High Ethane Fuel Gas_ Combustors
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1. The document discusses a gas turbine generator site with power demands of 23MW. The gas turbines on site are Siemens SGT-400 models rated at 13.9MW each. 2. It describes challenges with using higher hydrocarbon and hydrogen-rich fuels in gas turbines, such as increased risk of flashback and combustion instability. Heavier fuels require heating to maintain a suitable modified Wobbe index. 3. Solutions proposed include heating the fuel gas to adjust its Wobbe index, and rig testing of combustors with higher calorific value, high hydrogen fuels to evaluate performance.
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The document discusses points related to sub critical and super critical boiler design, including boiler design parameters, chemical treatment systems, operation, feedwater systems, boiler control, and startup curves. It provides explanations of sub critical and super critical boiler technologies, comparing drum type sub critical boilers to drumless super critical boilers. Key differences in operation and response to load changes are highlighted.
Boiler Efficiency.pptx
Boiler efficiency is affected by many factors and declines over time without proper maintenance and operation. It is important to regularly test boiler efficiency to identify problems and take corrective actions. There are two main methods for calculating efficiency - direct and indirect. The indirect (heat loss) method involves measuring flue gas and air properties to calculate controllable losses like dry gas loss and carbon monoxide loss. Maintaining optimal excess air levels is important for complete combustion and efficiency.
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This document provides an overview of boiler energy audits. It discusses the importance of auditing boilers to evaluate performance and efficiency over time. The direct and indirect methods for evaluating boiler efficiency are described. Key factors that affect boiler operating efficiency are outlined, such as fuel quality, air supply, and boiler maintenance. Typical losses in boilers like dry flue gas and moisture are also summarized. Finally, the document lists some energy conservation opportunities for boilers like reducing excess air and stack temperatures.
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Heat rate is the pulse rate of a power plant to know the health of the plant.
Net heat rate is the single parameter that encompasses total performance indices of a power plant.
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High Ethane Fuel Gas_ Combustors
- 1. 1 GAS TURBINE GENERATOR Site power demand: 23MW Make – Siemens Model – SGT- 400 (3+1 Units) Rating: 13.9 MW (ISO), 10.2MW site rating @45°C. DLE combustors Speed – 9500 RPM 2 – SALIENT FEATURES OF MAIN EQUIPMENT, PROBLEMS, DECISIONS
- 2. Footer can be customized2 Typical Gas Turbine Typical Gas Turbine
- 3. Gas Turbine Combustor Footer can be customized3 Blue Lines represents Compressed Air from Axial compressor Red Lines Represents Fuel Gas and Hot Gases DLN / DLE Combustor
- 4. Comparison of Flame Speeds Footer can be customized4 Flame Speed
- 5. Ar-Ratawi Fuel Gas composition Footer can be customized5
- 6. Footer can be customized6 Heavier Hydrocarbon, Flash back H2, Flash back Inert Gases, Blown Out Fuel Gas Mapping • High hydrocarbon fuels are significantly more reactive and energetic (Similar to H2) compared to natural gas. • Wobbe Index: The index defines the heating value of a quantity of gas that will flow through a hole of a given size in a given amount of time. The higher the index the higher the heating value.
- 7. Footer can be customized7 Blown Out. Blown out occurs when the flame becomes detached from the location where it is anchored and is physically “blown out” of the combustor. Due to low WI, Mass flow rate of fuel through injector will increase (As it is required to provide the same Heat release) resulting in Pressure drop with possible flame detachment Result : Dynamic Pressure Amplitudes Solution : Changing the Fuel Injector Nozzle design (High inert gas components) Flashback. Flashback occurs when the turbulent flame speed exceeds the flow velocity (Gas Velocity of gas before combustion), allowing the flame to propagate upstream into the premixing section (Which is not designed for higher temperature). (High Hydrogen and Higher Hydrocarbons components) When Flashback occurs acoustic oscillations in the premixer section causes fluctuations in the fuel and/or air supply rates, thus producing a reactive mixture whose equivalence ratio changes periodically in time. Result : Mixture fluctuation is transferred to the flame where it produces heat release oscillations that drive the Combustion instability. Combustion Instability. Combustion instabilities are characterized by large amplitude pressure oscillations that are driven by unsteady heat release Due to Heavier Hydrocarbons / Hydrogen in fuel composition will Increase the flame speed and change flame Centre of Mass (Increasing the Burner Metal Temp.). Chances of Hot spot due to shorter convection time in the combustor.
- 8. Footer can be customized8 Modified Wobbe Index (MWI): By increasing the fuel supply temp wobbe index is altered from ISO conditions. The fuel supply temperature impacts the actual volumetric fuel flow. “All gas mixtures that have the same Wobbe number will give the same amount of heat.” MWI=LHV/(SG * Tgas) 0.5 LHV = Lower heating value of the gas in Btu/scf SG = Specific gravity of the gas fuel related to air Tgas= Absolute temperature of the gas fuel in oR Ethane content vol % 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Min Supply Temp C 2.5 3.0 11.0 20.0 29.0 37.0 46.0 54.0 63.0 Dew Point C < -20 < -20 < -20 < -20 < -20 < -20 < -20 < -20 < -20 Temp Corr Wobbe Index kj/m3 48214 48939 48991 48957 48926 48975 48946 48993 48965 Wobbe Index @ iso kj/m3 47156 47909 48650 49380 50101 50811 51513 52205 52888 For standard SGT-400 operation, Siemens generally accept fuels within a MWI range 37 – 49MJ/m3. SOLUTION 1 : Heating the Fuel Gas (Heavier Hydrocarbon)
- 9. Footer can be customized9 SOLUTION 2: RIG TESTING OF COMBUSTORS (High Calorific value High H2) COMBUSTORS
- 10. Footer can be customized10 TEST ARRANGMENT
- 11. Footer can be customized11 TYPICAL RESULTS