Heredity Stations Review
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This document contains 14 stations with questions about genetics and cell biology concepts. Station 1 contains a Punnett square and questions about predicting offspring traits. Stations 2-13 each contain a short question about a genetics or cell biology topic such as inherited traits, alleles, mitosis, meiosis, diploid vs haploid, organelle functions. Station 14 asks what determines a specific trait.
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Heredity
Here are the answers to the questions:
1. Aa, Bb, nn
2. A and a, B and b
3. Meiosis
4. Homozygous recessive
5. 1 affected: 3 normal
6. Blood group A
7. 3 black: 1 white
8. c
9. 1:1
10. Nn
11. b
The key is that if normal parents have an affected child, both must be carriers (heterozygous) for the recessive allele.
Let me know if any of the explanations need more clarity!
Heredity
Here are the answers to the questions:
1. Aa, Bb, nn
2. A and a, B and b
3. Meiosis
4. Homozygous recessive
5. 1 affected: 3 normal
6. Blood group A
7. 3 black: 1 white
8. c
9. 1:1
10. Nn
11. b
The key is that if normal parents have an affected child, both must be carriers (heterozygous) for the recessive allele.
Let me know if any of the explanations need more clarity!
Epistasis/class 12 biology
it is about the genetic interaction, epistatic mechanism of dominant and recessive takes place in animal and plants
Multiple alleles
1. The document discusses multiple alleles and uses examples like coat color in cats (C+, Cch, Ch, c) and blood types (A, B, AB, O) to illustrate the concept.
2. It explains the genetics of multiple alleles, including how multiple forms of a gene can reside at one locus on a chromosome and how they interact in terms of dominance.
3. The document provides examples of multiple allele inheritance patterns seen in blood types and self-incompatibility.
58 ch13beyondmendel2008
This document discusses extensions to Mendel's laws of inheritance, including incomplete dominance, co-dominance, pleiotropy, epistasis, polygenic inheritance, sex linkage, and environmental influences on phenotypes. It provides examples like flower color in plants displaying incomplete dominance, blood types showing co-dominance, diseases like dwarfism influenced by pleiotropic genes, coat color in mice impacted by epistatic gene interactions, traits like height determined by multiple genes, and sex-linked traits in Drosophila first observed by Thomas Hunt Morgan.
B24 ppt heredity follows different rules
Here are the answers to the quiz:
1. allele
2. codominant
3. multiple
4. autosome
5. sex
6. linked
7. polygenic
8. external
9. internal
10. sickle cell
11. blood types
12. red-green color blindness
13. hemophilia
14. skin color
15. karyotype
For homework: Draw out the steps of protein synthesis including transcription and translation. Label each step.
Pre-AP_Biology_Unit_04_-_Genetics_Practice_Set (1).pdf
This document provides genetics practice problems and examples related to monohybrid and dihybrid crosses, inheritance of sex-linked traits, blood typing, and other genetics concepts. It begins with practice problems identifying genotypes and predicting phenotypes based on genetic crosses. The document then provides step-by-step examples and explanations of monohybrid and dihybrid crosses, inheritance patterns such as incomplete dominance and codominance, sex-linked traits, and multiple alleles as seen in human blood typing. Students are to complete related practice problems and predict outcomes of genetic crosses based on provided genotypes.
Pre-AP_Biology_Unit_04_-_Genetics_Practice_Set.pdf
This document provides genetics practice problems and instructions for solving monohybrid and dihybrid cross problems. It includes examples of setting up Punnett squares and predicting offspring genotypes and phenotypes for crosses involving one or two gene traits. Students are asked to solve sample genetics problems involving traits such as pea pod shape, eye color in mice, and fur color/texture in guinea pigs. The document emphasizes following a five step process: determining parent genotypes, setting up a Punnett square, predicting offspring genotypes and phenotypes, and working backwards from given offspring data.
Recommended
Heredity
Here are the answers to the questions:
1. Aa, Bb, nn
2. A and a, B and b
3. Meiosis
4. Homozygous recessive
5. 1 affected: 3 normal
6. Blood group A
7. 3 black: 1 white
8. c
9. 1:1
10. Nn
11. b
The key is that if normal parents have an affected child, both must be carriers (heterozygous) for the recessive allele.
Let me know if any of the explanations need more clarity!
Heredity
Here are the answers to the questions:
1. Aa, Bb, nn
2. A and a, B and b
3. Meiosis
4. Homozygous recessive
5. 1 affected: 3 normal
6. Blood group A
7. 3 black: 1 white
8. c
9. 1:1
10. Nn
11. b
The key is that if normal parents have an affected child, both must be carriers (heterozygous) for the recessive allele.
Let me know if any of the explanations need more clarity!
Epistasis/class 12 biology
it is about the genetic interaction, epistatic mechanism of dominant and recessive takes place in animal and plants
Multiple alleles
1. The document discusses multiple alleles and uses examples like coat color in cats (C+, Cch, Ch, c) and blood types (A, B, AB, O) to illustrate the concept.
2. It explains the genetics of multiple alleles, including how multiple forms of a gene can reside at one locus on a chromosome and how they interact in terms of dominance.
3. The document provides examples of multiple allele inheritance patterns seen in blood types and self-incompatibility.
58 ch13beyondmendel2008
This document discusses extensions to Mendel's laws of inheritance, including incomplete dominance, co-dominance, pleiotropy, epistasis, polygenic inheritance, sex linkage, and environmental influences on phenotypes. It provides examples like flower color in plants displaying incomplete dominance, blood types showing co-dominance, diseases like dwarfism influenced by pleiotropic genes, coat color in mice impacted by epistatic gene interactions, traits like height determined by multiple genes, and sex-linked traits in Drosophila first observed by Thomas Hunt Morgan.
B24 ppt heredity follows different rules
Here are the answers to the quiz:
1. allele
2. codominant
3. multiple
4. autosome
5. sex
6. linked
7. polygenic
8. external
9. internal
10. sickle cell
11. blood types
12. red-green color blindness
13. hemophilia
14. skin color
15. karyotype
For homework: Draw out the steps of protein synthesis including transcription and translation. Label each step.
Pre-AP_Biology_Unit_04_-_Genetics_Practice_Set (1).pdf
This document provides genetics practice problems and examples related to monohybrid and dihybrid crosses, inheritance of sex-linked traits, blood typing, and other genetics concepts. It begins with practice problems identifying genotypes and predicting phenotypes based on genetic crosses. The document then provides step-by-step examples and explanations of monohybrid and dihybrid crosses, inheritance patterns such as incomplete dominance and codominance, sex-linked traits, and multiple alleles as seen in human blood typing. Students are to complete related practice problems and predict outcomes of genetic crosses based on provided genotypes.
