift: How Conservatism Shifted the Money to the 1%David Doney
The document discusses how conservative economic policies since 1980 have contributed to increasing income and wealth inequality in the United States. It notes that the top 1% now receive over 20% of income, versus 10% pre-1980, and own 42% of wealth compared to 24% in the mid-1970s. Conservative policies such as tax cuts that disproportionately benefit the wealthy 1% and weakening of unions have shifted more of the economic gains to the top earners over the past several decades. The rise of conservative media has also encouraged working-class voters to support policies that are not in their own economic interests.
After the US dollar replaced gold, the US debt became the attention worldwide, thus the demand for the US dollar continued, furthermore the extremely low interest of the dollar. This helped the US government to borrow great amounts of debt as well as kept the creditors pleased. Due to the pandemic, the US economy retrograded because of the tax cut and unproductive rescue spending plan plus surpassing spending of the government. The rising inflation starts to increase to high levels, which certainly the government must cut back spending or its patterns, while this will lead to uncertain consequences for the long future. This paper discusses several different perspectives on the US government's sustainability as its ability to settle the debt in future, the fate of growth burdened with that debt through the neoclassical mode of growth, and also the effect of anxiety of defaults and unfunded obligations. Inversely, it explores the strength of the dollar with a low-interest rate and its sustainability worldwide. We also propose ways helping of strengthen the fiscal government position and solutions to help the economy recover in long term and to easiest the situation. In the synopsis, we propose something that could affect and shake the global market.
Thirty years of growing income inequality, corporate tax cuts and personal tax breaks for the wealthy have undermined the livelihood of working people and set up a state budget crisis which does not need to
exist. We present alternative tax proposals and issue a warning of the ominous consequences of privatization, layoffs and state service cuts for all New Yorkers.
The document summarizes 5 articles about economic and fiscal policy issues:
1) An article about economic growth and inflation complicating the Fed's interest rate decisions.
2) Unemployment insurance programs and how extended benefits increase unemployment.
3) New York's plans to address a healthcare budget shortfall for the disabled by reducing spending.
4) Challenges facing Social Security and Medicare funds and the political debate around reforms.
5) Upcoming automatic spending cuts resulting from a 2011 deficit deal between Congress and White House.
- The document discusses Florida's economy and job market following the 2008-2009 recession. It describes how Florida went from an employment growth leader to having high unemployment due to cyclical factors like the housing crisis and global recession.
- Short term recommendations to accelerate job creation included suspending increases to unemployment taxes, promoting Florida's business climate, and providing tax relief to consumers and small businesses.
- Longer term recommendations focused on diversifying Florida's economy and investing in talent creation, innovation, and infrastructure to foster high-skill, high-wage jobs. Developing new non-tax revenue sources was also suggested.
The document discusses the US federal budget deficit and national debt. It notes that the US debt has reached over $15 trillion and the debt-to-GDP ratio is over 60%. It explains the differences between the deficit, debt, outlays, and budget surplus/deficit. Rising mandatory spending on programs like Social Security and Medicare, as well as increased spending after 9/11, have contributed to growing deficits. The large deficit and debt levels can negatively impact the economy and future generations.
Part IThe Uniform Crime Reports page on the FBI government Web sit.docxmosyrettcc
Part I
The Uniform Crime Reports page on the FBI government Web site provides links for their annual
Crime in the United States
publications. Before you are able to view one of these reports, you are given the following disclaimer:
Caution Against Ranking
Each year when
Crime in the United States
is published, some entities use reported figures to compile rankings of cities and counties. These rough rankings provide no insight into the numerous variables that mold crime in a particular town, city, county, state, or region. Consequently, they lead to simplistic and/or incomplete analyses that often create misleading perceptions adversely affecting communities and their residents. Valid assessments are possible only with careful study and analysis of the range of unique conditions affecting each local law enforcement jurisdiction.
The data user is, therefore, cautioned against comparing statistical data of individual reporting units from cities, metropolitan areas, states, or colleges or universities solely on the basis of their population coverage or student enrollment.
Why do you think this cautionary notice is given before users are directed to the FBI's
Crime in the United States
publication? Expand on your viewpoint and find credible sources to support your rationale.
If you would like to visit the Web site, go to http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/ucr.htm#cius.
Part II
Go to http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/ucr.htm#cius, again. Scroll down to the section entitled,
Hate Crime Statistics
, and click on "
Hate Crime Data Collection Guidelines and Training Manual.
"
Using this training guide, complete the following:
Define and describe the following terms:
Prejudice
Stereotype
Discrimination
Racism
Sexism
In-group
Out-group
Conformity
Institutional supports
Social categorization
Point out the distinction between institutional prejudice and personal prejudice.
Explain ways in which stereotypes can influence memory for and perceptions of events.
What are common stereotypes of the specific minority groups explained in the training guide? How may one differentiate those stereotypes from accurate descriptions of the minority groups?
Identify the principal psychological motivations underlying prejudice.
Part III
Based on the information you obtained in Parts I and II, do you think there could be racial or ethnic discrimination in arrests? Does cultural diversity have an impact on law enforcement practice? Provide evidence to support your answer accompanied by proper citation in APA format
.
4-5 pages. Plagiarism must be less then 25% and it must include references
.
Part IPlease provide a definition of organizational learning.The.docxmosyrettcc
Part I
Please provide a definition of "organizational learning."There are many, many, differing definitions of OL - and many opinions on precisely how organizations learn (or if they can even learn at all). Some notable theorists include Chris Argyris, Peter Senge, Bente Elkjaer, James G. March, Herbert A. Simon, Mark Easterbay-Smith, and Fiol & Lyles, among innumerable others.
Is there a difference between the notion of "Organizational Learning" (OL) and that of the "Learning Organization" (LO)? Are we anthropomorphizing (great word!) organizations when we say that they "learn"?
Part II
Please describe the extent to which you believe Google Inc is also a "Learning Organization." If so, how does the organization "learn"? What has the organization "learned," and through what mechanism(s)?
.
PART IIWrite a 2 page research paper (excluding title and refer.docxmosyrettcc
PART II:
Write a 2 page research paper (excluding title and reference pages) on programmer-defined functions. Explain the concepts discussed in the textbook using at least an example not included in the textbook. Use at least 3 resources (Wikipedia sources are not permitted) and list each resource used at the end of paper in the reference list section.
PART
III
:
(at least 4 sentences each.)
Q1: What does Function Declaration and Function Call do?
Q2: Describe the principals of the black box, procedural abstraction and information hiding?
Q3: Describe the differences between void-functions and functions that return one value?
.
Part II Describing RevisionBefore turning in your final version.docxmosyrettcc
Part II: Describing Revision
Before turning in your final version, it is important that you work on revising your writing. Remember that this includes proofreading and organization. After you have done that, write a couple of paragraphs in which you describe what you did to revise your essay. What did you change about it? How did you try to clarify ideas? Did you spend a lot of time proofreading? What did you find to be most valuable about the revision process?
.
PART IDirections Research the recovery work of two of the fol.docxmosyrettcc
PART I
Directions
: Research the recovery work of two of the following organizations:
•
A Federal Government agency (e.g., Dept of Housing & Urban Development)
•
A private company (e.g., BP)
•
A nongovernmental organization (e.g., Habitat for Humanity)
•
A civic organization (e.g., Rotary International)
•
A community organization (e.g., Woodbine Community Organization)
•
A religious organization (e.g., United Methodist Committee on Relief)
Then answer the following questions. Be sure to cite any sources you use. Please visit the Academic Resource Center for concise guidelines on APA format.
1.What are the names of the entities?
2.What is the disaster being addressed?
3.Describe in two paragraphs (one paragraph per entity) the recovery work being conducted.
4.Provide the URL that provides more information about each entity.
5.Compare and contrast the work of the two entities, citing examples.
PART II
Directions
: Based on your review of the article “Recovery Doesn't Just Happen” (see link at the end of the Lecture Notes) write a summary report on the points discussed about disaster/emergency recovery. Please ensure that your report is at least 1.5 pages in length, using 12-point font and double spacing. Be sure to cite any sources you use. Please visit the Academic Resource Center for concise guidelines on APA format.
.
