Feedingstuffs are products of vegetable or animal origin in their natural state, fresh or preserved, and products derived from the industrial processing thereof, and organic or inorganic substances, used singly or in mixtures, whether or not containing additives, for oral animal feeding. Good animal feeding plays a vital role in animal health & welfare and in the production of safe and quality products of animal origin. The increasing demand for proteins of animal origin has led to intensification of livestock production, mainly based on the use of industrial compound feed. This has led to an increasing use of selected feed grains and fodder seeds, pesticides and fertilizers, new and unconventional materials in the production of feed such as biofuel by-products and several others agro-industrial by-products. In the past years, several contamination episodes have raised attention on the importance of ensuring feed safety and on the need to prevent and control the presence of old and nGood animal feeding plays a vital role in animal health & welfare and in the production of safe and quality products of animal origin. The increasing demand for proteins of animal origin has led to intensification of livestock production, mainly based on the use of industrial compound feed. This has led to an increasing use of selected feed grains and fodder seeds, pesticides and fertilizers, new and unconventional materials in the production of feed such as biofuel by-products and several others agro-industrial by-products. In the past years, several contamination episodes have raised attention on the importance of ensuring feed safety and on the need to prevent and control the presence of old and nGood animal feeding plays a vital role in animal health & welfare and in the production of safe and quality products of animal origin. The increasing demand for proteins of animal origin has led to intensification of livestock production, mainly based on the use of industrial compound feed. This has led to an increasing use of selected feed grains and fodder seeds, pesticides and fertilizers, new and unconventional materials in the production of feed such as biofuel by-products and several others agro-industrial by-products. In the past years, several contamination episodes have raised attention on the importance of ensuring feed safety and on the need to prevent and control the Good animal feeding plays a vital role in animal health & welfare and in the production of safe and quality products of animal origin. The increasing demand for proteins of animal origin has led to intensification of livestock production, mainly based on the use of industrial compound feed. This has led to an increasing use of selected feed grains and fodder seeds, pesticides and fertilizers, new and unconventional materials in the production of feed such as biofuel by-products and several others agro-industrial by-products. In the past years, several contamination episodes have raised attention o

1. •Feeding of high lactating Animals and rumen protection technology

3. Problem
• In high producing dairy animals, especially during early lactation
• the amount of energy and protein required for maintenance of body tissues and
milk production often exceeds the amount of energy available from diet which
results in a negative energy balance
• Traditionally, cereal grains have been used to increase the energy density of diet in
the ration of high producing dairy cattle, which adversely affect the dry matter
intake, depresses fiber digestion and results in milk fat depression syndrome.

6. Solution
A viable option is to supplement protected fat in the diet of lactating cows and buffaloes, which
positively affect efficiency of these animals through a combination of caloric and non-caloric effects.
• Caloric effects are attributable to greater energy content and energetic efficiency of lipids as compared
to that of carbohydrates or proteins with the overall benefit being increased milk production.
• The non-caloric effects include improved reproductive performance and altered fatty acid profile of
milk.
The supplementation of protected protein in the diets of lactating animals increases the milk yield due to
proportionate increase in the supply of amino acids to the host postruminally.
• Feeding protected protein in diets containing supplemental fat may alleviate the decrease in milk
protein percentage associated with fat supplementation.

8. • Protected nutrient technology is one such approach, involving feed management through passive
rumen manipulation, by which the dietary nutrients (fat and protein) are protected from hydrolysis,
• The protected nutrients mainly include protected fat and protein and it is also called as bypass
nutrients. The other protected nutrients are protected starch, chelated minerals and vitamins
• Protected protein
• Highly degradable proteinious oil cakes when ingested by ruminants, result in large scale
ammonia production, much of it gets wasted as urea excreted through urine. Proteins need to be
protected from excessive ruminal degradation and can be used as protected protein, so that the
amino acids from these protein feeds are absorbed intact from the intestines of the animal for tissue
protein synthesis

15. Methods of preparation
1) Heat treatment: Dry heat >100 ºC Denature protein and blocks reactive sites for microbial proteolytic
enzymes
• For GNC heating at 150°C for 2 Hrs and soybean at 100-130°C for 30 min
• Traditional boiling of crushed maize and wheat It can also over-protect the protein (Maillard reaction).
2) Formaldehyde treatment: @ 0.5-1.5 (1%) of crude protein -Spray required amount of formaldehyde
on oil cake in closed chamber -Seal in plastic bag for 4-7 days -Formalin adsorbed on particles –
Reversible pH dependent protein protection.
3)Tannins:-Tannin-protein complex -Microbial proteases not able to degrade in rumen -Abomasal acidic
pH breaks tannin-protein complex -Protein free for enzymatic digestion at lower GIT.

16. 4) Amino acid protection: encapsulation -Applied for methione (a.a.) mostly -By mixing Met. With
fats or fatty acids and sometimes by addition of carbonates, Kaolins, lecithins, etc-Glycosylation:-
MHA (methionine hydroxy analogue and HMB (DL-2-Hydroxy-4-ethylthio-butanoic acid) coated
with Ca salt of palm fatty acids oils have shown rumen inertness
5)Others :-Esophageal groove closure-by copper sulphate-Post ruminal infusions of casein

23. If fat feed in
excess of 4-5%

25. By Pass fat
• Generally, ration of high yielding dairy animals during early lactation is energy deficient. The
deficiency is further increased by decreased feed intake and higher quantity of milk production.
• Under field conditions, animals often shed around 80-100 kg body weight after calving.
• This leads to delayed conception in animals after calving resulting into longer inter-calving intervals.
Such animals produce less milk during this period, thus, decreased lactation yield.
• At this stage of lactation, farmers usually supplement their animals with oil or ghee. But this is not
economical and also hampers fibre digestion in the rumen.

26. Feeding bypass fat supplement to high yielders during advance pregnancy and early lactation helps in
minimizing the energy deficiency this in turn would help in improving milk production and reproduction.
Use of the bypass fat should be in the ration of dairy animals for 10 days before and 90 days after calving.
It can be supplemented in the ration of dairy animals @ 15-20 g per kg milk production or 100 -150 g
per animal per day.
Feeding bypass fat does not hamper fibre digestion and is always beneficial than feeding ghee/oil harm to
rumen microflora and fauna.
No chances of acidosis