Pre-AP_Biology_Unit_04_-_Genetics_Practice_Set.pdf
This document provides genetics practice problems and instructions for solving monohybrid and dihybrid cross problems. It includes examples of setting up Punnett squares and predicting offspring genotypes and phenotypes for crosses involving one or two gene traits. Students are asked to solve sample genetics problems involving traits such as pea pod shape, eye color in mice, and fur color/texture in guinea pigs. The document emphasizes following a five step process: determining parent genotypes, setting up a Punnett square, predicting offspring genotypes and phenotypes, and working backwards from given offspring data.
1. An exergonic reaction ____________ . a. has the same amount of .pdf
1. An exergonic reaction ____________ .
a. has the same amount of energy in the reactants and the product
b. has reactants that contain more energy than the product
c. requires the input of energy
d. releases energy
2. Which of these is an example of a phenotype?
a. Bb
b. heterozygote
c. brown hair
d. answers a and c are both correct
3. Polar bodies are ____________ .
a. cells found in the arctic
b. formed during meiosis when sperm are made
c. formed during meiosis when eggs are made
d. an inactive X chromosome
4. True or false: living things are the only things that possess metabolism.
a. True b. False
5. Sister chromatids are produced (not when you can see them) during _____ .
a. Telophase
b. Anaphase
c. Interphase
d. Prophase
6. Trisomy 21 or \"Down\'s Syndrome\" is an example of nondisjunction. This means ___ .
a. chromosomes failed to separate during meiosis
b. chromosomes failed to separate during mitosis
c. two genes overlapped at more than one junction
d. two genes failed to overlap at more than one junction
7.____is an example of Homeostasis.
a. a bird\'s ability to fly (remain in the air against gravity)
b. a mammal\'s ability to regulate glucose levels in the blood
c. a fish\'s ability to stay in one place in water without moving it\'s fins
d. a bee\'s ability to return to it\'s hive after a long flight
8. In a monohybrid cross (with 2 heterozygous parents), we always get a _____ratio of
phenotypes.
a. 3:1 b. 9:3:3:1 c. 1:1 d. 1:2:1
9. Which characteristic is not a characteristic of the kingdom Fungi
a. nonmotile
b. photosynthetic
C. multicellular
d. eukaryotic
10. During diffusion ions will ___________without adding energy.
a. move in both directions
b. move from high concentration
c. move from high concentration to low concentration
d. not move
11. \"P\" in ATP represents the element _______.
a. phosphorus b. sodium c. calcium d. potassium
12. In mitosis during anaphase _____.
a. chromosomes line up at the (equator)
b. DNA unwinds into chromatin and a nuclear membrane forms.
c. sister chromatids separate and migrate to opposite poles
d. DNA winds up into chromosomes and becomes visible under a microscope
13. In humans the first 22 pairs of chromosomes are called ___chromosomes.
a. sex b. lethal c. short d. autosomal
14. These three things are required for photosynthesis to occur
a. sugar, light, carbon dioxide
b. sugar, light, water
c. light, oxygen, carbon dioxide
d. light, carbon dioxide, water
15. Which is true of a \"theory\" in science?
a. it is a best guess
b. It is a statement of facts observed
c. It is a fact that science has been unable to disprove
d. All of the above are correct
16. The process of producing a protein from mRNA is __________.
a. mitosis b. transition c. translation d. transcription
Solution
Answer 1
An exergonic reaction: (d) releases energy
exergonic reaction releases energy, it is exothermic , the reactants lose energy to form the
product, the reaction is spontaneous.\'
2) Which of these is an example .
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Blaine Kitchenware – Case Assignment
MBA – Corporate Finance
You have been hired as a consultant to Victor Dubinski, the CEO of Blaine Kitchenware. You are charged with putting together a written report with supporting numerical analysis that addresses the following items:
1. Is the current capital structure and payout policy for Blaine optimal? Explain and justify your conclusion. Use numbers whenever possible.
2. Should Blaine recommend a large share repurchase to the Board of Directors? What are the advantages and disadvantages of this action? Again, explain and justify your conclusions. Use numbers whenever possible.
3. Consider two specific share repurchase proposals:
a. First Proposal
i. Blaine will issue $50 million in new debt at an interest rate of 6.75%
ii. Blaine will use $209 million of cash from its balance sheet
iii. Blaine will use these two sources of cash to repurchase 14 million shares at $18.50/share.
b. Second Proposal
i. Blaine will issue $95 million in new debt at an interest of 6.875%
ii. Blaine will use $209 million of cash from its balance sheet
iii. Blaine will use the two sources of cash to repurchase 16 million shares at $19.00/share.
c. Third Proposal
i. Blaine will issue $156 million in new debt at 7.125%
ii. Blaine will use $209 million of cash from its balance sheet
iii. Blaine will use the two sources of cash to repurchase 18.5 million shares.
d. How does a share repurchase affect Blaine? Consider the impact on items including (but not limited to) Blaine’s EPS, ROE, interest coverage, debt ratio, debt rating, the family’s ownership interest (proportion of shares outstanding) and the company’s cost of capital (WACC).
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BSC1005 Biology General
Chapter 10
Patterns of Inheritance
1
Chapter 10: Patterns of Inheritance, Mendel Laws
Multiple-Choice Questions
2) Which of the following statements best represents the theory of pangenesis developed by Hippocrates?
A) Pregnancy is a spontaneous event, and the characteristics of the offspring are determined by the gods.
B) Particles called pangenes, which originate in each part of an organism's body, collect in the sperm or eggs and are
passed on to the next generation.
C) Offspring inherit the traits of either the mother or the father, but not both.
D) Fertilization of plants is dependent on an animal.
E) Heritable traits are influenced by the environment and the behaviors of the parents.
3) Which of the following statements regarding hypotheses about inheritance is false?
A) The theory of pangenesis incorrectly suggests that reproductive cells receive particles from somatic cells.
B) Contrary to the theory of pangenesis, somatic cells do not influence eggs or sperm.
C) The blending hypothesis does not explain how trait ...
Dragon Genetics Hands on LabIntroductionThere are many patterns o.docx
Dragon Genetics Hands on LabIntroduction:
There are many patterns of inheritance. This lab will explore Mendelian traits where alleles are dominant or recessive. You will also have to understand genes that express incomplete dominance, codominance and are sex-linked. We will utilize this lab to explore those terms and to use our knowledge of gene combinations to create an organism.
Utilize this link to learn more about Mendelian traits, incomplete dominance and codominance.(Opens in new window) This link helps you to learn more about sex-linked genes. (Opens in new window)Part 1 Procedure: Checking for Understanding (Worth up to 15pts)
A. For each genotype, tell me if it’s homozygous or heterozygous. If it is homozygous also tell me if it is dominant or recessive.
1. BB
2. jj
3. Pp
4. RR
5. ff
B. Dimples (D) is dominant to (d) no dimples. Brown Eyes (B) are dominant to (b) blue eyes. For each genotype indicate the phenotype.
