The document discusses two types of hierarchies: 1) A settlement hierarchy which ranks settlements from largest to smallest based on population size and number of services. The top-ranked settlement would be a large city with many hospitals, shops, etc. while a small village might only have a post office. 2) A shopping hierarchy which ranks shopping areas from those that sell high-order specialist goods to wide catchment areas, to those selling convenience goods to local neighborhoods. Large shopping centers would be at the top while corner stores would be at the bottom.

2. Settlement hierarchy Activity: Draw a large pyramid diagram with 4 layers, then fill in the settlements in the correct places. Then draw the table underneath. Post office or perhaps none Very small Hamlet Large railway station, shopping centre, cathedral, large hospital, museum, etc Very large City Several shops and churches, doctors/ dentist, bank, high school, supermarket Quite large Town Church, post office, school, small shops Small Village Services Size Name of settlement

3. Settlement hierarchy City Town Village Hamlet

4. Shopping hierachy Types of shopping areas can be put into a hierarchy. At the bottom are shops that sell low order goods (also known as convenience goods) such as food and newspapers. These are usually found in housing estates. At the top of the hierarchy are shops that sell high order goods (also known as specialist goods ) such as furniture or jewellery. These shops are usually found in large centres or in the CBD. The catchment area describes the area from which people are likely to come to buy goods. Shopping centres have a wide catchment area, whereas corner shops have a small catchment area.

5. Activity: Draw a large pyramid diagram with 5 layers, then fill in the shops in the correct places. Then draw the table underneath. Shopping hierachy Large and purpose-built centres just for shopping and sell high order goods to people from the wider area e.g. Trafford Centre Out-of-town shopping centres The town centre is busy and has specialist shops that attracts people from all around Central Business District (CBD) Small undercover centres found near the city centre and stock low and high order goods Small shopping centres Either in the suburbs or near large areas of housing, have some small shops and services e.g. hairdressers Shopping streets Usually found in inner city housing estates and sell low order goods to people living nearby Corner shops

6. Shopping hierachy Out of town CBD Small centres Shopping parades Corner shop