IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
This document presents a hybrid controller combining fuzzy logic control and vector control methods for controlling the speed of an induction motor. The hybrid controller incorporates a fuzzy logic controller in the speed control loop of a vector controlled induction motor drive. Simulation results show the hybrid fuzzy-vector controller provides faster response, lower starting current, and better handling of load disturbances compared to a traditional PI controller. The hybrid controller was able to achieve steady state speed 13 times faster than a PI controller alone and improved the dynamic response of the induction motor.
A CHS based PID Controller for Unified Power Flow ControllerIDES Editor
This paper presents a method for designing of
proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller based on
unified power flow controller (UPFC) using chaotic harmony
search algorithm (CHS) for damping of low frequency
oscillations (LFO) in a power system. The main aim of this
paper, optimization of selected gains with the time domainbased
objective function which is solved by chaotic harmony
search algorithm. The performance of the proposed singlemachine
infinite-bus system (SMIB) equipped with UPFC
controller- based PID controller is evaluated under various
disturbances and operating conditions. The effectiveness of
the proposed UPFC controller based on PID controller to damp
out of oscillations over a wide range of operating conditions
and variation of system parameters is showed in simulation
results and eigenvalue analysis.
This document proposes a concatenated coding scheme with iterative decoding for a bit-shift channel. Specifically, it considers the serial concatenation of an outer error-correcting code and an inner modulation code, possibly preceded by an accumulator. It searches for optimal encoder mappings from an iterative decoding perspective for the inner code, which has been designed to correct single bit-shift errors and have large average power. This is important for inductively coupled channels, as the receiver gets its power from the received signal and the information should maximize the power transferred.
Iaetsd fpga implementation of cordic algorithm for pipelined fft realization andIaetsd Iaetsd
This document discusses using the CORDIC algorithm to implement a pipelined FFT for fingerprint recognition on an FPGA. It proposes a hardware-efficient CORDIC FFT architecture that minimizes computational complexity. The CORDIC algorithm replaces complex multipliers with shift-add operations, providing a simpler hardware implementation than traditional multiplier-based FFT designs. The architecture includes a butterfly structure implemented with CORDIC, an angle generator for twiddle factors, and input/output blocks with registers and multiplexers to enable pipelined processing.
IJERD (www.ijerd.com) International Journal of Engineering Research and Devel...IJERD Editor
This document summarizes an article from the International Journal of Engineering Research and Development that presents a design for a highly linear Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA). The OTA combines two linearization techniques: 1) adaptive biasing of the differential pairs using a circuit that biases the tail current based on the quadratic input voltage to cancel non-linearity, and 2) resistive source degeneration to account for mobility reduction in short channel devices. Simulation results using a 0.18um CMOS technology show that the third order harmonic distortion remains below -60dB for a 300mV peak-to-peak differential input at 3MHz frequency, demonstrating high linearity. The design aims to provide distortion-free and interference-
This document discusses backpropagation in convolutional neural networks. It begins by explaining backpropagation for single neurons and multi-layer neural networks. It then discusses the specific operations involved in convolutional and pooling layers, and how backpropagation is applied to convolutional neural networks as a composite function with multiple differentiable operations. The key steps are decomposing the network into differentiable operations, propagating error signals backward using derivatives, and computing gradients to update weights.
Hermes2D is a C++ library for rapid development of adaptive hp-FEM / hp-DG solvers. Novel hp-adaptivity algorithms help solve a large variety of problems ranging from ODE and stationary linear PDE to complex time-dependent nonlinear multiphysics PDE systems.
This document presents a hybrid controller combining fuzzy logic control and vector control methods for controlling the speed of an induction motor. The hybrid controller incorporates a fuzzy logic controller in the speed control loop of a vector controlled induction motor drive. Simulation results show the hybrid fuzzy-vector controller provides faster response, lower starting current, and better handling of load disturbances compared to a traditional PI controller. The hybrid controller was able to achieve steady state speed 13 times faster than a PI controller alone and improved the dynamic response of the induction motor.
A CHS based PID Controller for Unified Power Flow ControllerIDES Editor
This paper presents a method for designing of
proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller based on
unified power flow controller (UPFC) using chaotic harmony
search algorithm (CHS) for damping of low frequency
oscillations (LFO) in a power system. The main aim of this
paper, optimization of selected gains with the time domainbased
objective function which is solved by chaotic harmony
search algorithm. The performance of the proposed singlemachine
infinite-bus system (SMIB) equipped with UPFC
controller- based PID controller is evaluated under various
disturbances and operating conditions. The effectiveness of
the proposed UPFC controller based on PID controller to damp
out of oscillations over a wide range of operating conditions
and variation of system parameters is showed in simulation
results and eigenvalue analysis.
This document proposes a concatenated coding scheme with iterative decoding for a bit-shift channel. Specifically, it considers the serial concatenation of an outer error-correcting code and an inner modulation code, possibly preceded by an accumulator. It searches for optimal encoder mappings from an iterative decoding perspective for the inner code, which has been designed to correct single bit-shift errors and have large average power. This is important for inductively coupled channels, as the receiver gets its power from the received signal and the information should maximize the power transferred.
Iaetsd fpga implementation of cordic algorithm for pipelined fft realization andIaetsd Iaetsd
This document discusses using the CORDIC algorithm to implement a pipelined FFT for fingerprint recognition on an FPGA. It proposes a hardware-efficient CORDIC FFT architecture that minimizes computational complexity. The CORDIC algorithm replaces complex multipliers with shift-add operations, providing a simpler hardware implementation than traditional multiplier-based FFT designs. The architecture includes a butterfly structure implemented with CORDIC, an angle generator for twiddle factors, and input/output blocks with registers and multiplexers to enable pipelined processing.
IJERD (www.ijerd.com) International Journal of Engineering Research and Devel...IJERD Editor
This document summarizes an article from the International Journal of Engineering Research and Development that presents a design for a highly linear Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA). The OTA combines two linearization techniques: 1) adaptive biasing of the differential pairs using a circuit that biases the tail current based on the quadratic input voltage to cancel non-linearity, and 2) resistive source degeneration to account for mobility reduction in short channel devices. Simulation results using a 0.18um CMOS technology show that the third order harmonic distortion remains below -60dB for a 300mV peak-to-peak differential input at 3MHz frequency, demonstrating high linearity. The design aims to provide distortion-free and interference-
This document discusses backpropagation in convolutional neural networks. It begins by explaining backpropagation for single neurons and multi-layer neural networks. It then discusses the specific operations involved in convolutional and pooling layers, and how backpropagation is applied to convolutional neural networks as a composite function with multiple differentiable operations. The key steps are decomposing the network into differentiable operations, propagating error signals backward using derivatives, and computing gradients to update weights.
Hermes2D is a C++ library for rapid development of adaptive hp-FEM / hp-DG solvers. Novel hp-adaptivity algorithms help solve a large variety of problems ranging from ODE and stationary linear PDE to complex time-dependent nonlinear multiphysics PDE systems.
The document discusses the effect of multi-tone jamming on a frequency hopped orthogonal frequency division multiple access (FH-OFDMA) system using orthogonal hopping patterns. It presents the baseband structure of an FH-OFDMA system and describes how data is transmitted over multiple subcarriers assigned according to an orthogonal hopping sequence. The paper analyzes the bit error rate performance of the FH-OFDMA system under multi-tone jamming in additive white Gaussian noise and Rayleigh fading channels.
The document discusses 3D integrated circuits and their testing. It first introduces 3D integration technology and reviews EDA challenges in designing 3D ICs. It then presents design techniques for applying 3D ICs, including surveying different approaches to design future 3D ICs to leverage benefits of 3D technology like lower latency and higher bandwidth. The document also discusses automating test pattern generation for open, short, and delay faults in 3D FPGA interconnects and achieving high fault coverage with a limited number of test patterns.
Multivariable Control System Design for Quadruple Tank Process using Quantita...IDES Editor
This paper focus on design of multivariable
controller for Quadruple Tank Process, a two input two
output system with large plant uncertainty using QFT
methodology. In the present work, a new approach using
Quantitative Feedback Theory (QFT) is formulated for
design of a robust two degree of freedom controller for
Quadruple Tank Process. The design is done in frequency
domain. This paper presents a design method for a 2 x 2
multiple input multiple output system. The plant
uncertainties are transformed into equivalent external
disturbance sets, and the design problem becomes one of
the external disturbance attenuation. The objective is to
find compensator functions which guarantee that the
system performance bounds are satisfied over the range
of plant uncertainty. The methodology is successfully
applied to design a two degree of freedom compensator
Quadruple Tank Process.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
This document summarizes research investigating the properties of graphs produced by discrete exponentiation. It presents theoretical predictions for statistics of random binary functional graphs, such as the number of components and cyclic nodes. These predictions are tested by generating discrete exponentiation graphs modulo different primes and comparing the observed statistics, finding errors within 1%.
Fuzzified pso for multiobjective economic load dispatch problemeSAT Journals
This document presents a fuzzy particle swarm optimization method for solving a multi-objective economic load dispatch problem. The problem involves minimizing four objectives: fuel cost, transmission losses, emission levels, and stability index. The objectives are first optimized individually, then fuzzified and combined into a single objective using membership functions. Particle swarm optimization is then used to find a set of generator outputs and control settings that provide a trade-off solution across all the objectives. The method is tested on the IEEE 30-bus system, with results presented showing the final optimized settings and objective values achieved.