PART IDirections Read the questions below and write a respons.docxmosyrettcc
PART I
Directions:
Read the questions below and write a response of at least two paragraphs in length. Each paragraph must consist of 5 to 7 sentences. Your answers should provide strong examples and details from the textbook.
1.
What does archaeology tell us about the Harappan civilization in India?
2.
What kind of society and culture did the Indo-European Aryans create?
3.
What ideas and practices were taught by the founders of Jainism, Buddhism, and Hinduism?
4.
What was the result of Indian contact with the Persians and Greeks, and what were the consequences of unification under the Mauryan Empire?
5.
What was the impact of China’s geography on the development of Chinese societies?
6.
What was life like during the Shang Dynasty, and what effect did writing have on Chinese culture and government?
7.
How did advances in military technology contribute to the rise of independent states?
8.
What ideas did Confucius teach, and how were they spread after his death?
PART II:
Journal
Directions:
The purpose of the journal is to actively engage in self-learning and opportunities to clarify and reflect upon your thinking of world history in different ways. Further, the journal is intended to help the student gain writing fluency knowledge and creativity in doing so.
You should express your ideas and feelings, special terms, and expressions heard and used to convey historical knowledge and events.
You not only be graded on the content of your journaling activities, but on the completion of the assignment and writing skills required for each journal activity assignment.
Write a minimum of 3 paragraphs that consist of at least 7 sentences for each of the following questions:
1.
If I could be reincarnated I would want to come back as a fish
2.
It really annoys me when people say get over it
3.
If I could change one thing in history it would be , having to get a permit to carry a hand gun.
Discussion part at least 100 words please
What were some of the social, religious and political achievements of the Shang and Zhou dynasties in early Chinese history?
dule 2 Discussion Board
.
Part II Personal Theory PresentationSubmit a 5 to 7 slide prese.docxmosyrettcc
Part II: Personal Theory Presentation
Submit
a 5 to 7 slide presentation where you create your own intervention theory. You may combine theories or you can invent a completely new theory.
Include
the following in your presentation:
Explain your personal theory and why you believe in it.
Describe the theories and theorists that you relate to the best and why.
What surprised you most about the theories learned in class and why?
Format
your presentation consistent with APA guidelines, with speakers notes, and in-text citations.
.
PART II Comparisons Choose one of the three pairs of theorists.docxmosyrettcc
PART II Comparisons
Choose one
of the three pairs of theorists below. Explain how their ideas compare with each other. What are the similarities or continuities? What are the differences? Are they compatible? You should demonstrate that you know what each concept is on its own and attempt to draw comparisons as best you can. Your answer should be about 500-600 words but it is most important than you take the time to formulate a thesis and back it up by making clear and concise comparisons in a well-organized manner.
D. Marx and Weber
Compare and contrast the way that Marx and Weber describe life under the division of labor and the capitalist mode of production. Compare how they both see it as a controlling power that subordinates people to its requirements. How similar are they? Are there any differences to how they see this issue? Look especially at how Marx discusses the “general formula for capital” in
Capital
and how Weber discusses rationalization and the iron cage at the end of
The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism
.
E. Weber and Durkheim
Compare the ways that Weber and Durkheim discuss social stratification. Towards the end of his discussion of “Classes, Status Groups and Parties,” Weber addresses the way the division, grouping and inequality of people on the basis of their economic position in the market affects the social position of status groups, especially when discussing castes and privileges of social ranks. How do markets and individual competition affect the social privileges of status groups? How does this compare with Durkheim’s discussion of caste in the section on the “Forced Division of Labor”? How does caste conflict with the spontaneous distribution of people into occupations?
F. Durkheim and Marx
Both Marx and Durkheim discuss the relation of individual development to the development of the species as a whole through the development of the division of labor. They both agree that the division of labor confers benefits on the species. They may differ on some of the details. Compare and contrast Marx’s and Durkheim’s discussion of the fate of individual and the species as it relates to the division of labor, specialization and the dangers of fragmentation. Look at Marx’s discussion of “Alienated Labor” (and perhaps some parts of the
German Ideology
) and Durkheim’s discussion in the “Anomic Division of Labor” and his “Conclusion” in
The Division of Labor in Society
. How do their views on specialization and human development differ?
.
PART IQ1 Define artificial intelligence” and describe the ran.docxmosyrettcc
PART I:
Q1: Define “artificial intelligence” and describe the range of techniques and applications. Explain the pros and cons of various knowledge representation methods.
Suppose a research built a robot that acted exactly like an insect, like a cockroach. Would that count as “intelligent?” What if it acted exactly like a cocker spaniel? (At least 100 Word)
Q2: Describe the issues faced by video game graphics rendering
Explain the purpose and function of a GPU. List and explain other techniques used for real-time graphics. (At least 100 Word)
Q3: Describe how MMOGs work, and the particular challenges they face. Explain how virtual communities like Second Life operate as MMOGs. (At least 100 Word)
PART II:
Write a 2 page research paper (excluding the title and reference pages) on artificial intelligence. Use three resources (Wikipedia sources are not permitted) and list each resource used at the end of the paper in the reference list section.
.
Part I1.Explain the relationship between technological sophisti.docxmosyrettcc
This document outlines a three-part essay on energy sources. Part I explains the relationship between technological sophistication and energy use, and discusses the costs and benefits of fossil fuels, nuclear power, and renewable energy sources like hydroelectric, solar and wind power. Part II involves researching what percentage of global electricity comes from wind power using an online search engine and discussing if wind power could replace fossil fuels. Part III discusses solutions to the world's energy problem and renewable technologies that can enable sustainable economic growth, citing specific issues and potential solutions using APA style sources over at least one page.
PART IDirections Answer the following questions. Be sure to .docxmosyrettcc
PART I
Directions
: Answer the following questions. Be sure to cite any sources you use. Please visit the Academic Resource Center for concise guidelines on APA format.
1.How is the National Guard deployed to assist in response to a disaster?
2.What is the role of first responders when a routine “minor disaster” occurs in a local community?
3.What drives the actions of local first responders?
4.Where can you find a detailed description of the roles and responsibilities of first responders in your community?
5.Who is usually in charge of developing and maintaining the community emergency plan?
6.Where does the emergency management office reside at the state level? Give three examples.
7.What is the principal source of funding for state emergency management offices?
8.What kinds of things do volunteer organizations provide for victims in the aftermath of a disaster?
9.What is the Incident Command System, and why was it originally developed?
10.What are the five major management systems within the Incident Command System?
11.What is the role of the incident commander?
12.At whose discretion is the decision to make a disaster declaration?
13.What is the National Response Framework?
14.How does the National Response Framework compare to its predecessors, the National Response Plan, and the Federal Response Plan?
15.What are some of the reasons why communications among responding agencies is crucial?
PART II
Directions
: Based on your review of the article “CDC Response to the Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill” (see link at the end of the Lecture Notes) write a summary report on their response to that disaster. Please ensure that your report is at least 1.5 pages in length, using 12-point font and double spacing. Be sure to cite any sources you use. Please visit the Academic Resource Center for concise guidelines on APA format.
.
Part I1.Neil Postman, author of Technology The Surrender of .docxmosyrettcc
Part I:
1.Neil Postman, author of
Technology: The Surrender of Culture to Society,
states that “every technology is both a burden and a blessing: not either-or, but this and that." What is your interpretation of this quote? Provide three examples from readings or lecture that support or counter the premise of Neil Postman's statement.
2.What are the two major considerations pertinent to ethical decision-making when using technology?
3.List and describe four ethical choices that should be considered when developing new technologies?
Part II:
Use Internet resources to prepare a paper on whistle blowing or cybercrime. This essay should be at least one page in length.
Part III:
Using the course textbook and Internet resources, write a paper about a case that illustrates the lack of ethics or social responsibility. There are many examples that you can select: Love Canal, Exxon Valdez, Chernobyl, The Columbia, The Challenger, Three Mile Island, etc. Be sure to include sociological theory, terms and concepts from the required readings and outside sources. Be sure to cite your sources using APA style format. This report should be at least one page in length.
.
Part IAfter reading about the Leopold-Loeb Case, write a 2–3 page .docxmosyrettcc
Part I
After reading about the Leopold-Loeb Case, write a 2–3 page informative paper responding to the following:
How was the victim, Bobby Frank, killed and with what type of weapon?