1. Dd
2. DD
3. dd
4. BB
5. bb
6. Bb
C. For each phenotype list the genotype(s). Trait: Red flower (R); White flower (r)
1. Red flower (homozygous)
2. Red flower (heterozygous)
3. White flowerPart 2: Creating the Parents (Worth up to 48 pts)
1. Flip a coin to determine the genotype for each trait and record it in the data table.
a. Heads= allele 1, Tails = allele 2 ( Example: if you flipped heads twice, your dragon will have two copies of allele 1 for her genotype)
2. Determine the phenotype resulting from the allele pair for each trait.
3. Repeat steps 1-2 for each trait and complete the Mama Dragon’s Table 1.
a. Pay attention to the notes under the trait; it means it does not fully follow Mendelian rules.
Example:
For the trait Eye Size. I flipped my coin 2 times. Flip 1= heads (E); Flip 2= heads (E). So I would put EE in the Genotype box and Two Small Eyes in the Phenotype box for that trait.
Table 1: Genotypes and Phenotypes for Mama Dragon
Trait
Allele 1
Allele 2
Genotype
Phenotype
Eye Size & Number
Two Small (E)
One large (e)
Eye Color
(incomplete Dom)
Red (R)
White (r)
Tail Shape
Curly (T)
Straight (t)
Tail Color
Purple (P)
Orange (p)
Teeth
Sharp (S)
Round (s)
Feet
Four toes (F)
Two toes (f)
Horn Color
(Codominant)
Purple (P)
White (W)
Ear Shape
Pointy (Y)
Round (y)
Claws
Long (L)
Short (l)
Skin Color
(Codominant)
Blue (B)
Yellow (Y)
Mane Texture
(incomplete Dom)
Curly (M)
Straight (m)
Dragon Hemophilia
(Sex- Linked)
Hemophilia (XH)
Normal Clotting (Xh)
Table 2: Genotype and Phenotypes for Daddy Dragon
Trait
Allele 1
Allele 2
Genotype
Phenotype
Eye Size & Number
Two Small (E)
One large (e)
Eye Color
(incomplete Dom)
Red (R)
White (r)
Tail Shape
Curly (T)
Straight (t)
Tail Color
Purple (P)
Orange (p)
Teeth
Sharp (S)
Round (s)
Feet
Four toes (F)
Two toes (f)
Horn Color
(Codominant)
Purple (P)
White (W)
Ear Shape
Pointy (Y)
Round (y)
Claws
Long (L)
Short (l)
Skin Color
(Codominant)
Blue (B)
Yellow (Y)
Mane Texture
(incomplete Dom)
Curly (M)
Straigh ...
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This document contains a practice test on mitosis and meiosis. It includes 22 multiple choice questions on mitosis and meiosis concepts such as the stages of cell division, changes in chromosome number, formation of gametes, and karyotypes. It also includes two sample karyotypes with 12 additional true/false questions about the karyotypes.
Gr.9-Reg.Science-Weekly-Prototype-LP-Wk-3-OK.docx
This document outlines a weekly prototype plan for a Science 9 class that covers non-Mendelian patterns of inheritance over 5 days. Each day focuses on a different topic: incomplete dominance on Monday, co-dominance on Tuesday, multiple alleles on Wednesday, solving related problems on Thursday, and reviewing the concepts on Friday. A variety of learning activities are provided, including defining terms, illustrating crosses with Punnett squares, solving genetics problems, and taking a test on Friday. The plan aims to explain different patterns of non-Mendelian inheritance and develop students' knowledge, skills, and honesty through these activities.
Gamified Intro to Genetics
This document contains genetics problems involving monohybrid and dihybrid crosses. It begins with background on genes, alleles, phenotypes, and Mendel's laws of inheritance. It then presents 5 genetics problems involving traits such as body color, head shape, nose length, blood type, and baldness. For each problem, it asks for the genotypes and phenotypes of offspring from a cross, as well as the phenotypic and genotypic ratios in subsequent generations. It concludes by asking for the importance of genetics and an explanation of one of Mendel's laws of inheritance.
What Is Inheritance
The document discusses inheritance and genetics. It defines key terms like genotype, phenotype, homozygous, heterozygous, and dominant and recessive alleles. It explains that chromosomes contain DNA and are passed from parents to offspring, determining characteristics. Offspring get one set of chromosomes from each parent through fertilization, forming a zygote with a full set from the species. Genes located on chromosomes control inherited traits and can be dominant or recessive.
7. Genetics And Inheritance
The document discusses genetic inheritance, including dominant and recessive alleles, genotypes and phenotypes, homozygous and heterozygous organisms, monohybrid crosses through generations F1 and F2, codominance and polygenic inheritance. It provides examples of inheritance patterns and uses Punnett squares to determine expected ratios of offspring genotypes and phenotypes from genetic crosses.
Biology paper 1&2 exam genetic 11 nal dic 11
This document contains instructions and questions for a biology exam consisting of two papers. Paper I contains 20 multiple choice questions testing core genetics concepts such as Mendelian inheritance, meiosis, mitosis, non-disjunction, and Down syndrome. Paper II contains longer, open-response questions involving applying genetics concepts like setting up punnett squares and interpreting pedigrees related to conditions like hemophilia. The exam is scheduled for Friday, December 9th, 2011 and students are instructed to show all work, use pen only, and write clearly.
7.genetics and inheritance
The document discusses genetics concepts like alleles, dominant and recessive traits, genotype and phenotype. It uses examples like pea plant height and mouse fur color to demonstrate inheritance patterns. Mendel's experiments with pea plants are cited to explain monohybrid crosses and how they were used to determine dominance relationships between alleles and predict offspring traits and genotypes.
Chapter 9
The document contains 20 multiple choice questions about basic genetics concepts such as Mendel's laws of inheritance, alleles, dominance, genotypes, phenotypes, monohybrid and dihybrid crosses. The questions cover topics like inheritance of traits in dogs, traits studied by Mendel in peas, parts of flowers, gamete formation, and Punnett squares.
Genetics
Gregor Mendel discovered the fundamental principles of genetics through breeding pea plants. He found that traits are determined by alleles, or alternative forms of genes. Dominant alleles will mask recessive alleles in heterozygous individuals. Mendel used Punnett squares and conducted monohybrid and dihybrid crosses to study inheritance patterns, discovering the principles of segregation and independent assortment. The Hardy-Weinberg principle states that allele frequencies in a population will remain constant over time if certain conditions are met.
Heredity
This document discusses heredity and genetics concepts including:
1) Genes are located on chromosomes and are passed from parents to offspring. Genes come in pairs and determine characteristics.
2) Dominant genes will be expressed even if only one allele is present, while recessive genes require two copies to be expressed.
3) Crossing heterozygous parents (with one dominant and one recessive allele) results in a 3:1 ratio of offspring displaying the dominant versus recessive trait.