IJERD (www.ijerd.com) International Journal of Engineering Research and Devel...IJERD Editor
This document describes the implementation of a turbo encoder and turbo decoder on a TMS320C6713 digital signal processor. Turbo codes are used for error correction in wireless communication systems. A turbo encoder consists of two recursive systematic convolutional encoders connected in parallel by an interleaver. The document implements a turbo encoder that encodes input bits and a turbo decoder that uses the iterative soft-output Viterbi algorithm to decode the encoded bits. The implementation is optimized for execution time and memory usage on the TMS320C6713 DSP. Simulation results validate the DSP implementation over a Rayleigh fading channel.
VLSI Implementation of High Speed & Low Power Multiplier in FPGAIOSR Journals
Abstract : We known that different multipliers consume most of the power in DSP computations, FIR filters.
Hence, it is very important factor for modern DSP systems to built low-power multipliers to minimize the power
dissipation. In this paper, we presents high speed & low power Row Column bypass multiplier design
methodology that inserts more number of zeros in the multiplicand thereby bypass the number of zero in row &
Column as well as reduce power consumption. The bypassing of zero activity of the component used in the
process of multiplication, depends on the input bit data. This means if the input bit data is zero, corresponding
row and column of adders need not be addition & transfer bit in next row and column adder circuit. If
multiplicand having more zeros, higher power reduction can be achieved. At last stage of Row & column bypass
multiplier having ripple carry adder which are increase time to generate carry bit to transfer next adder
circuit. To reduce this problem by using Carry bypass adder in place of ripple carry adder, then new
modification of Row &column multiplier having high speed in comparison to simple row & column bypass
multiplier, , the experimental results show that our proposed multiplier reduces power dissipation & High
speed overhead on the average for 4x4, 8x8 and 16x16 multiplier.
Keywords: Low Power, Row & Column bypass Multiplier, Carry bypassing techniques, FPGA, Xilinx
This document discusses confluent hypergeometric functions, including:
1) Definitions of Kummer and Whittaker functions and their properties such as integral representations, connections to Bessel functions, recurrence relations, asymptotic expansions, and special cases.
2) Methods for numerically calculating zeros, turning points, and graphs of these functions.
3) References for further information. It also includes tables of values for the confluent hypergeometric function M(a,b,z) and zeros of M(u,b,z).
This document provides definitions and notations for 2-D systems and matrices. It defines how continuous and sampled 2-D signals like images are represented. It introduces some common 2-D functions used in signal processing like the Dirac delta, rectangle, and sinc functions. It describes how 2-D linear systems can be represented by matrices and discusses properties of the 2-D Fourier transform including the frequency response and eigenfunctions. It also introduces concepts of Toeplitz and circulant matrices and provides an example of convolving periodic sequences using circulant matrices. Finally, it defines orthogonal and unitary matrices.
A Study on Compositional Semantics of Words in Distributional SpacesPierpaolo Basile
This paper proposes two approaches to compositional
semantics in distributional semantic spaces. Both approaches
conceive the semantics of complex structures, such
as phrases or sentences, as being other than the sum of its
terms. Syntax is the plus used as a glue to compose words. The
former kind of approach encodes information about syntactic
dependencies directly into distributional spaces, the latter exploits
compositional operators reflecting the syntactic role of words.
We present a preliminary evaluation performed on GEMS
2011 “Compositional Semantics” dataset, with the aim of understanding
the effects of these approaches when applied to
simple word pairs of the kind Noun-Noun, Adjective-Noun and
Verb-Noun. Experimental results corroborate our conjecture that
exploiting syntax can lead to improved distributional models and
compositional operators, and suggest new openings for future
uses in real-application scenario.
Dynamics and control of a robotic arm having four linksAmin A. Mohammed
This document presents the dynamics modeling and control of a 4 degree-of-freedom robotic arm. It first derives the dynamic model of the robotic arm using the Euler-Lagrange approach. It then describes implementing two control approaches for position control of the arm joints: PID control and feedback linearization control. Simulation results show that PID control coupled with a differential evolution algorithm and feedback linearization control improve the robotic arm's performance. Increasing the arm link masses is found to not affect PID position control performance but require higher control torques.
The document discusses recursion and provides examples of using recursion to calculate factorials. It explains that recursion involves defining a problem in terms of smaller instances of the same problem until it reaches a base case. It provides step-by-step examples and animations tracing the recursive calculation of 4! to demonstrate how recursion works. It also discusses how recursive method calls are handled via a call stack in memory.
Electronically Tunable Current-Mode SIMO/MISO Universal Biquad Filter Using M...IDES Editor
This paper presents an electronically tunable
current-mode SIMO/MISO universal biquad filter using multioutput
current controlled current conveyor transconductance
amplifiers (MO-CCCCTAs). The proposed filter employs only
two CCCCTAs and two grounded capacitors. The proposed
configuration can be used as either single input multi-output
(SIMO) or multi (three) input single output (MISO) current
mode filter. It can realize all five different standard filter
functions i.e. low-pass (LP), band-pass (BP), high-pass (HP),
band-reject (BR) and all-pass (AP). The circuit enjoys an
independent current control of pole frequency and bandwidth.
Both the active and passive sensitivities are no more than
unity. The validity of proposed filter is verified through
computer simulations using PSPICE, the industry standard
tool.
Lecture Notes: EEEC6440315 Communication Systems - Information TheoryAIMST University
- The document discusses Shannon's limit for information capacity in communication systems. It states that Shannon's limit relates the information capacity of a communications channel to bandwidth and signal-to-noise ratio.
- It then provides an example calculation of applying Shannon's limit formula to find the information capacity for a standard voice-band communications channel with a given bandwidth and signal-to-noise power ratio.
- The document also discusses linear block codes, including definitions of generator and parity check matrices that can characterize linear block codes. It provides an example of encoding a message using a generator matrix for a systematic linear block code.
The document discusses Commons Nabla, a Java library that automatically generates derivative functions from bytecode. It begins with an agenda and motivation for why automatic differentiation is useful. It then describes the key abstractions in Nabla, including DifferentialPair objects that hold values and derivatives, and interfaces for differentiable and derivative functions. Examples are provided that demonstrate differentiating simple functions, handling parameters, singularities, and partial derivatives. The implementation strategy involves surgically attaching derivative classes to the original functions and differentiating the bytecode instruction-by-instruction.
This document summarizes a Matlab GUI program for designing a three band equalizer filter. The program allows users to adjust gain, quality factor, center frequency, and phase for each of the low, mid, and high bands. As parameters are changed, the program dynamically updates plots of the filter's magnitude, phase, and time response to a square wave input. Users can save and open filter designs. The document provides equations for calculating component values from the user-specified filter parameters.
This document describes a recursive pseudo-exhaustive two-pattern generator for built-in self-test of circuits. The generator recursively generates all two-pattern (n,k)-adjacent bit pseudo-exhaustive tests for values of k from 1 to n. It consists of a generic counter, carry generator, control logic, and 1's complement adder. The generator is used to test a 4-bit Wallace tree multiplier and cryptographic circuit in parallel. Simulation waveforms are provided for the generator components and circuits under test, verifying the generator's operation. Compared to prior approaches, the proposed generator requires fewer gates to implement.
This document contains lecture notes from a Calculus I class covering Section 5.3 on evaluating definite integrals. The notes discuss using the Evaluation Theorem to calculate definite integrals, writing derivatives as indefinite integrals, and interpreting definite integrals as the net change of a function over an interval. Examples are provided to demonstrate evaluating definite integrals using the midpoint rule approximation. Properties of integrals such as additivity and the relationship between definite and indefinite integrals are also outlined.
JSAI 2021 4G2-GS-2k-05 Homogeneous responsive activation function Yamatani Ac...Takuma Yoshimura
Oral presentation at JSAI 2021
About homogeneous responsive neural networks.
GitHub: https://github.com/tk-yoshimura
Techrxiv: https://www.techrxiv.org/articles/preprint/Yamatani_Activation_Edge_Homogeneous_Response_Super_Resolution_Neural_Network/11861187
Japanese Version
https://www.slideshare.net/TakumaYoshimura2/jsai2021-4g2gs2k05-yamatani-activation
El alcohol en la poblacion de cochabamb1mikitomaag
El documento describe un estudio sobre el consumo de alcohol en la población de Cochabamba. Se recolectaron datos a través de encuestas y se organizaron en tablas de frecuencias. El análisis mostró que la mayoría de los encuestados han consumido alcohol, principalmente los fines de semana o en eventos sociales. El consumo excesivo puede causar problemas de salud y estar influenciado por factores emocionales o el riesgo de que los hijos también consuman. Se concluye que la educación y el apoyo familiar son importantes para prevenir el alcohol
Este documento presenta un estudio sobre las preferencias de los estudiantes de enfermería de primer año en la Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno en el uso de instrumentos pedagógicos. El estudio analiza las respuestas de 5 estudiantes a una encuesta de 5 preguntas sobre sus preferencias de diferentes métodos de enseñanza y evaluación. Los resultados muestran que a los estudiantes les gusta asistir a clases teóricas magistrales y participar en debates, y que también les gusta asistir a clases prácticas y ser evaluados resolviendo
The document discusses the effect of multi-tone jamming on a frequency hopped orthogonal frequency division multiple access (FH-OFDMA) system using orthogonal hopping patterns. It presents the baseband structure of an FH-OFDMA system and describes how data is transmitted over multiple subcarriers assigned according to an orthogonal hopping sequence. The paper analyzes the bit error rate performance of the FH-OFDMA system under multi-tone jamming in additive white Gaussian noise and Rayleigh fading channels.