What would be the primary characteristics of this type of wound?
The investigators linked key evidence from this crime scene to the original source. What was the source, and how valuable was that source of information in connecting one of the defendants to the crime scene?
How would you categorize the motive for the killing in this case?
What type of homicide was this case Leopold-Loeb compared to the types that were learned in the chapter readings?
What are the basic investigative techniques? Did this case follow them? If so, how?
Part II
What is neutralization theory?
Name 5 of these and illustrate how they work.
Define and contrast primary and secondary deviance. Provide an example for each.
What are the policy implications of labeling theory?
.
Part I1.Describe human successes in five technologies and human.docxmosyrettcc
Part I:
1.Describe human successes in five technologies and human failures in five different technologies.
2.Describe two cases mentioned in the lecture or the text that illustrate the impact of technology on society.
3.Discuss the differences in technology use between the Paleolithic and Mesolithic Periods.
Part II:
Use the Internet to research one specific technology of your choice. For example, car, TV, Internet, computers, sewing machines, etc. Describe how this technology impacted society economically, environmentally, medically, and ethically. This essay should be at least one page in length.
Part III:
Write a report about a site that would exemplify issues discussed in the readings from Module 1. Examples may include nuclear plants, factories, waste disposal companies, or medical facilities. Be sure to include sociological theory, terms and concepts from the required readings and outside sources. Be sure to cite your sources using APA style format. This report should be at least one page in length.
.
Part IAnswer in 100 words or moreCopyright laws are changing as.docxmosyrettcc
Part I
Answer in 100 words or more:
Copyright laws are changing as digital sound, image, and video technologies evolve and become easier to use. Although the courts seem to clearly hold that it is illegal to copy media for profit, they are not as clear about the acceptability of modifications. For example, video editing software makes it relatively simple for people to clip out parts of movies they find to be objectionable for themselves or their children. Should it be legal to do so for personal use? What if an organization wanted to rent out such edited copies? What if DVD players and movies were set up so that the devices would edit and display the revised version on the fly? After you consider your own opinion, you might check the Web to see the latest information about this issue.
PART II:
Suppose that there was a nationwide database of electronic medical records, with strong security to try to prevent unauthorized access. What would be the benefits and costs of such a system? Apply the “paramedic method” to analyzing this subject.
Use at least one resource (Wikipedia sources are not permitted) and list each resource used at the end of the paper in the reference list section. Your response should be two pages (excluding the title and reference pages).
PART III:
Write a 2 page research paper (excluding the title and reference pages) on personal privacy and social networks. Use three resources (Wikipedia sources are not permitted) and list each resource used at the end of the paper in the reference list section.
.
PART IDirections Read the questions below and formulate a res.docxmosyrettcc
PART I
Directions:
Read the questions below and formulate a response to each that is at least one hundred words in length. Please cite the textbook and external resources to support your answer
(Wikipedia sources are not permitted). List each resource used at the end of paper in the reference list section. Please remember that you may utilize LIRN to help you search for resources. You can visit the Academic Resource Center for a guide on how to utilize LIRN successfully.
1. List and briefly describe four common difficulties encountered by anthropologists in the field.
2.
Describe four symptoms of culture shock.
3. Contrast formal and informal interviewing.
4. Describe how key informants are selected.
5. Discuss the importance and limitations of participant observation in fieldwork.
6. Contrast a phoneme and a morpheme.
7. Is one language more complex than another? Explain why or why not.
8. Explain how displacement is a part of human symbolic communication.
9. Compare and contrast human and chimpanzee communication.
10. Using examples, explain how silent language is a part of culture.
PART II:
Journal
Using a minimum of three resources (Wikipedia.com is not an option) write a 1 to 2 page paper in APA format to identify and discuss is the term silent language. Explain how a knowledge of silent language is important if one is engaged in international travel or business. Cite examples from readings, the Internet, or print media to illust
.
More Related Content
Similar to PAD 510 WEEK 10 ASSIGNMENT 4 POWER POINTUsing Assignments 1, 2, .docx
After the US dollar replaced gold, the US debt became the attention worldwide, thus the demand for the US dollar continued, furthermore the extremely low interest of the dollar. This helped the US government to borrow great amounts of debt as well as kept the creditors pleased. Due to the pandemic, the US economy retrograded because of the tax cut and unproductive rescue spending plan plus surpassing spending of the government. The rising inflation starts to increase to high levels, which certainly the government must cut back spending or its patterns, while this will lead to uncertain consequences for the long future. This paper discusses several different perspectives on the US government's sustainability as its ability to settle the debt in future, the fate of growth burdened with that debt through the neoclassical mode of growth, and also the effect of anxiety of defaults and unfunded obligations. Inversely, it explores the strength of the dollar with a low-interest rate and its sustainability worldwide. We also propose ways helping of strengthen the fiscal government position and solutions to help the economy recover in long term and to easiest the situation. In the synopsis, we propose something that could affect and shake the global market.
Thirty years of growing income inequality, corporate tax cuts and personal tax breaks for the wealthy have undermined the livelihood of working people and set up a state budget crisis which does not need to
exist. We present alternative tax proposals and issue a warning of the ominous consequences of privatization, layoffs and state service cuts for all New Yorkers.
The document summarizes 5 articles about economic and fiscal policy issues:
1) An article about economic growth and inflation complicating the Fed's interest rate decisions.
2) Unemployment insurance programs and how extended benefits increase unemployment.
3) New York's plans to address a healthcare budget shortfall for the disabled by reducing spending.
4) Challenges facing Social Security and Medicare funds and the political debate around reforms.
5) Upcoming automatic spending cuts resulting from a 2011 deficit deal between Congress and White House.
- The document discusses Florida's economy and job market following the 2008-2009 recession. It describes how Florida went from an employment growth leader to having high unemployment due to cyclical factors like the housing crisis and global recession.
- Short term recommendations to accelerate job creation included suspending increases to unemployment taxes, promoting Florida's business climate, and providing tax relief to consumers and small businesses.
- Longer term recommendations focused on diversifying Florida's economy and investing in talent creation, innovation, and infrastructure to foster high-skill, high-wage jobs. Developing new non-tax revenue sources was also suggested.
The document discusses the US federal budget deficit and national debt. It notes that the US debt has reached over $15 trillion and the debt-to-GDP ratio is over 60%. It explains the differences between the deficit, debt, outlays, and budget surplus/deficit. Rising mandatory spending on programs like Social Security and Medicare, as well as increased spending after 9/11, have contributed to growing deficits. The large deficit and debt levels can negatively impact the economy and future generations.
Similar to PAD 510 WEEK 10 ASSIGNMENT 4 POWER POINTUsing Assignments 1, 2, .docx (6)
Part IThe Uniform Crime Reports page on the FBI government Web sit.docxmosyrettcc
Part I
The Uniform Crime Reports page on the FBI government Web site provides links for their annual
Crime in the United States
publications. Before you are able to view one of these reports, you are given the following disclaimer:
Caution Against Ranking
Each year when
Crime in the United States
is published, some entities use reported figures to compile rankings of cities and counties. These rough rankings provide no insight into the numerous variables that mold crime in a particular town, city, county, state, or region. Consequently, they lead to simplistic and/or incomplete analyses that often create misleading perceptions adversely affecting communities and their residents. Valid assessments are possible only with careful study and analysis of the range of unique conditions affecting each local law enforcement jurisdiction.
The data user is, therefore, cautioned against comparing statistical data of individual reporting units from cities, metropolitan areas, states, or colleges or universities solely on the basis of their population coverage or student enrollment.
Why do you think this cautionary notice is given before users are directed to the FBI's
Crime in the United States
publication? Expand on your viewpoint and find credible sources to support your rationale.
If you would like to visit the Web site, go to http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/ucr.htm#cius.
Part II
Go to http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/ucr.htm#cius, again. Scroll down to the section entitled,
Hate Crime Statistics
, and click on "
Hate Crime Data Collection Guidelines and Training Manual.
"
Using this training guide, complete the following:
Define and describe the following terms:
Prejudice
Stereotype
Discrimination
Racism
Sexism
In-group
Out-group
Conformity
Institutional supports
Social categorization
Point out the distinction between institutional prejudice and personal prejudice.