4) Sex is determined by X and Y chromosomes, with females having two X chromosomes and males having one X and one Y.
Quizz genetics
1) The hereditary units in cells are called genes.
2) A typical human body cell contains 46 chromosomes.
3) Eggs and sperm contain 23 chromosomes each.
The document is a 15 question quiz about basic genetics concepts. It covers topics like chromosome number, sex chromosomes, genotypes, dominant and recessive traits, and predicting offspring based on parental genotypes.
Gregor Mendel used pea plants to study heredity in a series of exper.docx
Gregor Mendel used pea plants to study heredity in a series of experiments. Mendel worked by carefully observing and recording traits in successive generations of plants. Knowledge about DNA and chromosomes came later.
This lab will apply genetic laws to human inheritance using Punnett squares.
Recall that DNA is wound tightly into chromosomes. Cells with only one set of chromosomes, such as sex cells, are
haploid
. When two haploid cells fuse during fertilization, a diploid zygote with two full sets of chromosomes is formed. Most cells of a mature individual are diploid.
Homologous chromosomes
have the same genes, but they might have different versions (
alleles
) of those genes.
Diploid
cells have two alleles for each gene. These alleles might be identical (gene A) or different (gene B). Each gene’s
locus
is its location on a chromosome.
Human traits come through dominant or recessive inheritance. For example, the cystic fibrosis traits carried by a dominant allele are always expressed, even if the recessive gene is present (FF or Ff). The recessive is only expressed when two copies of the recessive allele are present (ff).
Mother: Healthy carrier
F
f
Father: Healthy carrier
F
FF
Healthy non-carrier
Ff
Healthy carrier
f
Ff
Healthy carrier
FF
Affected
Human gender is carried on the X and Y chromosomes. Females are XX and males are XY. Heredity traits such as color blindness, which is the inability to distinguish among some colors, are carried on the X chromosome (X
c
). The presence of one normal X
C
will allow normal vision.
In this next set of exercises, you will determine the genotypes of the parents by considering the inheritance patterns of traits in their children. The following is a table of the phenotypes of the family members:
Phenotype
Alleles
Parents
Mother
Not color blind
Freckles
Type B blood
X
c
X
C
Ff
I
B
i
Father
Color blind
No freckles
Type A blood
X
c
Y
Ff
I
A
i
Children
Abby
Color blind
Freckles
X
c
X
c
Ff or ff
Brady
Not color blind
No freckles
X
C
Y
ff
Carly
Not color blind
No freckles
X
c
X
C
ff
Dennis
Color blind
Freckles
X
c
Y
Ff or ff
Exercise 1: Color Blindness
Using the alleles XC (not color blind) and Xc (color blind), distribute the gametes from each parent to the outside of the Punnett square. Drag and drop the child with the correct phenotype to the box within the Punnett square that has the corresponding genotype that would occur from the fusion of egg and sperm as indicated by your placement of the gametes.
Exercise 2: Freckles
Freckles are groups of cells on the skin that produce the pigment melanin, often in response to exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light. The gene for freckles is inherited in a dominant/recessive pattern. A person carrying even a single copy of the dominant allele (F) will have freckles. A person who is homozygous recessive (ff) will have no freckles.
Using the alleles F (freckles) and f (no freckles), distribute the gametes from each parent to the outside of the Punne.
INET Lab Genetics Worksheet Report Template1© Access L.docx
INET Lab
Genetics Worksheet Report Template
1
© Access Learning Systems
Student:
Email:
Date:
For each correctly conducted genetics problem, you receive 5 points for a maximum 20 points. All Punnett squares must be shown.
1. There are 3 alleles controlling the ABO blood types. IA and IB are codominant genes so that the combination IAIB produces the AB blood type. The third allele, (i) is recessive to the other two alleles. Show your work for each cross.
Indicate which of these parents could produce the given child.
The first one is provided with answers as an example.
(HINT: Do not forget that a heterozygous versus a homozygous blood type may yield different results.)
a)
Parent
Child
A x AB
B
IA
IB
IA
IA IA
IA IB
IA
IA IA
IA IB
IA
IB
IA
IA IA
IA IB
i
IA i
IB i
Produce Child of Type?
No
Produce Child of Type?
Yes
b)
Parent
Child
A x O
A
Produce Child of Type?
Produce Child of Type?
c)
Parent
Child
A x B
O
Produce Child of Type?
Produce Child of Type?
Produce Child of Type?
Produce Child of Type?
d)
Parent
Child
A x AB
O
Produce Child of Type?
Produce Child of Type?
e)
Parent
Child
B x B
O
Produce Child of Type?
Produce Child of Type?
Produce Child of Type?
f)
Parent
Child
AB x AB
A
Produce Child of Type?
2. The allele for albinism (a) is recessive to the allele for normal pigmentation (A). A normally pigmented woman whose father is an albino marries an albino man whose parents are normal. They have three children, two normal and one albino. Give the genotypes for each person listed. Prove your answer.
#
Relationship
Genotype(s)
1
Paternal Grandfather
2
Paternal Grandmother
3
Maternal Grandfather
4
Maternal Grandmother
5
Father
6
Mother
7
Child 1
8
Child 2
9
Child 3
3
4
1
2
5
6
7
9
8
a) Show the cross of the paternal grandparents.
(HINT: What must their genotypes be to produce and albino child?)
b) What are the possible genotypes of the maternal grandmother?
c)
Show the cross of the mother and father.
3. In horses, black coat color is influenced by the dominant allele (B), and chestnut coat color by the recessive allele (b).
a) What color horse would you use to find out the genotype of a black trotter?
6
5
b) Give the genotype and phenotype. Show your work and discuss the reason you would know the genotype of the black horse.
Possible Allele Pairings with Homozygous Dominant Trotter
F1 offspring probabilities:
Possible Allele Pairings with Heterozygous Trotter
F1 offspring probabilities:
Reasoning:
4
5
4. In Drosophila, the fruit fly, white eyes are determined by a recessive X-linked gene, and the wild-type or normal brick-red eyes are due to its dominant allele. Use symbols of the f.
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The pathway(s) to seeding the massive black holes (MBHs) that exist at the heart of galaxies in the present and distant Universe remains an unsolved problem. Here we categorise, describe and quantitatively discuss the formation pathways of both light and heavy seeds. We emphasise that the most recent computational models suggest that rather than a bimodal-like mass spectrum between light and heavy seeds with light at one end and heavy at the other that instead a continuum exists. Light seeds being more ubiquitous and the heavier seeds becoming less and less abundant due the rarer environmental conditions required for their formation. We therefore examine the different mechanisms that give rise to different seed mass spectrums. We show how and why the mechanisms that produce the heaviest seeds are also among the rarest events in the Universe and are hence extremely unlikely to be the seeds for the vast majority of the MBH population. We quantify, within the limits of the current large uncertainties in the seeding processes, the expected number densities of the seed mass spectrum. We argue that light seeds must be at least 103 to 105 times more numerous than heavy seeds to explain the MBH population as a whole. Based on our current understanding of the seed population this makes heavy seeds (Mseed > 103 M⊙) a significantly more likely pathway given that heavy seeds have an abundance pattern than is close to and likely in excess of 10−4 compared to light seeds. Finally, we examine the current state-of-the-art in numerical calculations and recent observations and plot a path forward for near-future advances in both domains.