The document discusses 3D integrated circuits and their testing. It first introduces 3D integration technology and reviews EDA challenges in designing 3D ICs. It then presents design techniques for applying 3D ICs, including surveying different approaches to design future 3D ICs to leverage benefits of 3D technology like lower latency and higher bandwidth. The document also discusses automating test pattern generation for open, short, and delay faults in 3D FPGA interconnects and achieving high fault coverage with a limited number of test patterns.
Multivariable Control System Design for Quadruple Tank Process using Quantita...IDES Editor
This paper focus on design of multivariable
controller for Quadruple Tank Process, a two input two
output system with large plant uncertainty using QFT
methodology. In the present work, a new approach using
Quantitative Feedback Theory (QFT) is formulated for
design of a robust two degree of freedom controller for
Quadruple Tank Process. The design is done in frequency
domain. This paper presents a design method for a 2 x 2
multiple input multiple output system. The plant
uncertainties are transformed into equivalent external
disturbance sets, and the design problem becomes one of
the external disturbance attenuation. The objective is to
find compensator functions which guarantee that the
system performance bounds are satisfied over the range
of plant uncertainty. The methodology is successfully
applied to design a two degree of freedom compensator
Quadruple Tank Process.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
This document summarizes research investigating the properties of graphs produced by discrete exponentiation. It presents theoretical predictions for statistics of random binary functional graphs, such as the number of components and cyclic nodes. These predictions are tested by generating discrete exponentiation graphs modulo different primes and comparing the observed statistics, finding errors within 1%.
Fuzzified pso for multiobjective economic load dispatch problemeSAT Journals
This document presents a fuzzy particle swarm optimization method for solving a multi-objective economic load dispatch problem. The problem involves minimizing four objectives: fuel cost, transmission losses, emission levels, and stability index. The objectives are first optimized individually, then fuzzified and combined into a single objective using membership functions. Particle swarm optimization is then used to find a set of generator outputs and control settings that provide a trade-off solution across all the objectives. The method is tested on the IEEE 30-bus system, with results presented showing the final optimized settings and objective values achieved.
IJERD (www.ijerd.com) International Journal of Engineering Research and Devel...IJERD Editor
This document describes the implementation of a turbo encoder and turbo decoder on a TMS320C6713 digital signal processor. Turbo codes are used for error correction in wireless communication systems. A turbo encoder consists of two recursive systematic convolutional encoders connected in parallel by an interleaver. The document implements a turbo encoder that encodes input bits and a turbo decoder that uses the iterative soft-output Viterbi algorithm to decode the encoded bits. The implementation is optimized for execution time and memory usage on the TMS320C6713 DSP. Simulation results validate the DSP implementation over a Rayleigh fading channel.
VLSI Implementation of High Speed & Low Power Multiplier in FPGAIOSR Journals
Abstract : We known that different multipliers consume most of the power in DSP computations, FIR filters.
Hence, it is very important factor for modern DSP systems to built low-power multipliers to minimize the power
dissipation. In this paper, we presents high speed & low power Row Column bypass multiplier design
methodology that inserts more number of zeros in the multiplicand thereby bypass the number of zero in row &
Column as well as reduce power consumption. The bypassing of zero activity of the component used in the
process of multiplication, depends on the input bit data. This means if the input bit data is zero, corresponding
row and column of adders need not be addition & transfer bit in next row and column adder circuit. If
multiplicand having more zeros, higher power reduction can be achieved. At last stage of Row & column bypass
multiplier having ripple carry adder which are increase time to generate carry bit to transfer next adder
circuit. To reduce this problem by using Carry bypass adder in place of ripple carry adder, then new
modification of Row &column multiplier having high speed in comparison to simple row & column bypass
multiplier, , the experimental results show that our proposed multiplier reduces power dissipation & High
speed overhead on the average for 4x4, 8x8 and 16x16 multiplier.
Keywords: Low Power, Row & Column bypass Multiplier, Carry bypassing techniques, FPGA, Xilinx
This document discusses confluent hypergeometric functions, including:
1) Definitions of Kummer and Whittaker functions and their properties such as integral representations, connections to Bessel functions, recurrence relations, asymptotic expansions, and special cases.
2) Methods for numerically calculating zeros, turning points, and graphs of these functions.
3) References for further information. It also includes tables of values for the confluent hypergeometric function M(a,b,z) and zeros of M(u,b,z).
This document provides definitions and notations for 2-D systems and matrices. It defines how continuous and sampled 2-D signals like images are represented. It introduces some common 2-D functions used in signal processing like the Dirac delta, rectangle, and sinc functions. It describes how 2-D linear systems can be represented by matrices and discusses properties of the 2-D Fourier transform including the frequency response and eigenfunctions. It also introduces concepts of Toeplitz and circulant matrices and provides an example of convolving periodic sequences using circulant matrices. Finally, it defines orthogonal and unitary matrices.
A Study on Compositional Semantics of Words in Distributional SpacesPierpaolo Basile
This paper proposes two approaches to compositional
semantics in distributional semantic spaces. Both approaches
conceive the semantics of complex structures, such
as phrases or sentences, as being other than the sum of its
terms. Syntax is the plus used as a glue to compose words. The
former kind of approach encodes information about syntactic
dependencies directly into distributional spaces, the latter exploits
compositional operators reflecting the syntactic role of words.
We present a preliminary evaluation performed on GEMS
2011 “Compositional Semantics” dataset, with the aim of understanding
the effects of these approaches when applied to
simple word pairs of the kind Noun-Noun, Adjective-Noun and
Verb-Noun. Experimental results corroborate our conjecture that
exploiting syntax can lead to improved distributional models and
compositional operators, and suggest new openings for future
uses in real-application scenario.
Dynamics and control of a robotic arm having four linksAmin A. Mohammed
This document presents the dynamics modeling and control of a 4 degree-of-freedom robotic arm. It first derives the dynamic model of the robotic arm using the Euler-Lagrange approach. It then describes implementing two control approaches for position control of the arm joints: PID control and feedback linearization control. Simulation results show that PID control coupled with a differential evolution algorithm and feedback linearization control improve the robotic arm's performance. Increasing the arm link masses is found to not affect PID position control performance but require higher control torques.
The document discusses recursion and provides examples of using recursion to calculate factorials. It explains that recursion involves defining a problem in terms of smaller instances of the same problem until it reaches a base case. It provides step-by-step examples and animations tracing the recursive calculation of 4! to demonstrate how recursion works. It also discusses how recursive method calls are handled via a call stack in memory.
Electronically Tunable Current-Mode SIMO/MISO Universal Biquad Filter Using M...IDES Editor
This paper presents an electronically tunable
current-mode SIMO/MISO universal biquad filter using multioutput
current controlled current conveyor transconductance
amplifiers (MO-CCCCTAs). The proposed filter employs only
two CCCCTAs and two grounded capacitors. The proposed
configuration can be used as either single input multi-output
(SIMO) or multi (three) input single output (MISO) current
mode filter. It can realize all five different standard filter
functions i.e. low-pass (LP), band-pass (BP), high-pass (HP),
band-reject (BR) and all-pass (AP). The circuit enjoys an
independent current control of pole frequency and bandwidth.
Both the active and passive sensitivities are no more than
unity. The validity of proposed filter is verified through
computer simulations using PSPICE, the industry standard
tool.
Lecture Notes: EEEC6440315 Communication Systems - Information TheoryAIMST University
- The document discusses Shannon's limit for information capacity in communication systems. It states that Shannon's limit relates the information capacity of a communications channel to bandwidth and signal-to-noise ratio.
- It then provides an example calculation of applying Shannon's limit formula to find the information capacity for a standard voice-band communications channel with a given bandwidth and signal-to-noise power ratio.
- The document also discusses linear block codes, including definitions of generator and parity check matrices that can characterize linear block codes. It provides an example of encoding a message using a generator matrix for a systematic linear block code.
The document discusses Commons Nabla, a Java library that automatically generates derivative functions from bytecode. It begins with an agenda and motivation for why automatic differentiation is useful. It then describes the key abstractions in Nabla, including DifferentialPair objects that hold values and derivatives, and interfaces for differentiable and derivative functions. Examples are provided that demonstrate differentiating simple functions, handling parameters, singularities, and partial derivatives. The implementation strategy involves surgically attaching derivative classes to the original functions and differentiating the bytecode instruction-by-instruction.
This document summarizes a Matlab GUI program for designing a three band equalizer filter. The program allows users to adjust gain, quality factor, center frequency, and phase for each of the low, mid, and high bands. As parameters are changed, the program dynamically updates plots of the filter's magnitude, phase, and time response to a square wave input. Users can save and open filter designs. The document provides equations for calculating component values from the user-specified filter parameters.
This document describes a recursive pseudo-exhaustive two-pattern generator for built-in self-test of circuits. The generator recursively generates all two-pattern (n,k)-adjacent bit pseudo-exhaustive tests for values of k from 1 to n. It consists of a generic counter, carry generator, control logic, and 1's complement adder. The generator is used to test a 4-bit Wallace tree multiplier and cryptographic circuit in parallel. Simulation waveforms are provided for the generator components and circuits under test, verifying the generator's operation. Compared to prior approaches, the proposed generator requires fewer gates to implement.