Explain ways in which stereotypes can influence memory for and perceptions of events.
What are common stereotypes of the specific minority groups explained in the training guide? How may one differentiate those stereotypes from accurate descriptions of the minority groups?
Identify the principal psychological motivations underlying prejudice.
Part III
Based on the information you obtained in Parts I and II, do you think there could be racial or ethnic discrimination in arrests? Does cultural diversity have an impact on law enforcement practice? Provide evidence to support your answer accompanied by proper citation in APA format
.
4-5 pages. Plagiarism must be less then 25% and it must include references
.
Part IPlease provide a definition of organizational learning.The.docxmosyrettcc
Part I
Please provide a definition of "organizational learning."There are many, many, differing definitions of OL - and many opinions on precisely how organizations learn (or if they can even learn at all). Some notable theorists include Chris Argyris, Peter Senge, Bente Elkjaer, James G. March, Herbert A. Simon, Mark Easterbay-Smith, and Fiol & Lyles, among innumerable others.
Is there a difference between the notion of "Organizational Learning" (OL) and that of the "Learning Organization" (LO)? Are we anthropomorphizing (great word!) organizations when we say that they "learn"?
Part II
Please describe the extent to which you believe Google Inc is also a "Learning Organization." If so, how does the organization "learn"? What has the organization "learned," and through what mechanism(s)?
.
PART IIWrite a 2 page research paper (excluding title and refer.docxmosyrettcc
PART II:
Write a 2 page research paper (excluding title and reference pages) on programmer-defined functions. Explain the concepts discussed in the textbook using at least an example not included in the textbook. Use at least 3 resources (Wikipedia sources are not permitted) and list each resource used at the end of paper in the reference list section.
PART
III
:
(at least 4 sentences each.)
Q1: What does Function Declaration and Function Call do?
Q2: Describe the principals of the black box, procedural abstraction and information hiding?
Q3: Describe the differences between void-functions and functions that return one value?
.
Part II Describing RevisionBefore turning in your final version.docxmosyrettcc
Part II: Describing Revision
Before turning in your final version, it is important that you work on revising your writing. Remember that this includes proofreading and organization. After you have done that, write a couple of paragraphs in which you describe what you did to revise your essay. What did you change about it? How did you try to clarify ideas? Did you spend a lot of time proofreading? What did you find to be most valuable about the revision process?
.
PART IDirections Research the recovery work of two of the fol.docxmosyrettcc
PART I
Directions
: Research the recovery work of two of the following organizations:
•
A Federal Government agency (e.g., Dept of Housing & Urban Development)
•
A private company (e.g., BP)
•
A nongovernmental organization (e.g., Habitat for Humanity)
•
A civic organization (e.g., Rotary International)
•
A community organization (e.g., Woodbine Community Organization)
•
A religious organization (e.g., United Methodist Committee on Relief)
Then answer the following questions. Be sure to cite any sources you use. Please visit the Academic Resource Center for concise guidelines on APA format.
1.What are the names of the entities?
2.What is the disaster being addressed?
3.Describe in two paragraphs (one paragraph per entity) the recovery work being conducted.
4.Provide the URL that provides more information about each entity.
5.Compare and contrast the work of the two entities, citing examples.
PART II
Directions
: Based on your review of the article “Recovery Doesn't Just Happen” (see link at the end of the Lecture Notes) write a summary report on the points discussed about disaster/emergency recovery. Please ensure that your report is at least 1.5 pages in length, using 12-point font and double spacing. Be sure to cite any sources you use. Please visit the Academic Resource Center for concise guidelines on APA format.
.
PART IDirections Read the questions below and write a respons.docxmosyrettcc
PART I
Directions:
Read the questions below and write a response of at least two paragraphs in length. Each paragraph must consist of 5 to 7 sentences. Your answers should provide strong examples and details from the textbook.
1.
What does archaeology tell us about the Harappan civilization in India?
2.
What kind of society and culture did the Indo-European Aryans create?
3.
What ideas and practices were taught by the founders of Jainism, Buddhism, and Hinduism?
4.
What was the result of Indian contact with the Persians and Greeks, and what were the consequences of unification under the Mauryan Empire?
5.
What was the impact of China’s geography on the development of Chinese societies?
6.
What was life like during the Shang Dynasty, and what effect did writing have on Chinese culture and government?
7.
How did advances in military technology contribute to the rise of independent states?
8.
What ideas did Confucius teach, and how were they spread after his death?
PART II:
Journal
Directions:
The purpose of the journal is to actively engage in self-learning and opportunities to clarify and reflect upon your thinking of world history in different ways. Further, the journal is intended to help the student gain writing fluency knowledge and creativity in doing so.
You should express your ideas and feelings, special terms, and expressions heard and used to convey historical knowledge and events.
You not only be graded on the content of your journaling activities, but on the completion of the assignment and writing skills required for each journal activity assignment.
Write a minimum of 3 paragraphs that consist of at least 7 sentences for each of the following questions:
1.
If I could be reincarnated I would want to come back as a fish
2.
It really annoys me when people say get over it
3.
If I could change one thing in history it would be , having to get a permit to carry a hand gun.
Discussion part at least 100 words please
What were some of the social, religious and political achievements of the Shang and Zhou dynasties in early Chinese history?
dule 2 Discussion Board
.
Part II Personal Theory PresentationSubmit a 5 to 7 slide prese.docxmosyrettcc
Part II: Personal Theory Presentation
Submit
a 5 to 7 slide presentation where you create your own intervention theory. You may combine theories or you can invent a completely new theory.
Include
the following in your presentation:
Explain your personal theory and why you believe in it.
Describe the theories and theorists that you relate to the best and why.
What surprised you most about the theories learned in class and why?
Format
your presentation consistent with APA guidelines, with speakers notes, and in-text citations.
.
PART II Comparisons Choose one of the three pairs of theorists.docxmosyrettcc
PART II Comparisons
Choose one
of the three pairs of theorists below. Explain how their ideas compare with each other. What are the similarities or continuities? What are the differences? Are they compatible? You should demonstrate that you know what each concept is on its own and attempt to draw comparisons as best you can. Your answer should be about 500-600 words but it is most important than you take the time to formulate a thesis and back it up by making clear and concise comparisons in a well-organized manner.
D. Marx and Weber
Compare and contrast the way that Marx and Weber describe life under the division of labor and the capitalist mode of production. Compare how they both see it as a controlling power that subordinates people to its requirements. How similar are they? Are there any differences to how they see this issue? Look especially at how Marx discusses the “general formula for capital” in
Capital
and how Weber discusses rationalization and the iron cage at the end of
The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism
.
E. Weber and Durkheim
Compare the ways that Weber and Durkheim discuss social stratification. Towards the end of his discussion of “Classes, Status Groups and Parties,” Weber addresses the way the division, grouping and inequality of people on the basis of their economic position in the market affects the social position of status groups, especially when discussing castes and privileges of social ranks. How do markets and individual competition affect the social privileges of status groups? How does this compare with Durkheim’s discussion of caste in the section on the “Forced Division of Labor”? How does caste conflict with the spontaneous distribution of people into occupations?
F. Durkheim and Marx
Both Marx and Durkheim discuss the relation of individual development to the development of the species as a whole through the development of the division of labor. They both agree that the division of labor confers benefits on the species. They may differ on some of the details. Compare and contrast Marx’s and Durkheim’s discussion of the fate of individual and the species as it relates to the division of labor, specialization and the dangers of fragmentation. Look at Marx’s discussion of “Alienated Labor” (and perhaps some parts of the
German Ideology
) and Durkheim’s discussion in the “Anomic Division of Labor” and his “Conclusion” in
The Division of Labor in Society
. How do their views on specialization and human development differ?
.
PART IQ1 Define artificial intelligence” and describe the ran.docxmosyrettcc
PART I:
Q1: Define “artificial intelligence” and describe the range of techniques and applications. Explain the pros and cons of various knowledge representation methods.