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Directdamage
Indirectly
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100speciesofinsectpestsofstoredproductscauseeconomiclosses
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Ozturkcan, S., Berndt, A., & Angelakis, A. (2024). Mending clothing to support sustainable fashion. Presented at the 31st Annual Conference by the Consortium for International Marketing Research (CIMaR), 10-13 Jun 2024, University of Gävle, Sweden.
Male reproduction physiology by Suyash Garg .pptx
Physiology of Male reproduction.
Video mentioned at page no. 23 as summary for better understanding
BIRDS DIVERSITY OF SOOTEA BISWANATH ASSAM.ppt.pptx
Ahota Beel, nestled in Sootea Biswanath Assam , is celebrated for its extraordinary diversity of bird species. This wetland sanctuary supports a myriad of avian residents and migrants alike. Visitors can admire the elegant flights of migratory species such as the Northern Pintail and Eurasian Wigeon, alongside resident birds including the Asian Openbill and Pheasant-tailed Jacana. With its tranquil scenery and varied habitats, Ahota Beel offers a perfect haven for birdwatchers to appreciate and study the vibrant birdlife that thrives in this natural refuge.
Summary Of transcription and Translation.pdf
Hello Everyone Here We are Sharing You with The process of protien Synthesis in very short points you will be Able to understand It Very well
More Related Content
Similar to Heredity Stations Review
1. An exergonic reaction ____________ . a. has the same amount of .pdf
1. An exergonic reaction ____________ .
a. has the same amount of energy in the reactants and the product
b. has reactants that contain more energy than the product
c. requires the input of energy
d. releases energy
2. Which of these is an example of a phenotype?
a. Bb
b. heterozygote
c. brown hair
d. answers a and c are both correct
3. Polar bodies are ____________ .
a. cells found in the arctic
b. formed during meiosis when sperm are made
c. formed during meiosis when eggs are made
d. an inactive X chromosome
4. True or false: living things are the only things that possess metabolism.
a. True b. False
5. Sister chromatids are produced (not when you can see them) during _____ .
a. Telophase
b. Anaphase
c. Interphase
d. Prophase
6. Trisomy 21 or \"Down\'s Syndrome\" is an example of nondisjunction. This means ___ .
a. chromosomes failed to separate during meiosis
b. chromosomes failed to separate during mitosis
c. two genes overlapped at more than one junction
d. two genes failed to overlap at more than one junction
7.____is an example of Homeostasis.
a. a bird\'s ability to fly (remain in the air against gravity)
b. a mammal\'s ability to regulate glucose levels in the blood
c. a fish\'s ability to stay in one place in water without moving it\'s fins
d. a bee\'s ability to return to it\'s hive after a long flight
8. In a monohybrid cross (with 2 heterozygous parents), we always get a _____ratio of
phenotypes.
a. 3:1 b. 9:3:3:1 c. 1:1 d. 1:2:1
9. Which characteristic is not a characteristic of the kingdom Fungi
a. nonmotile
b. photosynthetic
C. multicellular
d. eukaryotic
10. During diffusion ions will ___________without adding energy.
a. move in both directions
b. move from high concentration
c. move from high concentration to low concentration
d. not move
11. \"P\" in ATP represents the element _______.
a. phosphorus b. sodium c. calcium d. potassium
12. In mitosis during anaphase _____.
a. chromosomes line up at the (equator)
b. DNA unwinds into chromatin and a nuclear membrane forms.
c. sister chromatids separate and migrate to opposite poles
d. DNA winds up into chromosomes and becomes visible under a microscope
13. In humans the first 22 pairs of chromosomes are called ___chromosomes.
a. sex b. lethal c. short d. autosomal
14. These three things are required for photosynthesis to occur
a. sugar, light, carbon dioxide
b. sugar, light, water
c. light, oxygen, carbon dioxide
d. light, carbon dioxide, water
15. Which is true of a \"theory\" in science?
a. it is a best guess
b. It is a statement of facts observed
c. It is a fact that science has been unable to disprove
d. All of the above are correct
16. The process of producing a protein from mRNA is __________.
a. mitosis b. transition c. translation d. transcription
Solution
Answer 1
An exergonic reaction: (d) releases energy
exergonic reaction releases energy, it is exothermic , the reactants lose energy to form the
product, the reaction is spontaneous.\'
2) Which of these is an example .
Blaine Kitchenware – Case AssignmentMBA – Corporate Finance.docx
Blaine Kitchenware – Case Assignment
MBA – Corporate Finance
You have been hired as a consultant to Victor Dubinski, the CEO of Blaine Kitchenware. You are charged with putting together a written report with supporting numerical analysis that addresses the following items:
1. Is the current capital structure and payout policy for Blaine optimal? Explain and justify your conclusion. Use numbers whenever possible.
2. Should Blaine recommend a large share repurchase to the Board of Directors? What are the advantages and disadvantages of this action? Again, explain and justify your conclusions. Use numbers whenever possible.
3. Consider two specific share repurchase proposals:
a. First Proposal
i. Blaine will issue $50 million in new debt at an interest rate of 6.75%
ii. Blaine will use $209 million of cash from its balance sheet
iii. Blaine will use these two sources of cash to repurchase 14 million shares at $18.50/share.
b. Second Proposal
i. Blaine will issue $95 million in new debt at an interest of 6.875%
ii. Blaine will use $209 million of cash from its balance sheet
iii. Blaine will use the two sources of cash to repurchase 16 million shares at $19.00/share.
c. Third Proposal
i. Blaine will issue $156 million in new debt at 7.125%
ii. Blaine will use $209 million of cash from its balance sheet
iii. Blaine will use the two sources of cash to repurchase 18.5 million shares.
d. How does a share repurchase affect Blaine? Consider the impact on items including (but not limited to) Blaine’s EPS, ROE, interest coverage, debt ratio, debt rating, the family’s ownership interest (proportion of shares outstanding) and the company’s cost of capital (WACC).
e. What is your recommendation for the good of the company based on your analysis of the share repurchase options? Should they stay with the status quo, or go with one of the recapitalization options?
BSC1005 Biology General
Chapter 10
Patterns of Inheritance
1
Chapter 10: Patterns of Inheritance, Mendel Laws
Multiple-Choice Questions
2) Which of the following statements best represents the theory of pangenesis developed by Hippocrates?
A) Pregnancy is a spontaneous event, and the characteristics of the offspring are determined by the gods.