This document contains lecture notes from a Calculus I class covering Section 5.3 on evaluating definite integrals. The notes discuss using the Evaluation Theorem to calculate definite integrals, writing derivatives as indefinite integrals, and interpreting definite integrals as the net change of a function over an interval. Examples are provided to demonstrate evaluating definite integrals using the midpoint rule approximation. Properties of integrals such as additivity and the relationship between definite and indefinite integrals are also outlined.
JSAI 2021 4G2-GS-2k-05 Homogeneous responsive activation function Yamatani Ac...Takuma Yoshimura
Oral presentation at JSAI 2021
About homogeneous responsive neural networks.
GitHub: https://github.com/tk-yoshimura
Techrxiv: https://www.techrxiv.org/articles/preprint/Yamatani_Activation_Edge_Homogeneous_Response_Super_Resolution_Neural_Network/11861187
Japanese Version
https://www.slideshare.net/TakumaYoshimura2/jsai2021-4g2gs2k05-yamatani-activation
El alcohol en la poblacion de cochabamb1mikitomaag
El documento describe un estudio sobre el consumo de alcohol en la población de Cochabamba. Se recolectaron datos a través de encuestas y se organizaron en tablas de frecuencias. El análisis mostró que la mayoría de los encuestados han consumido alcohol, principalmente los fines de semana o en eventos sociales. El consumo excesivo puede causar problemas de salud y estar influenciado por factores emocionales o el riesgo de que los hijos también consuman. Se concluye que la educación y el apoyo familiar son importantes para prevenir el alcohol
Este documento presenta un estudio sobre las preferencias de los estudiantes de enfermería de primer año en la Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno en el uso de instrumentos pedagógicos. El estudio analiza las respuestas de 5 estudiantes a una encuesta de 5 preguntas sobre sus preferencias de diferentes métodos de enseñanza y evaluación. Los resultados muestran que a los estudiantes les gusta asistir a clases teóricas magistrales y participar en debates, y que también les gusta asistir a clases prácticas y ser evaluados resolviendo
La guía presenta los principales factores de riesgo disergonómicos en oficinas como problemas de carga postural, ambiente de trabajo y problemas psicosociales. Identifica estos riesgos con el fin de proponer medidas preventivas que ayuden a eliminarlos, reducirlos o controlarlos para mejorar la salud y bienestar de los trabajadores.
The document discusses subnetting a Class C network (192.168.0.x) using 3 subnet bits. This creates 8 subnets ranging from 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.0.224. It shows how to calculate the network address, broadcast address, and host range for each subnet.
Este documento plantea una completa metodología de trabajo y desarrollo para lograr incorporar la Gestión del Conocimiento al interior de las entidades públicas, permitiendo una transformación de la cultura del los funcionarios públicos y las entidades, hace interesantes sugerencias sobre las transformaciones en la política pública a nivel educativo y formula estrategias para cumplir con los objetivos propuestos.
Este documento trata sobre la gestión del conocimiento dentro de las empresas. En particular, analiza la relación entre el aprendizaje individual y el aprendizaje organizativo, revisando la literatura existente sobre este tema. El objetivo es conceptualizar estos términos y establecer su ámbito de aplicación e intersección, con el fin de contribuir al desarrollo profesional de los estudiantes en el ámbito empresarial.
Source Code of Building Linux IPv6 DNS Server (Complete Sourcecode)Hari
This document discusses building a Linux IPv6 DNS server. It includes shell scripts and C source code files to perform tasks like checking system details, ensuring root user privileges, cleaning directories, building kernel images, backing up source directories, and adding members to a server via a GUI. The scripts and programs work together to configure, build, and run an IPv6-enabled Linux DNS server.
Este documento describe un programa de formación técnica en mantenimiento de equipos de cómputo de 6 meses de duración. El programa busca formar personal calificado para realizar mantenimiento preventivo, predictivo y correctivo de equipos de cómputo y redes. El programa desarrolla competencias relacionadas con el mantenimiento de hardware, software y redes, resolución de problemas, comunicación, matemáticas, inglés y seguridad industrial.
El documento describe las políticas y leyes nacionales relacionadas con los residuos peligrosos en México, incluyendo el Programa Nacional de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, la Ley General para la Prevención y Gestión Integral de los Residuos, y el Programa estratégico para detener y revertir la contaminación de sistemas que sostienen la vida. También cubre la clasificación y manejo de residuos peligrosos según la LGPGIR y la NOM-052-SEMARNAT-2005, e incluye detalles sobre el sistema de autoriz
Este documento presenta la descripción de varios cargos clave en una empresa de telemarketing, incluyendo sus funciones, requisitos y especificaciones. Se describen los perfiles del Gerente General, Subgerente de Operaciones, Gerente de Proyectos, Asistente Administrativa, Representante Legal, Contador y Supervisor. El objetivo es definir claramente las responsabilidades de cada cargo para optimizar la gestión del talento humano en la organización.
Este documento presenta las directrices para la evaluación anual de desempeño laboral de docentes y directivos docentes en Colombia. Explica que la evaluación busca mejorar la calidad de la educación mediante el mejoramiento continuo de los educadores. Describe que la evaluación se basa en leyes como la Constitución Política de Colombia y la Ley General de Educación, y que evalúa competencias funcionales y comportamentales de los docentes. Finalmente, detalla la metodología de evaluación, incluyendo instrumentos, proceso y análisis de resultados
Avec Windows 8, venez saisir l'opportunité de repenser votre poste de travail ou enrichissez votre environnement Windows 7. Que cela soit au travers des nouveaux scenarios d'usages, de déploiement, jusqu'aux applications inovantes, nous apporterons des réponses aux deux questions majeures: Pourquoi et Comment migrer vers Windows 8.
Ficha 488956 497405 497426_administracion del soporte tecnico (1)kvnprz07
Este documento presenta un proyecto formativo para administrar el soporte técnico de equipos de computo y redes de datos mediante la integración de herramientas tecnológicas. El proyecto busca resolver la necesidad que tienen las Mipymes y centros educativos de compartir recursos administrativos y de gestión para ser más efectivos. El proyecto tendrá una duración de 24 meses y beneficiará a aprendices del SENA, escuelas y Mipymes. Los objetivos son seleccionar herramientas tecnológicas, real
Reglamento interior derecho de huelga derecho laboral.Vero Pacheco
El documento trata sobre el reglamento interior de trabajo. Explica que es un conjunto de disposiciones obligatorias para trabajadores y patrones. Detalla los requisitos de contenido que debe tener como horarios, normas de seguridad y disciplina. Además, explica que debe depositarse ante la Junta de Conciliación y Arbitraje para ser obligatorio.
El documento presenta la información general del programa de formación Técnico en Programación de Software. El programa tiene una duración de 12 meses y busca brindar formación en tecnologías relacionadas con el ciclo de vida del software. El programa desarrolla competencias como analizar requerimientos de clientes y desarrollar sistemas que cumplan con los requerimientos. La estrategia metodológica se centra en el aprendizaje por proyectos y el uso de técnicas didácticas activas.
Simplifiez votre activité grâce au traitement documentaire intelligentXerox Global
La numérisation ne suffit pas aux entreprises. Elles ont besoin de documents intelligents.Il faut donc revoir notre manière de penser les appareils physiques pour les intégrer à des environnements logiciels.
Este documento describe el proceso de planeación, seguimiento y evaluación de la etapa productiva de un programa de formación profesional del Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje (SENA). Incluye información sobre el aprendiz, el ente coformador y las actividades planeadas. También contiene formatos para realizar el seguimiento de factores actitudinales, técnicos y la evaluación final de la etapa productiva del aprendiz.
Este documento es un certificado de ingresos y retenciones de un empleado. Proporciona instrucciones sobre quiénes están obligados a presentar una declaración de impuestos y quiénes no, dependiendo de los ingresos y el patrimonio del empleado. También especifica que para los empleados no obligados a declarar, el impuesto es igual a las retenciones realizadas y que este certificado sustituye su declaración de impuestos.
1.[1 5]implementation of pre compensation fuzzy for a cascade pid controller ...Alexander Decker
1) The document describes a fuzzy logic-based pre-compensation scheme for a PID controller to improve its performance for processes with nonlinear dynamics.
2) A fuzzy pre-compensator uses error and change in error as inputs to generate a correction term that is added to the controller command signal.
3) 47 fuzzy rules are used in the pre-compensator to modify the command signal and compensate for overshoot and undershoot based on the current error and error change.
4) Simulation results show that the fuzzy pre-compensated PID controller provides better response and disturbance rejection compared to a conventional PID controller.
This paper describes comparative study of various controllers on Rotary Inverted Pendulum (RIP). PID,
LQR, FUZZY LOGIC and H∞ controllers are tried on RIP in MatLab Simulink. The same four controllers
have been tested on test bed of RIP system the controllers are compared from various aspects. The
controllers in simulink are compared with the controllers in real time.
New controllers efficient model based design methodAlexander Decker
This document proposes new methods for designing P, PI, PD, and PID controllers based on selecting the controller gains based on the plant's parameters. The goal is to achieve acceptable stability and medium fast response. Expressions are proposed for calculating the controller gains for first-order, second-order, and time-delay systems based on the plant's time constant, damping ratio, and natural frequency. The proposed controller design methods are tested on first, second, and first-order systems with time delay using MATLAB/Simulink. The results show the methods can achieve acceptable stability and medium fast response with minimum steady state error by selecting a single tuning parameter.