Suppose a research built a robot that acted exactly like an insect, like a cockroach. Would that count as “intelligent?” What if it acted exactly like a cocker spaniel? (At least 100 Word)
Q2: Describe the issues faced by video game graphics rendering
Explain the purpose and function of a GPU. List and explain other techniques used for real-time graphics. (At least 100 Word)
Q3: Describe how MMOGs work, and the particular challenges they face. Explain how virtual communities like Second Life operate as MMOGs. (At least 100 Word)
PART II:
Write a 2 page research paper (excluding the title and reference pages) on artificial intelligence. Use three resources (Wikipedia sources are not permitted) and list each resource used at the end of the paper in the reference list section.
.
Part I1.Explain the relationship between technological sophisti.docxmosyrettcc
This document outlines a three-part essay on energy sources. Part I explains the relationship between technological sophistication and energy use, and discusses the costs and benefits of fossil fuels, nuclear power, and renewable energy sources like hydroelectric, solar and wind power. Part II involves researching what percentage of global electricity comes from wind power using an online search engine and discussing if wind power could replace fossil fuels. Part III discusses solutions to the world's energy problem and renewable technologies that can enable sustainable economic growth, citing specific issues and potential solutions using APA style sources over at least one page.
PART IDirections Answer the following questions. Be sure to .docxmosyrettcc
PART I
Directions
: Answer the following questions. Be sure to cite any sources you use. Please visit the Academic Resource Center for concise guidelines on APA format.
1.How is the National Guard deployed to assist in response to a disaster?
2.What is the role of first responders when a routine “minor disaster” occurs in a local community?
3.What drives the actions of local first responders?
4.Where can you find a detailed description of the roles and responsibilities of first responders in your community?
5.Who is usually in charge of developing and maintaining the community emergency plan?
6.Where does the emergency management office reside at the state level? Give three examples.
7.What is the principal source of funding for state emergency management offices?
8.What kinds of things do volunteer organizations provide for victims in the aftermath of a disaster?
9.What is the Incident Command System, and why was it originally developed?
10.What are the five major management systems within the Incident Command System?
11.What is the role of the incident commander?
12.At whose discretion is the decision to make a disaster declaration?
13.What is the National Response Framework?
14.How does the National Response Framework compare to its predecessors, the National Response Plan, and the Federal Response Plan?
15.What are some of the reasons why communications among responding agencies is crucial?
PART II
Directions
: Based on your review of the article “CDC Response to the Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill” (see link at the end of the Lecture Notes) write a summary report on their response to that disaster. Please ensure that your report is at least 1.5 pages in length, using 12-point font and double spacing. Be sure to cite any sources you use. Please visit the Academic Resource Center for concise guidelines on APA format.
.
Part I1.Neil Postman, author of Technology The Surrender of .docxmosyrettcc
Part I:
1.Neil Postman, author of
Technology: The Surrender of Culture to Society,
states that “every technology is both a burden and a blessing: not either-or, but this and that." What is your interpretation of this quote? Provide three examples from readings or lecture that support or counter the premise of Neil Postman's statement.
2.What are the two major considerations pertinent to ethical decision-making when using technology?
3.List and describe four ethical choices that should be considered when developing new technologies?
Part II:
Use Internet resources to prepare a paper on whistle blowing or cybercrime. This essay should be at least one page in length.
Part III:
Using the course textbook and Internet resources, write a paper about a case that illustrates the lack of ethics or social responsibility. There are many examples that you can select: Love Canal, Exxon Valdez, Chernobyl, The Columbia, The Challenger, Three Mile Island, etc. Be sure to include sociological theory, terms and concepts from the required readings and outside sources. Be sure to cite your sources using APA style format. This report should be at least one page in length.
.
Part IAfter reading about the Leopold-Loeb Case, write a 2–3 page .docxmosyrettcc
Part I
After reading about the Leopold-Loeb Case, write a 2–3 page informative paper responding to the following:
How was the victim, Bobby Frank, killed and with what type of weapon?
What would be the primary characteristics of this type of wound?
The investigators linked key evidence from this crime scene to the original source. What was the source, and how valuable was that source of information in connecting one of the defendants to the crime scene?
How would you categorize the motive for the killing in this case?
What type of homicide was this case Leopold-Loeb compared to the types that were learned in the chapter readings?
What are the basic investigative techniques? Did this case follow them? If so, how?
Part II
What is neutralization theory?
Name 5 of these and illustrate how they work.
Define and contrast primary and secondary deviance. Provide an example for each.
What are the policy implications of labeling theory?
.
Part I1.Describe human successes in five technologies and human.docxmosyrettcc
Part I:
1.Describe human successes in five technologies and human failures in five different technologies.
2.Describe two cases mentioned in the lecture or the text that illustrate the impact of technology on society.
3.Discuss the differences in technology use between the Paleolithic and Mesolithic Periods.
Part II:
Use the Internet to research one specific technology of your choice. For example, car, TV, Internet, computers, sewing machines, etc. Describe how this technology impacted society economically, environmentally, medically, and ethically. This essay should be at least one page in length.
Part III:
Write a report about a site that would exemplify issues discussed in the readings from Module 1. Examples may include nuclear plants, factories, waste disposal companies, or medical facilities. Be sure to include sociological theory, terms and concepts from the required readings and outside sources. Be sure to cite your sources using APA style format. This report should be at least one page in length.
.
Part IAnswer in 100 words or moreCopyright laws are changing as.docxmosyrettcc
Part I
Answer in 100 words or more:
Copyright laws are changing as digital sound, image, and video technologies evolve and become easier to use. Although the courts seem to clearly hold that it is illegal to copy media for profit, they are not as clear about the acceptability of modifications. For example, video editing software makes it relatively simple for people to clip out parts of movies they find to be objectionable for themselves or their children. Should it be legal to do so for personal use? What if an organization wanted to rent out such edited copies? What if DVD players and movies were set up so that the devices would edit and display the revised version on the fly? After you consider your own opinion, you might check the Web to see the latest information about this issue.
PART II:
Suppose that there was a nationwide database of electronic medical records, with strong security to try to prevent unauthorized access. What would be the benefits and costs of such a system? Apply the “paramedic method” to analyzing this subject.
Use at least one resource (Wikipedia sources are not permitted) and list each resource used at the end of the paper in the reference list section. Your response should be two pages (excluding the title and reference pages).
PART III:
Write a 2 page research paper (excluding the title and reference pages) on personal privacy and social networks. Use three resources (Wikipedia sources are not permitted) and list each resource used at the end of the paper in the reference list section.
.
PART IDirections Read the questions below and formulate a res.docxmosyrettcc
PART I
Directions:
Read the questions below and formulate a response to each that is at least one hundred words in length. Please cite the textbook and external resources to support your answer
(Wikipedia sources are not permitted). List each resource used at the end of paper in the reference list section. Please remember that you may utilize LIRN to help you search for resources. You can visit the Academic Resource Center for a guide on how to utilize LIRN successfully.
1. List and briefly describe four common difficulties encountered by anthropologists in the field.
2.
Describe four symptoms of culture shock.
3. Contrast formal and informal interviewing.
4. Describe how key informants are selected.
5. Discuss the importance and limitations of participant observation in fieldwork.
6. Contrast a phoneme and a morpheme.
7. Is one language more complex than another? Explain why or why not.
8. Explain how displacement is a part of human symbolic communication.
9. Compare and contrast human and chimpanzee communication.
10. Using examples, explain how silent language is a part of culture.
PART II:
Journal
Using a minimum of three resources (Wikipedia.com is not an option) write a 1 to 2 page paper in APA format to identify and discuss is the term silent language. Explain how a knowledge of silent language is important if one is engaged in international travel or business. Cite examples from readings, the Internet, or print media to illust
.
PART IDirections Read the questions below and formulate a respo.docxmosyrettcc
PART I
Directions: Read the questions below and formulate a response to each that is at least one hundred words in length. Please cite the textbook and external resources to support your answer (Wikipedia sources are not permitted). List each resource used at the end of paper in the reference list section. Please remember that you may utilize LIRN to help you search for resources. You can visit the Academic Resource Center for a guide on how to utilize LIRN successfully.
1.Briefly describe two goals for anthropological research.
2.Discuss one difficulty that cultural anthropologists encounter when they strive to apply the scientific method.
3.What are the four fields of anthropology, and what kinds of phenomena do anthropologists working in these areas study?