B) Particles called pangenes, which originate in each part of an organism's body, collect in the sperm or eggs and are
passed on to the next generation.
C) Offspring inherit the traits of either the mother or the father, but not both.
D) Fertilization of plants is dependent on an animal.
E) Heritable traits are influenced by the environment and the behaviors of the parents.
3) Which of the following statements regarding hypotheses about inheritance is false?
A) The theory of pangenesis incorrectly suggests that reproductive cells receive particles from somatic cells.
B) Contrary to the theory of pangenesis, somatic cells do not influence eggs or sperm.
C) The blending hypothesis does not explain how trait ...
Dragon Genetics Hands on LabIntroductionThere are many patterns o.docx
Dragon Genetics Hands on LabIntroduction:
There are many patterns of inheritance. This lab will explore Mendelian traits where alleles are dominant or recessive. You will also have to understand genes that express incomplete dominance, codominance and are sex-linked. We will utilize this lab to explore those terms and to use our knowledge of gene combinations to create an organism.
Utilize this link to learn more about Mendelian traits, incomplete dominance and codominance.(Opens in new window) This link helps you to learn more about sex-linked genes. (Opens in new window)Part 1 Procedure: Checking for Understanding (Worth up to 15pts)
A. For each genotype, tell me if it’s homozygous or heterozygous. If it is homozygous also tell me if it is dominant or recessive.
1. BB
2. jj
3. Pp
4. RR
5. ff
B. Dimples (D) is dominant to (d) no dimples. Brown Eyes (B) are dominant to (b) blue eyes. For each genotype indicate the phenotype.
1. Dd
2. DD
3. dd
4. BB
5. bb
6. Bb
C. For each phenotype list the genotype(s). Trait: Red flower (R); White flower (r)
1. Red flower (homozygous)
2. Red flower (heterozygous)
3. White flowerPart 2: Creating the Parents (Worth up to 48 pts)
1. Flip a coin to determine the genotype for each trait and record it in the data table.
a. Heads= allele 1, Tails = allele 2 ( Example: if you flipped heads twice, your dragon will have two copies of allele 1 for her genotype)
2. Determine the phenotype resulting from the allele pair for each trait.
3. Repeat steps 1-2 for each trait and complete the Mama Dragon’s Table 1.
a. Pay attention to the notes under the trait; it means it does not fully follow Mendelian rules.
Example:
For the trait Eye Size. I flipped my coin 2 times. Flip 1= heads (E); Flip 2= heads (E). So I would put EE in the Genotype box and Two Small Eyes in the Phenotype box for that trait.
Table 1: Genotypes and Phenotypes for Mama Dragon
Trait
Allele 1
Allele 2
Genotype
Phenotype
Eye Size & Number
Two Small (E)
One large (e)
Eye Color
(incomplete Dom)
Red (R)
White (r)
Tail Shape
Curly (T)
Straight (t)
Tail Color
Purple (P)
Orange (p)
Teeth
Sharp (S)
Round (s)
Feet
Four toes (F)
Two toes (f)
Horn Color
(Codominant)
Purple (P)
White (W)
Ear Shape
Pointy (Y)
Round (y)
Claws
Long (L)
Short (l)
Skin Color
(Codominant)
Blue (B)
Yellow (Y)
Mane Texture
(incomplete Dom)
Curly (M)
Straight (m)
Dragon Hemophilia
(Sex- Linked)
Hemophilia (XH)
Normal Clotting (Xh)
Table 2: Genotype and Phenotypes for Daddy Dragon
Trait
Allele 1
Allele 2
Genotype
Phenotype
Eye Size & Number
Two Small (E)
One large (e)
Eye Color
(incomplete Dom)
Red (R)
White (r)
Tail Shape
Curly (T)
Straight (t)
Tail Color
Purple (P)
Orange (p)
Teeth
Sharp (S)
Round (s)
Feet
Four toes (F)
Two toes (f)
Horn Color
(Codominant)
Purple (P)
White (W)
Ear Shape
Pointy (Y)
Round (y)
Claws
Long (L)
Short (l)
Skin Color
(Codominant)
Blue (B)
Yellow (Y)
Mane Texture
(incomplete Dom)
Curly (M)
Straigh ...
Chapte 8 practicetestans
This document contains a practice test on mitosis and meiosis. It includes 22 multiple choice questions on mitosis and meiosis concepts such as the stages of cell division, changes in chromosome number, formation of gametes, and karyotypes. It also includes two sample karyotypes with 12 additional true/false questions about the karyotypes.
Gr.9-Reg.Science-Weekly-Prototype-LP-Wk-3-OK.docx
This document outlines a weekly prototype plan for a Science 9 class that covers non-Mendelian patterns of inheritance over 5 days. Each day focuses on a different topic: incomplete dominance on Monday, co-dominance on Tuesday, multiple alleles on Wednesday, solving related problems on Thursday, and reviewing the concepts on Friday. A variety of learning activities are provided, including defining terms, illustrating crosses with Punnett squares, solving genetics problems, and taking a test on Friday. The plan aims to explain different patterns of non-Mendelian inheritance and develop students' knowledge, skills, and honesty through these activities.
Gamified Intro to Genetics
This document contains genetics problems involving monohybrid and dihybrid crosses. It begins with background on genes, alleles, phenotypes, and Mendel's laws of inheritance. It then presents 5 genetics problems involving traits such as body color, head shape, nose length, blood type, and baldness. For each problem, it asks for the genotypes and phenotypes of offspring from a cross, as well as the phenotypic and genotypic ratios in subsequent generations. It concludes by asking for the importance of genetics and an explanation of one of Mendel's laws of inheritance.
What Is Inheritance
The document discusses inheritance and genetics. It defines key terms like genotype, phenotype, homozygous, heterozygous, and dominant and recessive alleles. It explains that chromosomes contain DNA and are passed from parents to offspring, determining characteristics. Offspring get one set of chromosomes from each parent through fertilization, forming a zygote with a full set from the species. Genes located on chromosomes control inherited traits and can be dominant or recessive.
7. Genetics And Inheritance
The document discusses genetic inheritance, including dominant and recessive alleles, genotypes and phenotypes, homozygous and heterozygous organisms, monohybrid crosses through generations F1 and F2, codominance and polygenic inheritance. It provides examples of inheritance patterns and uses Punnett squares to determine expected ratios of offspring genotypes and phenotypes from genetic crosses.
Biology paper 1&2 exam genetic 11 nal dic 11
This document contains instructions and questions for a biology exam consisting of two papers. Paper I contains 20 multiple choice questions testing core genetics concepts such as Mendelian inheritance, meiosis, mitosis, non-disjunction, and Down syndrome. Paper II contains longer, open-response questions involving applying genetics concepts like setting up punnett squares and interpreting pedigrees related to conditions like hemophilia. The exam is scheduled for Friday, December 9th, 2011 and students are instructed to show all work, use pen only, and write clearly.