A comparative study of controllers for stabilizing a rotary inverted pendulumijccmsjournal
The document describes a comparative study of various controllers - PID, LQR, fuzzy logic, and H-infinity - for stabilizing a rotary inverted pendulum (RIP) system. The controllers are modeled and tested in MATLAB Simulink. Key findings:
- PID control stabilizes the pendulum angle to zero within 1 second.
- LQR control stabilizes the pendulum angle to zero within 1.5 seconds.
- Fuzzy logic control stabilizes the pendulum angle within 0.5 seconds.
- H-infinity control provides robust stabilization of the RIP system.
A Comparative study of controllers for stabilizing a Rotary Inverted Pendulumijccmsjournal
This paper describes comparative study of various controllers on Rotary Inverted Pendulum (RIP). PID,
LQR, FUZZY LOGIC and H∞ controllers are tried on RIP in MatLab Simulink. The same four controllers
have been tested on test bed of RIP system the controllers are compared from various aspects. The
controllers in simulink are compared with the controllers in real time.
Correlative Study on the Modeling and Control of Boost Converter using Advanc...IJSRD
DC-DC converters are switched power converters. The converters are most widely used in research and industrial applications. The DC-DC Boost Converters are used to step-up the supply voltage given to the plant model. The main advantage of using the Boost Converters is that it works in the low voltage according to the design specifications. In order to regulate the uncontrolled supply of voltage, a controller has to be designed and modeled to stabilize the output voltage. Since the convectional controllers cannot work under dynamic operating conditions, advanced controllers are to be designed to overcome the problems. In this article, the advanced controllers such as NARMA-L2, Fuzzy Logic (FLC) and Sliding Mode Controllers (SMC) are implemented and their responses are compared using MATLAB.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Speed Conrol of Separately Excited dc Motor using Fuzzy TechniqueIDES Editor
This paper presents the speed control of a separately
excited DC motor using Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC). The Fuzzy
Logic Controller designed in this study applies the required
control voltage based on motor speed error (e) and its change
(ce). The performance of the driver system was evaluated
through digital simulations using Simulink. The simulation
results show that the control with FLC outperforms PI control
in terms of overshoot, steady state error and rise time.
Design of Adaptive Sliding Mode Control with Fuzzy Controller and PID Tuning ...IRJET Journal
This document presents a control system that combines fuzzy sliding mode control and PID tuning to control uncertain systems. A fuzzy logic controller is proposed using two inputs (error and derivative of error) and simple membership functions and rules. An adaptive sliding mode controller with PID tuning is also designed. The PID gains are systematically and continuously updated according to adaptive laws. This combined fuzzy sliding mode controller with PID tuning is applied to control a brushless DC motor. Simulation results show the system achieves good trajectory tracking performance while eliminating chattering through the use of a boundary layer.
Improving Structural Limitations of Pid Controller For Unstable ProcessesIJERA Editor
PID controllers have structural limitations which make it impossible for a good closed-loop performance to be achieved. A step response with high overshoot and oscillations always results. In controlling processes with resonances, integrators and unstable transfer functions, the PI-PD controller provides a satisfactory closed-loop performance. In this paper, a simple approach to extracting parameters of a PI-PD controller from parameters of the conventional PID controller is presented so that a good closed-loop system performance is achieved. Simulated results from this formation are carried out to show the efficacy of the technique proposed.
This document summarizes key concepts related to PID control design:
- A PID controller uses proportional, integral, and derivative feedback to generate a control action based on tuning the gains for each component.
- The proportional term reacts to current error, the integral term accounts for past errors to eliminate steady-state error, and the derivative term accounts for future error based on the rate of change of error.
- Increasing the proportional gain can make the system unstable if too high, while a low gain may not provide enough control action. The integral term eliminates steady-state error but can destabilize the system if not properly tuned. The derivative term speeds up transients but has little effect on steady-state
Iaetsd design of fuzzy self-tuned load frequency controller for power systemIaetsd Iaetsd
This document describes a self-tuning fuzzy controller designed for load frequency control (LFC) in a multi-machine power system. Conventional PID gains are first obtained using ant colony system optimization. These gains are then used to design fuzzy controller gains to solve the LFC problem under different loading conditions and non-linearities like generation rate constraints. The proposed self-tuning fuzzy controller is tested on a practical thermal and hydel power system and shown to perform better than conventional integral and ACS-PID controllers in dealing with system uncertainties and changing operating conditions.
Robust PID Controller Design for Non-Minimum Phase Systems using Magnitude Op...IRJET Journal
This document discusses two approaches for designing a controller for non-minimum phase systems: 1) the magnitude optimum and multiple integration method, and 2) a numerical optimization approach. The magnitude optimum method uses areas calculated from the process step response to determine the PID controller parameters, eliminating the need to estimate process parameters directly. The numerical optimization approach formulates the controller design as an optimization problem to minimize sensitivity functions in the closed-loop system. Both approaches are presented as ways to design robust controllers for non-minimum phase systems.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Abstract - This paper addresses some of the potential benefits of
using fuzzy logic controllers to control an inverted pendulum
system. The stages of the development of a fuzzy logic controller
using a four input Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model were presented.
The main idea of this paper is to implement and optimize fuzzy
logic control algorithms in order to balance the inverted
pendulum and at the same time reducing the computational time
of the controller. In this work, the inverted pendulum system was
modeled and constructed using Simulink and the performance of
the proposed fuzzy logic controller is compared to the more
commonly used PID controller through simulations using Matlab.
Simulation results show that the Fuzzy Logic Controllers are far
more superior compared to PID controllers in terms of overshoot,
settling time and response to parameter changes.
A novel p q control algorithm for combined active front end converter and shu...eSAT Journals
This document presents a novel P-Q control algorithm for a combined active front end converter and shunt active filter (AFE+SAF). The AFE+SAF can compensate for reactive power, harmonic power, and unbalanced power produced by nonlinear and unbalanced loads, while maintaining sinusoidal source currents. The P-Q control algorithm meets the goals of load compensation and three-phase AC to DC power conversion for drives. The performance of the AFE+SAF was verified through simulation under different load conditions, including unbalanced linear loads, nonlinear loads, and combinations of these. Source current distortion was measured using %THD and found to comply with IEEE standards.
Performance Analysis of Positive Output Super-Lift Re-Lift Luo Converter With...IOSR Journals
This document presents a simulation study comparing PI and neural network (neuro) controllers for regulating the output voltage of a positive output super-lift re-lift Luo converter. The converter circuit and operating principles are described. Simulation results using MATLAB show the performance of each controller under startup conditions and in response to changes in input voltage and load. The neuro controller provided faster response times, while the PI controller produced less overshoot. Tables compare the performance of the PI controller under different operating conditions.
This document compares the performance of a boost converter controlled by a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) and a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller. It begins with an overview of boost converters and their operating principles. It then describes the design and methodology of a Sugeno-type FLC using error and change of error as inputs. Next, it discusses PID controller design. Simulation results show the output response of the boost converter with each controller to load changes and reference voltage changes. The FLC provides better transient response and restores the output voltage more accurately compared to the PID controller. In conclusion, the FLC provides more stable performance for regulating the boost converter output voltage.
Comprehensive Approach Towards Modelling and Simulation of Single Area Power...IRJET Journal
This document describes modeling and simulation of a single area power generation system using MATLAB. It begins by developing a state space model of the open loop system. Simulation shows large undershoot, long settling time, and steady state error. Then, a PI controller is added to improve the response. The controlled system is stabilized using LQR design. Simulation results show the PI controlled system has a settling time of 0.7 seconds, zero steady state error, and 5.45% undershoot, meeting control objectives.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) ijceronline
nternational Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
inQuba Webinar Mastering Customer Journey Management with Dr Graham HillLizaNolte
HERE IS YOUR WEBINAR CONTENT! 'Mastering Customer Journey Management with Dr. Graham Hill'. We hope you find the webinar recording both insightful and enjoyable.
In this webinar, we explored essential aspects of Customer Journey Management and personalization. Here’s a summary of the key insights and topics discussed:
Key Takeaways:
Understanding the Customer Journey: Dr. Hill emphasized the importance of mapping and understanding the complete customer journey to identify touchpoints and opportunities for improvement.
Personalization Strategies: We discussed how to leverage data and insights to create personalized experiences that resonate with customers.
Technology Integration: Insights were shared on how inQuba’s advanced technology can streamline customer interactions and drive operational efficiency.
"What does it really mean for your system to be available, or how to define w...Fwdays
We will talk about system monitoring from a few different angles. We will start by covering the basics, then discuss SLOs, how to define them, and why understanding the business well is crucial for success in this exercise.
Freshworks Rethinks NoSQL for Rapid Scaling & Cost-EfficiencyScyllaDB
Freshworks creates AI-boosted business software that helps employees work more efficiently and effectively. Managing data across multiple RDBMS and NoSQL databases was already a challenge at their current scale. To prepare for 10X growth, they knew it was time to rethink their database strategy. Learn how they architected a solution that would simplify scaling while keeping costs under control.
Connector Corner: Seamlessly power UiPath Apps, GenAI with prebuilt connectorsDianaGray10
Join us to learn how UiPath Apps can directly and easily interact with prebuilt connectors via Integration Service--including Salesforce, ServiceNow, Open GenAI, and more.
The best part is you can achieve this without building a custom workflow! Say goodbye to the hassle of using separate automations to call APIs. By seamlessly integrating within App Studio, you can now easily streamline your workflow, while gaining direct access to our Connector Catalog of popular applications.