4.Discuss how anthropology is unique when compared with other disciplines.
5.Explain the concept of ethnocentrism. How can it be harmful to the ethnocentric person and to others?
6.List the three major components of culture.
7.Explain what is meant by a subculture.
8.How is race a cultural construct?
9.Define and explain the concept of culture.
10.Discuss why human skin color cannot be used to identify between human ethnic groups.
PART II: Journal
Using a minimum of three resources (Wikipedia.com is not an option) write a 1 to 2 page paper in APA format to identify and discuss how anthropologists use the scientific method to investigate and explain human cultural behavior. Why is it sometimes difficult to apply the scientific method in studies of other cultures?
.
Part I1.Explain how the Cairo 1994 Population Conference strate.docxmosyrettcc
Part I:
1.Explain how the Cairo 1994 Population Conference strategy of increased women’s responsibility and education will help to reduce fertility rates. What sub-issues are also brought forth from this approach?
2.Interpret and further explain the world arguments for and against birth control in Section 24. Also try to interpret and represent different cultures’ and non-western, developing countries’ viewpoints.
3.Outline clearly why declining world fertility rates do not reduce population growth at a parallel rate.
4.Describe why the concept of population carrying capacity is difficult to apply to the human population.
5.Describe the dynamics of food supply for increasing human populations.
Part II:
Explain why population growth is more rapidly growing in the lower developed countries and will account for most of the new population by 2025.
Part III:
Using the Internet and other sources, research in more detail food supply problems for LDC’s and industrialized nations in view of the next century’s population growth and their national population growth.
.
Part I. Short Answer. 30 Points. Answer all five questions.docxmosyrettcc
Part I. Short Answer. 30 Points.
Answer all five questions. Your answers should use most or all of each available line space. (5 questions, 6 points apiece.)
Saint Augustine saw the Trinitarian image of God in these three operations of the human mind: ______________________________________
What does
Filioque
mean in English? _______________
For Richard of St. Victor, why must there be three persons in the Trinity?
____________________________________
According to St. Thomas, what are the two processions in the Trinity? ____________________
For Karl Rahner, what is the problem with using the word “Person” to talk about the members of the Trinity today? _______________________________________
Part II.
Short Essay. 30 points.
Answer any two of the following four questions (15 points apiece). Write five full lines for your answer.
1. Write five lines about the missions of Son and Spirit in St. Augustine.
2. Write five lines about notions from Aristotle that Aquinas brought to his theology.
3. Write five lines about Divine poverty and self-emptying in Hans Urs Von Balthasar.
4.
Write five lines about the Divine
perichoresis
in Kallistos Ware.
Part III.
Essay. 40 points.
Answer any two of the following four questions (20 points apiece). Write eight lines for each of your answers.
Write eight lines about the notions of procession, relation, and person in Thomas Aquinas,
or
about the Trinity in St. Bonaventure.
2. Write eight lines about the
Filioque
controversy, including both the Western (Catholic) and Eastern (Orthodox) perspectives.
3. Write eight lines about the Trinitarian Image of God in the human mind in Augustine.
4. Write eight lines about what the Eastern perspective on the Trinity offered by Kallistos Ware.
Part IV.
Extra Credit. 5 points.
Answer any one of the following two questions. Write five lines for your answer.
1. Write five lines about how human relationships and society are supposed to be affected by the doctrine of the Trinity, drawing from any thinker, including Benedict XVI.
2. Write five lines about the Trinity in Richard of St. Victor.
.
PART I – Short Response Answer in 1-2 paragraphsThe Korean .docxmosyrettcc
PART I – Short Response:
Answer in 1-2 paragraphs
The Korean War unofficially ended in 1953, resulting in the Communist North and Democratic South Korean states being divided by the Demilitarized Zone. How has the reclusive North Korean “juche” or communist government affected the geography of Southeast Asia? Consider economics, politics, culture, and potential military actions or alliances.
PART II – SHORT RESEARCH PAPER
Directions
: Search for two (2) peer reviewed research articles that will serve as the basis for your homework this week.
deBlij, Muller, and Nigman (2014) discuss the Kashmir dispute between Pakistan and India in your text. It has been a longstanding geographical problem that involves all aspects of geography, but has a focus in cultural geography. Write a 2 page double-spaced, APA-formatted essay that evaluates the following:
What is the major concern with the Kashmir problem?
What parties/countries are involved in the Kashmir problem?
Has this dispute become violent?
Where does the issue stand today?
In your opinion, which side is correct in the Kashmir dispute?
Offer an idea that would provide a resolution to the dispute.
Include a map with your document that clearly demonstrates the area that is at dispute in the Kashmir.
.
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀
تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
CapTechTalks Webinar Slides June 2024 Donovan Wright.pptxCapitolTechU
Slides from a Capitol Technology University webinar held June 20, 2024. The webinar featured Dr. Donovan Wright, presenting on the Department of Defense Digital Transformation.
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...indexPub
The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
Accounting for Restricted Grants When and How To Record Properly
PAD 510 WEEK 10 ASSIGNMENT 4 POWER POINTUsing Assignments 1, 2, .docx
1. PAD 510 WEEK 10 ASSIGNMENT 4 POWER POINT
Using Assignments 1, 2, and 3, create a 6–8-slide PowerPoint
presentation in which you:
Provide a historical perspective of the policy from Assignment
1.
Describe the official and unofficial actors of the policy from
Assignment 2.
Present both of the positions of the policy from Assignment 3.
Persuade the audience that the position you have chosen is
worthy of the policy being implemented.
Include at least four peer-reviewed references (no more than
five years old) from material outside the textbook. Note:
Appropriate peer-reviewed references include scholarly articles
and governmental websites. Wikipedia, other wikis, and any
other websites ending in anything other than “.gov” do not
qualify as peer-reviewed. Use Basic Search: Strayer University
Online Library to identify references.
Your assignment must include:
Title slide with the name of the policy, your name, and date.
Reference slide with at least four peer-reviewed references,
formatted according to the Strayer Writing Standards.
6–8 slides (the title slide and reference slide are not included in
this number).
Icampus.strater.edu
Login: LC9468652853
Password: [email protected]
If Need Be!
Running Head: BUSH TAX CUTS
1
BUSH TAX CUTS
6
2. Bush Tax Cuts
Delores Blango
Strayer University
Dr. Timothy Smith
PAD 510
May 29, 2020
Bush Tax Cuts
Position in favor of the Policy:
The 2001 and 2003 tax cuts policy was meant to reduce
marginal income tax rates and capital gains and dividends. All
taxpayers got a reduction in their tax rates depending on their
income thresholds. Additionally, the estate tax was completely
phased out until 2010. These changes provided significant
benefits to the middle class, who got their tax rates reduced by a
margin of 3 to 5 percent. This fact means that people in the
middle class got to keep a larger share of their salaries and
improve their livelihoods. Additionally, all American citizens
benefit from a child credit tax rising from $500 to $1000 per
child. This change made it easier for low-income families to
support their children adequately by providing for their basic
needs. Further, there was a marriage penalty relief provision
3. that resulted in the doubling of the basic standard deduction for
couples that jointly owned property.
The stated changes lessened the financial burden placed on
American citizens. Before the policy, low-income households
had to pay a 15 percent tax rate to the government. This
condition left a majority of low-income families struggling to
meet their financial needs. The Bush tax cuts lowered their tax
returns to 10 percent, allowing these families to comfortably
budget their overall income (Hungerford, 2010). Additionally,
the child credit tax made it easier for parents to meet the basic
needs of their children. In the American community, children
are a vital asset. Low income and middle-class families
benefited from this policy since they could invest the extra $500
in education and sustaining the livelihood of these children.
Conclusively, the tax cuts improved the livelihoods of American
citizens across the board through better financial planning of
their added income.
Position against the Policy:
Despite the good intentions of the policy, it did not deliver
as expected. The policy's primary aim was to ensure that
Americans were living comfortably, even in times of economic
hardships. The policy promised to create new jobs, potentially
generate new federal wealth, and allow for the creation of new
opportunities for businesses. In the first month of the policy’s
implementation, the economy recorded a boost in approximately
132 million jobs. However, in 2004, the number of available
jobs had reduced to 131 million (Hungerford, 2010).
