The document discusses the legislative branch of the Indian government known as Parliament. It notes that Parliament is bicameral, consisting of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. The Lok Sabha is the lower house with 552 members elected for 5-year terms. The Rajya Sabha is the upper house with 250 members elected for 6-year terms. Bills must pass through several stages, including readings and committee review, before becoming law. There are three types of bills: ordinary bills, money bills, and constitutional amendment bills. Money bills can only originate in the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha has limited powers to amend them. Constitutional amendments require special majorities and sometimes state legislature ratification.

1. 1

2. AS A SOURCE OF LAW
2

3. 3

4. • Every Government generally consists of Three organs.
Such organs are Legislature, Executive and Judiciary.
• The Legislative wing of the union government is known
as PARLIAMENT.
• Article 79 of the Indian Constitution States that there
shall be a PARLIAMENT which consists of Indian
President, the house of people (LOKASABHA) and the
council of States(RAZYASABHA)
• Indian PARLIAMENT is Bicameral in nature.
4

5. The president
• Art 52 -there shall be a president
• The President of India is not a member of any
House
• He summons the Houses and gives assent to the
Bills passed by the two Houses
• The president can promulgate ordinance if
parliament is not in session
5

6. Lok Sabha
6

7. 7

8. The Constitution prescribes certain
qualifications for the members of
LOKASABHA , Such qualifications are :->
He must be a citizen of India.
He must be above 25 years age.
He must passes such other qualifications
as prescribed by the PARLIAMENT under
the peoples representation act of 1950-51.
8

9. It is otherwise known as “Lower House”
Total strength is 552, which includes 2 anglo
indian representatives
Life of the Lok Sabha is 5 years
House shall meet atleast twice a year & the
interval b/w 2 consecutive sessions shall be
less than 6 months
9

10. • The quorum for the Lok Sabha is 1/10th of
the total members of the House
• A money Bill can be initiated only in Lok
Sabha;
10

11. 11

12. Qualifications of MP of Rajya Sabha are :He must be a citizen of India.
He must have attained the age of 30
years.
He must passes such other qualifications
as prescribed by the PARLIAMENT under
the peoples representation act of 1950-51.
He should not hold any office of profit
under any Government.
12

13. The maximum strength of the House is 250,
238 from states & Union Territories & 12 are nominated
by the President from distinguished
personalities(art,sports,literature,social service)
The term of a member is 6 years
It is not subject to dissolution,every 2 years 1/3rd of
the members retires
13

14. Questions
are of four types:-
Starred, Unstarred, Short Notice Questions and
Questions addressed to private Members :
A
Starred Question is one to which a member desires an
oral answer in the House and which is distinguished by an
asterisk mark.
An
Unstarred Question is one which is not called for oral
answer in the House and on which no supplementary
14
questions can consequently be asked.

15. 
A Short Notice Question is one that is asked by
giving a notice of less than ten days. It is
answered orally.

The Question to a Private Member is addressed to
the Member himself/herself and it is asked when
the subject matter of it pertains to any
Bill, Resolution or any matter relating to the
Business of the House for which that Member is
responsible.
15

16. • Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Council of States
The Vice-President of India is ex-officio Chairman of the Council of
States. The Council of States elects a member of the Council to be a
Deputy Chairman
Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the House of the People
The House of the People chooses two members of the House to be
respectively Speaker and Deputy Speaker thereof.
16

17. Legislative Procedure
Every Bills has to be read three times and passed through five stages in
each House before it is considered to have been passed by the
Parliament
They are
• First Reading
• Second Reading
• Select Committee Stage
• Report Stage
• Third Reading
17

18. First Reading
→In the first reading, the Bill is introduced in the House and Published in
the Gazette of India.
→ An ordinary Bill can be introduced in either House of the Parliament
by any member after giving a notice of one month.
→ At the outset, a copy of the Bill is presented to the secretariat of the
House in which it is initiated.
→ The Bill is included in the list of business on a sated selected by the
speaker
→ After introduction in the House, the Bill is immediately published in
the Gazette of India.
18

19. Second Reading
→ In the second reading, the member who moves the Bill, may adopt
any of the three alternatives.
→ Firstly, he may move that the Bill be taken into consideration by the
House at once or on some future date specified in the motion.
→ Secondly, he may move that the Bill be referred to a select
committee.
→ Thirdly, he may move that the Bill be circulated for eliciting public
opinion on the desirability or other wise of the Bill.
19

20. Select Committee Stage
→ After second reading, the Bill is usually referred to select
committee, which includes other members in charge of the Bill
and a Law Member who is an ex-officio member.
→ The chairman of the Committee is appointed by the speaker.
During this committee stage, the committee examines the Bill
thoroughly.
→ The select committee can make any change in the Bill as it
pleases.
20

21. The Report Stage
→ After the Bill has been examined and discussed thoroughly, the select
committee prepares its report. It consists of two parts
→ the first contains the points which the committee considers should be
incorporate into the Bill and the second part consists of the Bill as
amended by the select committee.
1. The decision are arrived at by the majority of the members
present and voting.
2. The chairman of the committee presents the reports to the
House
21

22. Third Reading
→ At the time of third reading, discussion is confined to the
submission or arguments either in support of the Bill or its
rejection.
→ Only verbal amendments are allowed at this stage.
→ It is then authenticated by the secretary of the House and
transmitted to the other House, where it undergoes the same
process.
22

23. Legislative Bills
The Bills can be broadly categorized as
1. Ordinary Bills
2. Money Bills
3. Constitution Amendment Bills
23

24. Ordinary Bills:
•
•
•
•
OB may originate in either House of the Parliament.
Bill passed by both the Houses- becomes an Act after having been
assented to by the President.
Difference of opinion between the Houses- final decision is taken in
the Joint Session- presided over by the Speaker of the LS.
LS enjoys a predominant position in a Joint Session as the
membership of the LS is more than the RS.
24

25. Money Bills
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
RS has practically no powers.
MB relating to taxation and expenditure must be initiated in the LS.
Passed in the LS – referred to the RS for its approval.
RS- must return the Bill with or without recommendations within 14 days from the
date of its receipt.
If not returned within this period the Bill shall e deemed to have been passed by
both the Houses.
If returned within 14 days with recommendations LS has the liberty to accept or
reject the recommendations by RS.
MB- RS is mere Constitutional formality.
Note: RS- Rajya Sabha,LS-Lok Sabha, MB- Money Bill
25

26. Amendment Provisions
Art 368 provides provisions for amendments
1. Amendments by simple majority (eg: formation of new states )
2. Amendments by Special Majority
a majority ( that is , more than 50 per cent) of the total membership of
each House and a majority of two-thirds of the members of each
House present and voting.
The provisions which can be amended by this way include:
• Fundamental Rights
• Directive Principles of State Policy
• All other provisions which are not covered by the first and third
categories.
26

27. 3. By special Majority and Ratification by States
Amendments requires in addition to the special majority mentioned
above, ratification by not less than half of the State Legislatures.
These are fundamental matters where States have important power
under the Constitution and any unilateral amendment by Parliament
may vitally affect the fundamental basis of the system built up by the
Constitution
The following provisions require such ratification by States.
• Election of the President – Articles 54 and 55
• Extent of the Executive powers of the Union and States – Articles 73
and 162
• Article 368
27

28. 28

29. • Has exclusive powers to make laws for the State on the 66 Subjects
included in the State List and can also make laws on the 47 Subjects
mentioned in the Concurrent List
• During a conflict between the Union Laws and State Laws on any
subject of Concurrent List then the Union Laws prevail over those
made by the State Legislature.
29

30. 30