We’ll discuss and demo the benefits of UiPath Apps and connectors including:
Creating a compelling user experience for any software, without the limitations of APIs.
Accelerating the app creation process, saving time and effort
Enjoying high-performance CRUD (create, read, update, delete) operations, for
seamless data management.
Speakers:
Russell Alfeche, Technology Leader, RPA at qBotic and UiPath MVP
Charlie Greenberg, host
zkStudyClub - LatticeFold: A Lattice-based Folding Scheme and its Application...Alex Pruden
Folding is a recent technique for building efficient recursive SNARKs. Several elegant folding protocols have been proposed, such as Nova, Supernova, Hypernova, Protostar, and others. However, all of them rely on an additively homomorphic commitment scheme based on discrete log, and are therefore not post-quantum secure. In this work we present LatticeFold, the first lattice-based folding protocol based on the Module SIS problem. This folding protocol naturally leads to an efficient recursive lattice-based SNARK and an efficient PCD scheme. LatticeFold supports folding low-degree relations, such as R1CS, as well as high-degree relations, such as CCS. The key challenge is to construct a secure folding protocol that works with the Ajtai commitment scheme. The difficulty, is ensuring that extracted witnesses are low norm through many rounds of folding. We present a novel technique using the sumcheck protocol to ensure that extracted witnesses are always low norm no matter how many rounds of folding are used. Our evaluation of the final proof system suggests that it is as performant as Hypernova, while providing post-quantum security.
Paper Link: https://eprint.iacr.org/2024/257
ScyllaDB is making a major architecture shift. We’re moving from vNode replication to tablets – fragments of tables that are distributed independently, enabling dynamic data distribution and extreme elasticity. In this keynote, ScyllaDB co-founder and CTO Avi Kivity explains the reason for this shift, provides a look at the implementation and roadmap, and shares how this shift benefits ScyllaDB users.
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024Hiroshi SHIBATA
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
"Choosing proper type of scaling", Olena SyrotaFwdays
Imagine an IoT processing system that is already quite mature and production-ready and for which client coverage is growing and scaling and performance aspects are life and death questions. The system has Redis, MongoDB, and stream processing based on ksqldb. In this talk, firstly, we will analyze scaling approaches and then select the proper ones for our system.
This talk will cover ScyllaDB Architecture from the cluster-level view and zoom in on data distribution and internal node architecture. In the process, we will learn the secret sauce used to get ScyllaDB's high availability and superior performance. We will also touch on the upcoming changes to ScyllaDB architecture, moving to strongly consistent metadata and tablets.
[OReilly Superstream] Occupy the Space: A grassroots guide to engineering (an...Jason Yip
The typical problem in product engineering is not bad strategy, so much as “no strategy”. This leads to confusion, lack of motivation, and incoherent action. The next time you look for a strategy and find an empty space, instead of waiting for it to be filled, I will show you how to fill it in yourself. If you’re wrong, it forces a correction. If you’re right, it helps create focus. I’ll share how I’ve approached this in the past, both what works and lessons for what didn’t work so well.
In the realm of cybersecurity, offensive security practices act as a critical shield. By simulating real-world attacks in a controlled environment, these techniques expose vulnerabilities before malicious actors can exploit them. This proactive approach allows manufacturers to identify and fix weaknesses, significantly enhancing system security.
This presentation delves into the development of a system designed to mimic Galileo's Open Service signal using software-defined radio (SDR) technology. We'll begin with a foundational overview of both Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and the intricacies of digital signal processing.
The presentation culminates in a live demonstration. We'll showcase the manipulation of Galileo's Open Service pilot signal, simulating an attack on various software and hardware systems. This practical demonstration serves to highlight the potential consequences of unaddressed vulnerabilities, emphasizing the importance of offensive security practices in safeguarding critical infrastructure.
Northern Engraving | Modern Metal Trim, Nameplates and Appliance PanelsNorthern Engraving
What began over 115 years ago as a supplier of precision gauges to the automotive industry has evolved into being an industry leader in the manufacture of product branding, automotive cockpit trim and decorative appliance trim. Value-added services include in-house Design, Engineering, Program Management, Test Lab and Tool Shops.
AppSec PNW: Android and iOS Application Security with MobSFAjin Abraham
Mobile Security Framework - MobSF is a free and open source automated mobile application security testing environment designed to help security engineers, researchers, developers, and penetration testers to identify security vulnerabilities, malicious behaviours and privacy concerns in mobile applications using static and dynamic analysis. It supports all the popular mobile application binaries and source code formats built for Android and iOS devices. In addition to automated security assessment, it also offers an interactive testing environment to build and execute scenario based test/fuzz cases against the application.
This talk covers:
Using MobSF for static analysis of mobile applications.
Interactive dynamic security assessment of Android and iOS applications.
Solving Mobile app CTF challenges.
Reverse engineering and runtime analysis of Mobile malware.
How to shift left and integrate MobSF/mobsfscan SAST and DAST in your build pipeline.
How information systems are built or acquired puts information, which is what they should be about, in a secondary place. Our language adapted accordingly, and we no longer talk about information systems but applications. Applications evolved in a way to break data into diverse fragments, tightly coupled with applications and expensive to integrate. The result is technical debt, which is re-paid by taking even bigger "loans", resulting in an ever-increasing technical debt. Software engineering and procurement practices work in sync with market forces to maintain this trend. This talk demonstrates how natural this situation is. The question is: can something be done to reverse the trend?
1. Er. Simranjeet Singh, Er. Jasbir Singh / International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
(IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue4, July-August 2012, pp.1290-1297
Performance Analysis of Fuzzy Logic Based PD, PI and PID Controllers
Er. Simranjeet Singh#, Er. Jasbir Singh*
#
Student, M.Tech, 2nd year, Regular, ECE Department, Yadavindra College of Engineering, Talwandi Sabo
*
Assistant Professor, ECE Department, Yadavindra College of Engineering, Talwandi Sabo
Abstract— Fuzzy logic control has emerged as one of the active derivative filters. The structure of the linear PI controller may
area for research. It has evolved as an alternative to the be presented in a modified block diagram in Figure 1.3.
conventional control strategies in various engineering areas. The
way is applying fuzzy logic to the design of PID controllers is
termed as Fuzzy PID controllers. In this paper, fuzzy logic
based PID controllers are compared with fuzzy logic based PD
and PI controllers on the basis of transient response (such as
rise time, peak time, maximum overshoot and settling time in
step response) and steady state response (such as sum square
error, integral absolute error (IAE) and integral absolute time
multiplied error (IATE)) for first order and second order
systems.
Keywords— Unit step signal, Fuzzy controller, Transfer
function, Discrete filter
I. INTRODUCTION
The structure of the Fuzzy PD controller is given in Figure
1.1. In this, the derivation is made at the input of the fuzzy
block error e. For the fuzzy PD controller, the following Figure 1.2 Structure of a Fuzzy PI controller
relation in the z-domain:
𝑧−1
u(z) = 𝑐 𝑢 [𝑥 𝑒 (z)+𝑥 𝑑𝑒 (z)] = 𝑐 𝑢 [𝑐 𝑒 +𝑐 𝑑𝑒 ]e(z)
ℎ𝑧
With this relation the transfer function results:
𝑢(𝑧) 𝑧−1
𝐻 𝑅𝐹 (z) = = 𝑐 𝑢 (𝑐 𝑒 + 𝑐 𝑑𝑒 )
𝑒 (𝑧) ℎ𝑧
For the PD linear controller we take the transfer function:
𝐻 𝑅𝐺 (s) = 𝐾 𝑅𝐺 (1+𝑇 𝐷 𝑠)
Figure 1.3 The modified block diagram of the linear PI
controller
For this structure the following modified form of the transfer
function may be written:
1 1 1
𝑢 𝑠 = 𝐾𝑅 𝑠+ 𝑒 𝑠 = 𝐾𝑅 𝑥𝑡 𝑠
𝑠 𝑇𝑅 𝑠
Figure 1.1 The block diagram of the Fuzzy PD Where
controller with scaling coefficients
𝑥 𝑡 = 𝑒 + 𝑑𝑒
The structure of the Fuzzy PI controller with integration at
its output is presented in Fig 1.2. The controller is working 1
𝑒= 𝑒
𝑇𝑅
after the error e between the input variable reference and the
feedback variable r. In this structure we may notice that two
𝑑𝑒 = s.e
filter were used. One of them is placed at the input of the
fuzzy block and the other at the output of the fuzzy block. In The fuzzy block may be described using its input-output
the approach of the fuzzy PID controllers the concepts of transfer characteristics, its variable gain and its gain in origin
integration and derivation are used for describing that these
as a linear function around the origin (𝑒=0, 𝑑𝑒=0, 𝑢 𝑑 =0).