Additionally, within the first 3 years of its implementation, no
new jobs had been added into the market. Further, organizations
were required to pay their employees a better income. Instead,
more people lost their jobs as a result of the policy. According
to research, the labour market became fragile, with the number
of people that were unemployed for more than 6 months
significantly increasing. The condition grew worse in the 2007
recession with a record 4.3 percent of the labor force being laid
off. As a result, by October 2009, the unemployment rate had
4. hit an alarming 10.2 percent. The government did little to
stimulate the economy despite the end of the recession.
The American people felt that the tax cuts had done little for
their financial position. The promises made by the government
were not met, leaving the American citizens in a more difficult
position. Loss of employment primarily affected the lower-
income homes and part of the middle class. With the loss of
income, the poverty rates in the country rose. There was a
significant impact on the livelihoods of American citizens. The
results reflected on the nation’s GDP. The federal government’s
budget got into debts that required taxpayers to give back more
in the form of taxes. However, this was impossible since the
policy was built to last until 2010.
Response Argument in Favor of the Policy:
The stability and reliability of a government are heavily
dependent on the comfort of its citizens. Despite its attempts to
allow all citizens to live in comfort, the policy benefited the
high-income taxpayers better than it did the lower-income
majority. The top 1 percent that made over $374, 000 got tax
cuts of approximately $50, 000 annually. By the end of the
feasibility of the policy, this population got cuts of
approximately $570,000. Ironically, the lower-income
households got cuts of up to 5 percent. However, since they are
low-income households, this did not accumulate to a significant
decrease in the long run. The high-income earners got a 6.7
percent increase in their income, while the middle 20 percent
got a 2.8 percent increase (Hungerford, 2012). The lower-
income class, which accounts for the larger percentage of
American citizens, only got a 1 percent increase in their
income. Conclusively, despite the good intentions of the
government, the result of the tax cuts became counterproductive
for those it was meant to benefit.
Response Argument against the Policy:
The unemployment rates came as a result of the unforeseen
consequences of the policy. The Bush administration had over-
promised without taking into account the static nature of
5. America’s economy. The tax cuts were supposed to pay
themselves through increased economic growth. However,
instead of increased economic growth, the country faced a
recession that resulted in lower tax revenues. As the
government made promises, the treasury estimated that the
policy would only make a 10 percent return to the government
at best (Ettlinger & Linden, 2013). Additionally, the idea was to
ensure that high-income households gave as much as they
benefited from the tax cuts. However, the 3 years into the
policy’s implementation, the government got into larger
economic deficits and debts. The result was an increase in
income inequality that led to the larger low-income population
losing their jobs in order to sustain businesses.
Evidence suggests that economic expansion during Bush’s
administration was less than average. Reports suggest that the
impact the policy had was mediocre on the American economy.
Literature made a comparison between tax rises of the 1990s
and Bush’s tax cuts policies. The tax increases resulted in faster
job growth and a significant boost in the economy. Lastly, the
decreased dividends rates on businesses had little impact on
business investments and employment rates. Employees'
compensation after 2003 significantly reduced, and multiple
people lost their jobs. Conclusively, the Bush tax cut policy
hurt the American citizens' financial position. While it was
expected to increase the income range of the vast majority, the
population that needed it the most only got a 1 percent raise.
Those that already had financial stability got a 6.7 percent
increase in their income.
In conclusion, the Bush administration eventually became a
liability for American citizens rather than an economic boost.
The situation got worse in 2007. The American economy
struggled to get back on track in 2009 and 2010. The
disappointment posed by this policy was a result of over-
optimism in a policy that was dependent on the economy, a
factor that is constantly changing.
6. References
Hungerford, T. L. (2010). The Bush Tax Cuts and the Economy.
DIANE Publishing. https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R41393.pdf
Hungerford, T. L. (2012). The 2001 and 2003 Bush Tax Cuts
and Deficit Reduction. Congressional Research Service.
https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42020.pdf
Horton, E. (2017). The Legacy of the 2001 and 2003 ‘Bush’Tax
Cuts. Washington: Center on Budget and Policy Priorities.
https://www.cbpp.org/sites/default/files/atoms/files/3-31-
17tax.pdf
Linden, M., & Ettlinger, M. (2013, July 1). Three good reasons
to let the high-end Bush tax cuts disappear this year. Center for
American Progress.
https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/economy/news/2010/0
7/29/8166/three-good-reasons-to-let-the-high-end-bush-tax-
cuts-disappear-this-year/
Running head: BUSH TAX CUTS 1
BUSH TAX CUTS 6
7. Bush Tax Cuts
Delores Blango
Strayer University
Dr. Timothy Smith
PAD 510
May 15, 2020
Bush Tax Cuts
Policy Summary
Tax cut policies discussed in George W. Bush and Obama’s
presidency are some of the biggest changes in tax policy to
occur in the history of the United States. The initial policies
were the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act
of 2001 (EGTRRA) and the Jobs and Growth Tax Relief
Reconciliation Act of 2003(JGTRRA) enacted during President
Bush’s administration (Horton, 2017). These were later
followed by the Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance
Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010 and the
American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 passed under Obama’s
leadership.
The reasoning behind the Bush Tax Cut was to effectively
utilize the budget surplus that came about during the
presidential term of Bill Clinton. Additionally, the Americans
had a large tax burden that needed to be relieved. More so, the
low income earners had to pay a large tax percentage for their
low wages. The tax cut were also meant to increase economic
growth by ensuring that Americans had a large disposable
income that could be used in investment. However, Horton
(2017) argues that the tax cuts see to have been more beneficial
to the top 1% whose income after tax increased by over 5% per
annum.
The tax cut discussions continued into President Obama’s era
due to the sunset provisions in the Bush Tax Cut. After year
2010, the country was supposed to go back to using the old
system but this would place more burdens on the low income
8. households (Wamhoff & Gardner, 2018). The policies passed by
Obama tries to create income equality by lowering tax for low
income households and increasing taxes for the top 1%. Obama
not only concentrated on lower taxes but also on increasing
wage rate and productivity through the Tax Relief,
Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation
Act.
Stakeholder
The Presidents involved in the development of the tax policies
are some of the primary stakeholders. President George W.
Bush in his campaign had promised the Americans to relief
them on the tax burden and, therefore had to fulfill his promise.
Additionally, the country, at the time, was experiencing a
slower economic growth, which he attributed to the lack of a
disposable income among Americans that could be used in
investments. Bush’s argument was that the strategy would help
release more of the income for the Americans so they would
have a little more to save and invest in various sectors of the
economy.
The U.S Congressional leaders also make up part of the
stakeholders in the development of these policies. President
Obama felt that the policies should be made through the
combined efforts of the Democrats and the Republicans. While
the Republicans felt that the Bush Tax Cuts should be extended,
the Republicans felt that the tax cuts were creating more
problems than solution for the American economy. The
Republican brought to light the negative effect of the tax costs
such as the increased debt of the country. Furthermore, they
took note of the increased income inequality between the low
and high income families, requiring that a solution be sought for
the matter.
The combined efforts between the Republicans and the
Democrats led to the success in making of the policies during
Obama’s era. President Obama as a key stakeholder opted to
increase the tax rates for high income earners, while ensuring
that it remains low for the low income families. Additionally,
9. Obama’s role was to ensure that the Americans did not suffer
due to the difference in thoughts between the Republicans and
Democrats. The acts he enacted would also serve in ensuring
that the country did not slip into a recession. President Obama
successfully managed to solve the problems with the initial tax
cuts enacted in Bush’s administration.
The American citizens also have a primary interest in the
matter. They are the main group impacted by the tax cut,
whereby it would ease the tax burden. As indicated by Ballard-
Rosa, Martin, and Scheve (2017), Americans were concerned
that the taxes favored the rich, while the poor still hard a large
tax burden. There should be difference between the tax rates for
the poor and those for the rich. Most people are in agreement
with the policies by President Obama, whereby there is a
difference in the tax bracket depending on an individual’s
income group (Ballard-Rosa, Martin, & Scheve. 2017).