7.genetics and inheritance
The document discusses genetics concepts like alleles, dominant and recessive traits, genotype and phenotype. It uses examples like pea plant height and mouse fur color to demonstrate inheritance patterns. Mendel's experiments with pea plants are cited to explain monohybrid crosses and how they were used to determine dominance relationships between alleles and predict offspring traits and genotypes.
Chapter 9
The document contains 20 multiple choice questions about basic genetics concepts such as Mendel's laws of inheritance, alleles, dominance, genotypes, phenotypes, monohybrid and dihybrid crosses. The questions cover topics like inheritance of traits in dogs, traits studied by Mendel in peas, parts of flowers, gamete formation, and Punnett squares.
Genetics
Gregor Mendel discovered the fundamental principles of genetics through breeding pea plants. He found that traits are determined by alleles, or alternative forms of genes. Dominant alleles will mask recessive alleles in heterozygous individuals. Mendel used Punnett squares and conducted monohybrid and dihybrid crosses to study inheritance patterns, discovering the principles of segregation and independent assortment. The Hardy-Weinberg principle states that allele frequencies in a population will remain constant over time if certain conditions are met.
Heredity
This document discusses heredity and genetics concepts including:
1) Genes are located on chromosomes and are passed from parents to offspring. Genes come in pairs and determine characteristics.
2) Dominant genes will be expressed even if only one allele is present, while recessive genes require two copies to be expressed.
3) Crossing heterozygous parents (with one dominant and one recessive allele) results in a 3:1 ratio of offspring displaying the dominant versus recessive trait.
4) Sex is determined by X and Y chromosomes, with females having two X chromosomes and males having one X and one Y.
Quizz genetics
1) The hereditary units in cells are called genes.
2) A typical human body cell contains 46 chromosomes.
3) Eggs and sperm contain 23 chromosomes each.
The document is a 15 question quiz about basic genetics concepts. It covers topics like chromosome number, sex chromosomes, genotypes, dominant and recessive traits, and predicting offspring based on parental genotypes.
Gregor Mendel used pea plants to study heredity in a series of exper.docx
Gregor Mendel used pea plants to study heredity in a series of experiments. Mendel worked by carefully observing and recording traits in successive generations of plants. Knowledge about DNA and chromosomes came later.
This lab will apply genetic laws to human inheritance using Punnett squares.
Recall that DNA is wound tightly into chromosomes. Cells with only one set of chromosomes, such as sex cells, are
haploid
. When two haploid cells fuse during fertilization, a diploid zygote with two full sets of chromosomes is formed. Most cells of a mature individual are diploid.
Homologous chromosomes
have the same genes, but they might have different versions (
alleles
) of those genes.
Diploid
cells have two alleles for each gene. These alleles might be identical (gene A) or different (gene B). Each gene’s
locus
is its location on a chromosome.
Human traits come through dominant or recessive inheritance. For example, the cystic fibrosis traits carried by a dominant allele are always expressed, even if the recessive gene is present (FF or Ff). The recessive is only expressed when two copies of the recessive allele are present (ff).
Mother: Healthy carrier
F
f
Father: Healthy carrier
F
FF
Healthy non-carrier
Ff
Healthy carrier
f
Ff
Healthy carrier
FF
Affected
Human gender is carried on the X and Y chromosomes. Females are XX and males are XY. Heredity traits such as color blindness, which is the inability to distinguish among some colors, are carried on the X chromosome (X
c
). The presence of one normal X
C
will allow normal vision.
In this next set of exercises, you will determine the genotypes of the parents by considering the inheritance patterns of traits in their children. The following is a table of the phenotypes of the family members:
Phenotype
Alleles
Parents
Mother
Not color blind
Freckles
Type B blood
X
c
X
C
Ff
I
B
i
Father
Color blind
No freckles
Type A blood
X
c
Y
Ff
I
A
i
Children
Abby
Color blind
Freckles
X
c
X
c
Ff or ff
Brady
Not color blind
No freckles
X
C
Y
ff
Carly
Not color blind
No freckles
X
c
X
C
ff
Dennis
Color blind
Freckles
X
c
Y
Ff or ff
Exercise 1: Color Blindness
Using the alleles XC (not color blind) and Xc (color blind), distribute the gametes from each parent to the outside of the Punnett square. Drag and drop the child with the correct phenotype to the box within the Punnett square that has the corresponding genotype that would occur from the fusion of egg and sperm as indicated by your placement of the gametes.
Exercise 2: Freckles
Freckles are groups of cells on the skin that produce the pigment melanin, often in response to exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light. The gene for freckles is inherited in a dominant/recessive pattern. A person carrying even a single copy of the dominant allele (F) will have freckles. A person who is homozygous recessive (ff) will have no freckles.
Using the alleles F (freckles) and f (no freckles), distribute the gametes from each parent to the outside of the Punne.
INET Lab Genetics Worksheet Report Template1© Access L.docx
INET Lab
Genetics Worksheet Report Template
1
© Access Learning Systems
Student:
Email:
Date:
For each correctly conducted genetics problem, you receive 5 points for a maximum 20 points. All Punnett squares must be shown.
1. There are 3 alleles controlling the ABO blood types. IA and IB are codominant genes so that the combination IAIB produces the AB blood type. The third allele, (i) is recessive to the other two alleles. Show your work for each cross.
Indicate which of these parents could produce the given child.
The first one is provided with answers as an example.
(HINT: Do not forget that a heterozygous versus a homozygous blood type may yield different results.)
a)
Parent
Child
A x AB
B
IA
IB
IA
IA IA
IA IB
IA
IA IA
IA IB
IA
IB
IA
IA IA
IA IB
i
IA i
IB i
Produce Child of Type?
No
Produce Child of Type?
Yes
b)
Parent
Child
A x O
A
Produce Child of Type?
Produce Child of Type?
c)
Parent
Child
A x B
O
Produce Child of Type?
Produce Child of Type?
Produce Child of Type?
Produce Child of Type?
d)
Parent
Child
A x AB
O
Produce Child of Type?
Produce Child of Type?
e)
Parent
Child
B x B
O
Produce Child of Type?
Produce Child of Type?
Produce Child of Type?
f)
Parent
Child
AB x AB
A
Produce Child of Type?
2. The allele for albinism (a) is recessive to the allele for normal pigmentation (A). A normally pigmented woman whose father is an albino marries an albino man whose parents are normal. They have three children, two normal and one albino. Give the genotypes for each person listed. Prove your answer.
#
Relationship
Genotype(s)
1
Paternal Grandfather
2
Paternal Grandmother
3
Maternal Grandfather
4
Maternal Grandmother
5
Father
6
Mother
7
Child 1
8
Child 2
9
Child 3
3
4
1
2
5
6
7
9
8
a) Show the cross of the paternal grandparents.