filters have mathematical models obtained by discretization
of a continuous time mathematical models for integrator and
1290 | P a g e
2. Er. Simranjeet Singh, Er. Jasbir Singh / International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
(IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue4, July-August 2012, pp.1290-1297
limitation is introduced because in general case the numerical
calculus of the inference is made only on the scaled universe
of discourse [-1, 1]. The Fuzzy block offers the defuzzified
value of the output variable ud. This value is scaled with an
output scaling coefficient cdu:
𝑢 𝑑 = 𝑐 𝑑𝑢 𝑢 𝑑
In the case of the fuzzy PI controller with integration at the
output the scaled variable 𝑢 𝑑 is the derivative of the output
variable „u‟ of the controller. The output variable is obtained
at the output of the second filter which has an integrator
Figure 1.4 The block diagram of the linear PI controller with character and it is placed at the output of the controller:
scaling coefficients
𝑡
u(t) = 0
𝑢 𝑑 (𝜏)𝑑𝜏
The block diagram of the linear PI controller may be put
similar as the block diagram of the fuzzy PI controller as in 𝑧
u(z) = 𝑢 𝑑 (z)
Figure 1.4. For the transfer function of the linear PI controller 𝑧−1
with scaling coefficients the following relation may be The input-output model in the discrete time of the output
written: filter is:
1 1 1
𝐻 𝑅 (s) = 𝐾 𝑅 . (𝑠 + )= K.𝑐 𝑙𝑑𝑢 . . (𝑐 𝑒𝑙 + 𝑐 𝑙𝑑𝑒 𝑠) u(t + 1) = u(t)+𝑢 𝑑 (t + 1)
𝑠 𝑇𝑅 𝑠
The derivation, integration are made in discrete time and The above relation shows that the output variable is
specific scaling coefficients are introduced. The saturation computed based on the information from the time moments t
elements are introduced because the fuzzy block is working and t + h:
on scaled universes of discourse [-1,1]. The filter from the
controller input placed on the low channel takes the operation 𝑢 𝑘+1 = u((k + 1)h)
of digital derivation at its output we obtain the derivative de
of the error e: 𝑢 𝑘 = u(kh)
𝑑 𝑢dk+1= 𝑢d((k+1)h)
de(t) = 𝑒(𝑡)
𝑑𝑡
From the above relations we may notice that the “integration”
𝑧−1
de(z) = 𝑒(𝑧) is reduced in fact at a summation:
ℎ𝑧
where h is the sampling period. In the domain of discrete 𝑢 𝑘+1 = 𝑢 𝑘 +𝑢dk+1
time the derivative block has the input-output model:
This equation could be easily implemented in digital
1 1 equipments. Due to this operation of summation, the output
de(t+h) = 𝑒 𝑡+ℎ − 𝑒(t)
ℎ ℎ scaling coefficient cdu is called also the increment coefficient.
The controller presented above could be called Fuzzy
That shows us that the digital derivation is there controller with summation at the output and not with
accomplished based on the information of error at the time integration at the output.
moments t = tk = k.h and tk+1 = tk+h:
The structure of the Fuzzy PID controller is presented in
𝑒 𝑘 = e(kh) Figure 1.5. In this, the derivation and integration is made at
the input of the fuzzy bock on the error e. The Fuzzy block
𝑒 𝑘+1 = e((k+1)h)
has three input variables xe, xie and xde. The transfer function
So, the digital equipment is making in fact the substraction of of the PID controller is obtained considering a linearization
the two values. The error e and its derivative de are scaled of the fuzzy block around the origin, for xe=0, xie=0, xde=0,
with two scaling coefficients ce and cde, as it follows: ud=0 with a relation of the following form:
𝑒(t) = cee(t) 𝑢 𝑑 = 𝐾0 (𝑥 𝑒 + 𝑥 𝑖𝑒 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑒 )
𝑑𝑒(t) = 𝑐 𝑑𝑒 de(t)
The variables xe and xde from the inputs of the fuzzy block are
obtained by a superior limitation to 1 and an inferior
limitation to –1, of the scaled variables e and de. This
1291 | P a g e
3. Er. Simranjeet Singh, Er. Jasbir Singh / International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
(IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue4, July-August 2012, pp.1290-1297
II. IMPLEMENTATION
In Fuzzy Based PD controller, Proportional gain Kp and
Derivative gain Kd are used to produce controlled output. For
the designing of fuzzy based PD controller for first order and
second order systems, the model as shown in figure 1.6 is
used. Ce and Cde are the input gains and Cu is output gain that
are used to produce proportional and derivative control
action.
Figure 1.5 The block diagram of the Fuzzy PID controller
The Fuzzy block from the PID controller which has 3 input
variables may describe is :
𝑢𝑑
𝐾 𝐵𝐹 𝑥 𝑡 ; 𝑥 𝑑𝑒 , 𝑥 𝑖𝑒 = 0 = , 𝑥 ≠0
𝑥𝑡 𝑡
where:
𝑥 𝑡 = 𝑥 𝑒 + 𝑥 𝑖𝑒 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑒
The value K0 is the limit value in origin of the characteristics Figure 1.6 Block Diagram of Fuzzy Based PD Controller
of the function:
In Fuzzy Based PI controller, Proportional gain Kp and
𝐾 𝑜 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑥 →0 𝐾 𝐵𝐹 (𝑥 𝑡 ; 𝑥 𝑑𝑒 , 𝑥 𝑖𝑒 = 0) Integral gain Ki are used to produce controlled output. For the
designing of fuzzy PI controller for first order and second
Taking account of the correction made on the fuzzy block order systems, the model as shown in figure 1.7 is used. In
with the incremental coefficient cu, the characteristic of the this model Ce and Cde are the input gains and Cdu is output
fuzzy block corrected and linearized around the origin is gain that are used to produce proportional and integral
given by the relation: control action.
u = 𝑐 𝑢 𝐾 𝑜 (𝑥 𝑒 + 𝑥 𝑖𝑒 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑒 ) In Fuzzy Based PID controller, Proportional gain Kp,
Integral gain Ki and Derivative gain Kd are used to produce
We are denoting: controlled output. For the designing of fuzzy PID controller
for first order and second order systems, the model as shown
𝑐 𝑢 = 𝑐 𝑢 𝐾𝑜 in figure 1.8 is used. Ce, Cie and Cde are the input gains and
Cu is output gain that are used to produce proportional,
For the fuzzy controller with the fuzzy block, the following
integral and derivative control action.
input output relation in the z domain may be written:
u(z) = 𝑐 𝑢 [𝑥 𝑒 (z) +
𝑧 𝑧−1
𝑥 𝑖𝑒 𝑧 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑒 (𝑧)] = 𝑐 𝑢 [𝑐 𝑒 + 𝑐 𝑖𝑒 +𝑐 𝑑𝑒 ]𝑒(𝑧)
𝑧−1 ℎ𝑧
With these observations the transfer function of the fuzzy
PID controller becomes:
𝑢(𝑧) 𝑧 𝑧−1
𝐻 𝑅𝐹 𝑧 = = 𝑐 𝑢 (𝑐 𝑒 +𝑐 𝑖𝑒 + 𝑐 𝑑𝑒 )
𝑒(𝑧) 𝑧−1 ℎ𝑧
For the linear PID controller, the following relation for the
transfer function is considered:
1
𝐻 𝑅𝐺 𝑠 = 𝐾 𝑅𝐺 ( 1 + 𝑇 𝐷 𝑠 +
𝑇1 𝑠
Figure 1.7 Block Diagram of Fuzzy Based PI Controller
1292 | P a g e
4. Er. Simranjeet Singh, Er. Jasbir Singh / International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
(IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue4, July-August 2012, pp.1290-1297
IAE ( R y)2
Sum Square Error (SSE) is simply sum of magnitude of
Integral Absolute Error (IAE) values at every instant of time
is given by the equation as under
n
SSE ( R y)2
t 1
Integral Absolute Time Multiplied Error (IATE) is sum of the
Integral Absolute Error (IAE) multiplied with corressponding
instant of time given by equation as under
n
IATE ( R y)2 * t
t 1
Figure 1.8 Block Diagram of Fuzzy Based PID Controller First Order System
In fuzzy based PD, PI, PID controllers, Proportional gain Kp, a) Fuzzy Logic Based PD Controller
Integral gain Ki and Derivative gain Kd are used to produce The transient response of the system is shown in figure 1.9. It
controlled output. There are two inputs error (E) and change is clear from the response that rise time of the system is 3.00
in error (CE) to fuzzy controller and a single output U. The sec. The response reaches to its maximum value at 5.00 sec.
universe of discourse each variable E, CE and U is [-2,2]. For The maximum overshoot produced by the response is 0.54
input and output variables there are seven membership and settled down at 34 sec.
functions named as NL (Negative Large), NM (Negative
Medium), NS (Negative Small), ZR (Zero), PS (Positive The steady state response of the system is shown in the figure
Small), PM (Positive Medium), PL (Positive Large) 1.10. This plot shows the variation of sum squared error with
respectively. A change in gain factor affects all fuzzy rules. respect to time. In initial conditions the sum square error is
Gain factors for fuzzy PD controller are calculated in section one then it reduces steadily but after about 3 seconds it
1 in terms of Ce, Cde and Cu. From these gain variables increases again due to undershoot. Finally, the overshoot
proportional and derivative gains calculated. Gain factors for decreases and error reduces to almost zero and system
fuzzy PI controller are calculated in section 1 in terms of Ce, reaches its steady state response when time reaches to 44 sec.
Cde and Cdu. From these gain variables proportional and The integral absolute error (IAE) is 11.50 and integral
Integral gains calculated. Gain factors for fuzzy PID absolute time multiplied error (IATE) is 42.00.
controller are calculated in section 1 in terms of Ce, Cie, Cde
and Cu. From these gain variables proportional, Integral and
derivative gains calculated. The fuzzy controller uses the set
of 49 rules to produce the controlled output. The output is
again multiplied by the output gain and then applied to the
first order and second order systems. The discrete filter is
used to obtain the change in error signal. The integrator is
used to perform the integral action. The final output y is
calculated up to the time period of 50 sec, then its
characteristics like rise time, peak time, maximum overshoot,
settling time, sum square error, integral absolute error (IAE)
and integral of time multiplied absolute error (ITAE) are
calculated. The output is calculated by hit and trial method.