Economic groups in America are some of the interest groups
lobbying for tax cuts. These groups are interested in ensuring
that the economic well-being of the citizens is maintained and
that economic development is achieved. While these groups felt
that lowering taxes would do well for the citizens, they also
worried that the economy would experience a number of
setbacks such as increased debts. They also felt that cutting tax
by itself would not increase economic development and urged
the government to utilize other measures that would encourage
investment in American economic sectors.
Political Influence of the Players
The American citizens have a political influence in the
formulation of laws in the United States. Many of the political
decisions made within a country have to be acceptable to the
citizens as they people determine which leaders they would like
in the government (Dermont, Ingold, Kammermann, &
Stadelmann-Steffen, 2017). Therefore, in formulating their
policies, both presidents had to consider the reactions of the
citizens towards the intended policies. The motive of the people
is to ensure that the policy favors their well-being and
10. contributes towards the growth of their economy.
Furthermore, conflicts in the tax policy development between
the people and the government can be seen whereby the tax
increases the income inequality. The politicians make up part of
the top 1% in the American economy, whereby it seemed as if
this group was favoring itself. The reach already benefited from
other economic policies, which help them increase their income
levels, which means that they were not overburdened by the
taxes (Wamhoff & Gardner, 2018). However, during Obama’s
administration, a consensus was reached, in which income
inequality was reduced. In addition, this administration also
made reforms that sort to increase job opportunities for the
unemployed and increase the wage rates for the working class,
thus ensuring equal wealth distribution.
The U.S congress makes the policies alongside the president.
The congress members during Obama’s administration argued
that the changes to the tax after 2000 resulted to increased debts
and unequal distribution of wealth (Wamhoff & Gardner, 2018).
The congress is composed of Republicans and Democrats. The
two groups were engaged in opposite sides of a political warfare
surrounding the sunset provision of the Bush Tax Cuts. Despite
their differences in thoughts, they understood that they had to
come to an agreement that would ensure that the poor enjoyed
more tax breaks as compared to those enjoyed by the rich. Their
impact on policy making was to enact the economic recovery
legislation, which would minimize the negative effects caused
by the Bush Tax Cuts (Wamhoff & Gardner, 2018). The two
groups put aside their differences and works towards a better
economy, thus gaining the trust of the citizens during this
period.
References
Ballard-Rosa, C., Martin, L., & Scheve, K. (2017). The
structure of American income tax policy preferences. The
Journal of Politics, 79(1), 1-16.
https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdfplus/10.1086/687324
Dermont, C., Ingold, K., Kammermann, L., & Stadelmann-
11. Steffen, I. (2017). Bringing the policy making perspective in: A
political science approach to social acceptance. Energy policy,
108, 359-368.
www.academia.edu/download/55611137/Dermont_etal_2017_En
ergyPolicy.pdf
Horton, E. (2017). The Legacy of the 2001 and 2003 ‘Bush’Tax
Cuts. Washington: Center on Budget and Policy Priorities.
https://www.cbpp.org/sites/default/files/atoms/files/3-31-
17tax.pdf
Wamhoff, S., & Gardner, M. (2018). Federal tax cuts in the
Bush, Obama, and Trump years. Institute on Taxation and
Economic Policy, 11.
https://prosperitynow.org/sites/default/files/event/2018-
10/ITEP-
Federal_Tax_Cuts_in_the_Bush_Obama_and_Trump_Years-
2018.pdf
Running head: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 1
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 5
Bush Tax Cuts
Delores Blango
Strayer University
Dr. Timothy Smith
PAD 510
April 25, 2020
12. Bush Tax Cuts
Policy Overview
Tax cut policies were discussed over George W. Bush and
Obama’s administrations. They were changes to the tax code,
initially passed during President George W. Bush’s presidency
and extended to Barack Obama’s presidency (Zidar, 2019).
Commonly referred to as the Bush tax cuts, they were a serried
of tax acts enacted by the congress to American families. The
Bush tax cuts included the Economic Growth and Tax Relief
Reconciliation Act of 2001 (EGTRRA) and the Jobs and Growth
Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003 (JGTRRA) (Zidar, 2019).
Due to the sunset provision in this tax cuts, there was an
extended debate which was resolved by President Barack Obama
through the Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance
Reauthorization, and Job Creation At of 2010 and the American
Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (Vianna, 2017).
Historical Perspective and Urgency
The tax cuts came about from Bush’s campaign policies, in
which he had promised Americans that he would lower taxes if
elected. Upon taking office, Bush felt that the best way to use
the budget surplus that was develop in Bill Clinton’s
Administration was through lowering taxes (Gale et al., 2019).
Furthermore, Bush argued that the tax cuts would help minimize
the tax burden for the low income earners and increase the rate
of economic growth. That is, the tax burden became higher for
the rich, while the poor shoulders fewer burdens (Gale et al.,
2019). However, there were arguments that the tax cuts would
increase the national debt, which the President Bush refuted.
The Bush Tax cuts had a sunset provision, whereby the country
would revert back to the old tax system in by the end of the year
2010. There was urgency in the development of other
public policies as a way of dealing with the previous provisions.
The laws passed by President Obama’s administration helped to
13. ensure that fewer households experienced tax increases. The
biggest worry at the time was the increasing national debt,
whereby some members of the congress felt that the tax cuts
would have more adverse effects on the economy (Yuhn &
Bennett, 2016). Therefore, Obama developed a bill that not only
maintained low tax for single people and married people with
yearly incomes of not more than $400,000 and $450,000
respectively, but also provided other economic incentives that
would offset the debt.
Social, Economic, and Political Environments
The United States economy was experiencing a slow economic
growth at the time when George W. Bush became the president.
According to Yuhn and Bennett (2016) changes in tax policy
has an impact on the investment spending within a country.
Therefore, Bush’s idea was to lower the taxes for households,
which in return would increase personal disposable income.
Consequently people would have more disposable income to use
in investment, successfully driving economic growth.
Furthermore, the tax cuts were put in place when there was a
need to increase employment opportunities for Americans
(Zidar, 2019).
There was considerable political controversy surrounding the
incorporation of the tax cuts. The Democratic Party
congressional opponents criticized the cuts, arguing that it
would increase the income inequality gap (Yuhn & Bennett,
2016). On the other hand, in Obama’s presidency there was a
debate as to whether the country would revert back to the
previous legislation or the Bush tax cuts would be continued.
Republican senators argued that filibustering would be a good
strategy to prevent the development of a new legislation.
Furthermore, there were speculation that President Obama was
engaging a political triangulation at the time of these debates
before deciding to extend the tax cuts of two years.
The United States has always had social relationship networks,
in which the Americans interact with one another and give their
opinions concerning different factors affecting their country.
14. The Bush tax cuts were publicized, whereby the people debated
on whether these public policies would benefit all people or just
a portion of the society (Yuhn, & Bennett, 2016). The people
felt that the wealthy were more likely to benefit from the tax
cuts, especially because they benefited from other economic
policies. During Obama’s administration, the policy debate
came at a time when many people were using social media.
Therefore, the extension of the tax cuts was widely discussed
online, with citizens providing varying opinions.
Policy Critique
Although the Bush tax cuts did decrease the income tax for most
households, the benefits were mostly ripped by the high income
families. The tax cuts contributed to 4.1% tax rates fall for to
1% in the U.S. economy while for the rest of the Americans it
only reduced by 2%. Therefore, it can be concluded that the
Bush tax cuts were not an effective strategy as the poor still had
to deal with a high tax burden when they are receiving a low
income. However, the amendments made by the Obama’s
administration seem to yield more benefits to the country
(Vianna, 2019). They had tax cut remain low for the low income
earners, while the rest of the households continue to pay high
taxes. Additionally, the policy signed by Obama included jobs
legislation. This policy has led to an increase in capital stock,
productivity, and higher wage rates (Gale, Gelfond, Krupkin,
Mazur, & Toder, 2019).
References
Gale, W. G., Gelfond, H., Krupkin, A., Mazur, M. J., & Toder,
E. J. (2019). Effects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act: A
preliminary analysis. National Tax Journal, 71(4), 589-612.
https://www.taxpolicycenter.org/sites/default/files/publication/1
55349/2018.06.08_tcja_summary_paper_final.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Andre_Vianna4/publicatio
n/318079731_Effects_of_Bush_Tax_Cut_and_Obama_Tax_Incr