Figure 1.9 Transient Response of Fuzzy Based PD Controller
III. RESULTS
In results, fuzzy based PD, PI and PID controllers for first
and second order systems are compared on the basis of terms
like rise time, peak time, maximum overshoot, settling time,
sum square error, integral absolute error (IAE) and integral
absolute time multiplied error (IATE) are used. Kp, Ki and Kd
made variable to get the undamped transient response of the
system.
Integral Absolute Error (IAE) is the magnitude of the error at
every instant of time given by equation as under
1293 | P a g e
5. Er. Simranjeet Singh, Er. Jasbir Singh / International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
(IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue4, July-August 2012, pp.1290-1297
c) Fuzzy Logic Based PID Controller
The transient response of the system is shown in figure 1.13.
It is clear from the response that rise time of the system is
3.00 sec. The response reaches to its maximum value at 4.00
sec. The maximum overshoot produced by the response is
0.17 and settled down at 9.00 sec.
The steady state response of the system is shown in the figure
1.14. This plot shows the variation of sum squared error with
respect to time. In initial conditions the sum square error is
one then it reduces steadily but after about 3 seconds it
increases again due to undershoot. Finally, the overshoot
Figure 1.10 Steady State Response of Fuzzy Based PD decreases and error reduces to almost zero and system
Controller reaches its steady state response when time reaches to 10 sec.
The integral absolute error (IAE) is 8.58 and integral absolute
b) Fuzzy Logic Based PI Controller time multiplied error (IATE) is 16.4.
The transient response of the system is shown in figure 1.11.
It is clear from the response that rise time of the system is
3.00 sec. The response reaches to its maximum value at 5.00
sec. The maximum overshoot produced by the response is
0.38 and settled down at 19 sec.
Figure 1.13 Transient Response of Fuzzy Based PID
Controller
Figure 1.11 Transient Response of Fuzzy Based PI Controller
Figure 1.14 Steady State Response of Fuzzy Based PID
Controller
Figure 1.12 Steady State Response of Fuzzy Based PI
Controller
The steady state response of the system is shown in the figure
1.12. This plot shows the variation of sum squared error with
respect to time. In initial conditions the sum square error is
one then it reduces steadily but after about 3 seconds it
increases again due to undershoot. Finally, the overshoot
decreases and error reduces to almost zero and system
reaches its steady state response after 32 seconds. The
integral absolute error (IAE) is 9.96 and integral absolute
time multiplied error (IATE) is 20.27.
1294 | P a g e
6. Er. Simranjeet Singh, Er. Jasbir Singh / International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
(IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue4, July-August 2012, pp.1290-1297
Figure 1.16 Steady State Response of Fuzzy Based PD
Controller
Table 1.1 Comparison of Performance of Controllers for First
Order System
Second Order System
a) Fuzzy Logic Based PD Controller
The transient response of the system is shown in figure 1.15.
It is clear from the response that rise time of the system is 5.9
sec. The response reaches to its maximum value at 10.00 sec.
The maximum overshoot produced by the response is 0.57 Figure 1.17 Transient Response of Fuzzy Based PI Controller
and settled down at 46.74 sec.
The steady state response of the system is shown in the figure
1.16. This plot shows the variation of sum squared error with
respect to time. In initial conditions the sum square error is
one then it reduces steadily but after about 5.5 seconds it
increases again due to undershoot. Finally, the overshoot
decreases and error reduces to almost zero and system
reaches its steady state response when time reaches to 50 sec.
The integral absolute error (IAE) is 36.22 and integral
absolute time multiplied error (IATE) is 395.78.
Figure 1.18 Steady State Response of Fuzzy Based PI
Controller
4.00 sec. The response reaches to its maximum value at 6.00
sec. The maximum overshoot produced by the response is .27
and settled down at 9.39 sec.
The steady state response of the system is shown in the figure
1.18. This plot shows the variation of sum squared error with
respect to time. In initial conditions the sum square error is
one then it reduces steadily but after about 4 seconds it
Figure 1.15 Transient Response of Fuzzy Based PD increases again due to undershoot. Finally, the overshoot
Controller decreases and error reduces to almost zero and system
reaches its steady state response when time reaches to 22.5
b) Fuzzy Logic Based PI Controller sec. The integral absolute error (IAE) is 15.5 and integral
The transient response of the system is shown in figure 1.17. absolute time multiplied error (IATE) is 33.6.
It is clear from the response that rise time of the system is
c) Fuzzy Logic Based PID Controller
1295 | P a g e
7. Er. Simranjeet Singh, Er. Jasbir Singh / International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
(IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue4, July-August 2012, pp.1290-1297
The transient response of the system is shown in figure 1.19.
It is clear from the response that rise time of the system is
3.78 sec. The response reaches to its maximum value at 4.82
sec. The maximum overshoot produced by the response is
0.09 and settled down at 6.38 sec.
The steady state response of the system is shown in the figure
1.20. This plot shows the variation of sum squared error with
respect to time. In initial conditions the sum square error is
one then it reduces steadily but after about 3 seconds it
increases again due to undershoot. Finally, the overshoot
decreases and error reduces to almost zero and system
reaches its steady state response when time reaches to 12 sec.
The integral absolute error (IAE) is 12.90 and integral
absolute time multiplied error (IATE) is 31.84.
Table 1.2 Comparison of Performance of Controllers for
Second Order System
IV. CONCLUSION
It is concluded that fuzzy based PID controllers designed
with integral and derivative control actions and a set of 49
rules improves the transient and steady state responses for
first order and second order systems. In case of first order
system, The Integral absolute error (IAE), Integral absolute
time multiplied error (IATE), Peak time, Maximum
overshoot, Settling time are reduced in fuzzy based PID
controller as compared to fuzzy based PD and PI controllers
Figure 1.19 Transient Response of Fuzzy Based PID but Rise time for fuzzy based PD, PI and PID controllers are
Controller same. In case of second order system, The Integral absolute
error (IAE), Integral absolute time multiplied error (IATE),
Rise time, Peak time, Maximum overshoot and Settling time
are reduced in fuzzy based PID controller as compared to
fuzzy based PD and PI controllers. In both first order and
second order systems, the maximum overshoot is controlled
by controlling the value of rise time, peak time and settling
time by using of adjustable gain factors. So, from the results,
it is clear that fuzzy based PID controllers are more effective
than fuzzy based PD and PI controllers for first order and
second order systems.
REFERENCES
[1] M.S. Islam, N. Amin, M. Zaman and M.S. Bhuyan,
“Fuzzy based PID controller using VHDL for
Figure 1.20 Steady State Response of Fuzzy Based PID
transportation application” (2008), International Journal
Controller
of Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied
Sciences, Vol. 2, pp. 143.
[2] L. Yao and C.C. Lin, "Design of gain scheduled fuzzy
PID controller" (2005), World Academy of Science,
Engineering and Technology, pp. 152.
[3] J.Y. Chen and Y.H. Lin, “A self-tuning Fuzzy controller
design” (1997), IEEE International Conference on
Neural Networks, Vol. 3, pp. 1358-1362.
[4] H. Miyata, M. Ohki and M. Ohkita, “Self-tuning of
fuzzy reasoning by the steepest descent method and its
1296 | P a g e
8. Er. Simranjeet Singh, Er. Jasbir Singh / International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
(IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue4, July-August 2012, pp.1290-1297
application to a parallel parking” (1996), IEICE Trans.
Inf. and Syst., Vol. E79-D(5), pp. 561-569.
[5] E. Chiricozzi, F. Parasiliti, P. Tursini and D.Q. Zhang,
“Fuzzy self-tuning PI control of PM synchronous motor
drives” (1995), International Conference on Power
Electronics and Drive Systems Proceedings, Vol. 2, pp.
749-754.
[6] J.M. Mendel, “A tutorial on fuzzy logic systems for
engineering” (1995), IEEE, pp. 345.
[7] K.B. Ramkumar and M. Chidambaram, “Fuzzy self-
tuning PI controller for bioreactors” (1995), Bioprocess
Engineering, Vol. 12(5), pp. 263-267.
[8] W.C. Daugherity, B. Rathakrishnan and J. Yen,
“Performance evaluation of a self-tuning fuzzy
controller” (1992), IEEE International Conference on
Fuzzy Systems, pp. 389-397.
[9] H. Takagi, “Application of neural networks and fuzzy
logic to consumer products” (1992), Industrial
Electronics, Control, Instrumentation and Automation
Power Electronics and Motion Control, Vol. 3, pp.
1629-1633.
[10] K. Ogata, “State space analysis of control systems”
(1967), Upper Sadle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Simranjeet Singh Currently persuing M.Tech
degree in “Electronics and Communication
Engineering” department from Yadavindra
College of Engineering, Talwandi Sabo under
Punjabi University, Patiala. He has done his
B.Tech in E.C.E department from GTBKIET,
Chhapianwali (Malout) under Punjab Technical University,
Jalandhar. His area of interest is Fuzzy Logic.
Jasbir Singh is working as Assistant Professor
in E.C.E department, Yadavindra College of
Engineering, Talwandi Sabo. He has done
M.E. in Electronics Product Design and
Technology from PEC, Chandigarh. His areas
of interest include Fuzzy Logic and
Electronics Product Design. He has published 4 papers
in national conferences.
1297 | P a g e