(HINT: What must their genotypes be to produce and albino child?)
b) What are the possible genotypes of the maternal grandmother?
c)
Show the cross of the mother and father.
3. In horses, black coat color is influenced by the dominant allele (B), and chestnut coat color by the recessive allele (b).
a) What color horse would you use to find out the genotype of a black trotter?
6
5
b) Give the genotype and phenotype. Show your work and discuss the reason you would know the genotype of the black horse.
Possible Allele Pairings with Homozygous Dominant Trotter
F1 offspring probabilities:
Possible Allele Pairings with Heterozygous Trotter
F1 offspring probabilities:
Reasoning:
4
5
4. In Drosophila, the fruit fly, white eyes are determined by a recessive X-linked gene, and the wild-type or normal brick-red eyes are due to its dominant allele. Use symbols of the f.
Similar to Heredity Stations Review (16)
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Blaine Kitchenware – Case AssignmentMBA – Corporate Finance.docx
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Dragon Genetics Hands on LabIntroductionThere are many patterns o.docx
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INET Lab Genetics Worksheet Report Template1© Access L.docx
INET Lab Genetics Worksheet Report Template1© Access L.docx
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JAMES WEBB STUDY THE MASSIVE BLACK HOLE SEEDS
The pathway(s) to seeding the massive black holes (MBHs) that exist at the heart of galaxies in the present and distant Universe remains an unsolved problem. Here we categorise, describe and quantitatively discuss the formation pathways of both light and heavy seeds. We emphasise that the most recent computational models suggest that rather than a bimodal-like mass spectrum between light and heavy seeds with light at one end and heavy at the other that instead a continuum exists. Light seeds being more ubiquitous and the heavier seeds becoming less and less abundant due the rarer environmental conditions required for their formation. We therefore examine the different mechanisms that give rise to different seed mass spectrums. We show how and why the mechanisms that produce the heaviest seeds are also among the rarest events in the Universe and are hence extremely unlikely to be the seeds for the vast majority of the MBH population. We quantify, within the limits of the current large uncertainties in the seeding processes, the expected number densities of the seed mass spectrum. We argue that light seeds must be at least 103 to 105 times more numerous than heavy seeds to explain the MBH population as a whole. Based on our current understanding of the seed population this makes heavy seeds (Mseed > 103 M⊙) a significantly more likely pathway given that heavy seeds have an abundance pattern than is close to and likely in excess of 10−4 compared to light seeds. Finally, we examine the current state-of-the-art in numerical calculations and recent observations and plot a path forward for near-future advances in both domains.
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InIndia-post-harvestlosses-unscientificstorage,insects,rodents,micro-organismsetc.,accountforabout10percentoftotalfoodgrains
Graininfestation
Directdamage
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Ahota Beel, nestled in Sootea Biswanath Assam , is celebrated for its extraordinary diversity of bird species. This wetland sanctuary supports a myriad of avian residents and migrants alike. Visitors can admire the elegant flights of migratory species such as the Northern Pintail and Eurasian Wigeon, alongside resident birds including the Asian Openbill and Pheasant-tailed Jacana. With its tranquil scenery and varied habitats, Ahota Beel offers a perfect haven for birdwatchers to appreciate and study the vibrant birdlife that thrives in this natural refuge.
Summary Of transcription and Translation.pdf
Hello Everyone Here We are Sharing You with The process of protien Synthesis in very short points you will be Able to understand It Very well
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...ABHISHEK SONI NIMT INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL AND PARAMEDCIAL SCIENCES , GOVT PG COLLEGE NOIDA
Microbial interaction
Microorganisms interacts with each other and can be physically associated with another organisms in a variety of ways.
One organism can be located on the surface of another organism as an ectobiont or located within another organism as endobiont.
Microbial interaction may be positive such as mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism or may be negative such as parasitism, predation or competition
Types of microbial interaction
Positive interaction: mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism
Negative interaction: Ammensalism (antagonism), parasitism, predation, competition
I. Mutualism:
It is defined as the relationship in which each organism in interaction gets benefits from association. It is an obligatory relationship in which mutualist and host are metabolically dependent on each other.
Mutualistic relationship is very specific where one member of association cannot be replaced by another species.
Mutualism require close physical contact between interacting organisms.
Relationship of mutualism allows organisms to exist in habitat that could not occupied by either species alone.
Mutualistic relationship between organisms allows them to act as a single organism.
Examples of mutualism:
i. Lichens:
Lichens are excellent example of mutualism.
They are the association of specific fungi and certain genus of algae. In lichen, fungal partner is called mycobiont and algal partner is called
II. Syntrophism:
It is an association in which the growth of one organism either depends on or improved by the substrate provided by another organism.
In syntrophism both organism in association gets benefits.
Compound A
Utilized by population 1
Compound B
Utilized by population 2
Compound C
utilized by both Population 1+2
Products
In this theoretical example of syntrophism, population 1 is able to utilize and metabolize compound A, forming compound B but cannot metabolize beyond compound B without co-operation of population 2. Population 2is unable to utilize compound A but it can metabolize compound B forming compound C. Then both population 1 and 2 are able to carry out metabolic reaction which leads to formation of end product that neither population could produce alone.
Examples of syntrophism:
i. Methanogenic ecosystem in sludge digester
Methane produced by methanogenic bacteria depends upon interspecies hydrogen transfer by other fermentative bacteria.
Anaerobic fermentative bacteria generate CO2 and H2 utilizing carbohydrates which is then utilized by methanogenic bacteria (Methanobacter) to produce methane.
ii. Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis:
In the minimal media, Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis are able to grow together but not alone.
The synergistic relationship between E. faecalis and L. arobinosus occurs in which E. faecalis require folic acid
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Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart Agriculture
Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart AgricultureInternational Food Policy Research Institute- South Asia Office
PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
HUMAN EYE By-R.M Class 10 phy best digital notes.pdf
Class 10 human eye notes physics
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Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...
Wereport the study of a huge optical intraday flare on 2021 November 12 at 2 a.m. UT in the blazar OJ287. In the binary black hole model, it is associated with an impact of the secondary black hole on the accretion disk of the primary. Our multifrequency observing campaign was set up to search for such a signature of the impact based on a prediction made 8 yr earlier. The first I-band results of the flare have already been reported by Kishore et al. (2024). Here we combine these data with our monitoring in the R-band. There is a big change in the R–I spectral index by 1.0 ±0.1 between the normal background and the flare, suggesting a new component of radiation. The polarization variation during the rise of the flare suggests the same. The limits on the source size place it most reasonably in the jet of the secondary BH. We then ask why we have not seen this phenomenon before. We show that OJ287 was never before observed with sufficient sensitivity on the night when the flare should have happened according to the binary model. We also study the probability that this flare is just an oversized example of intraday variability using the Krakow data set of intense monitoring between 2015 and 2023. We find that the occurrence of a flare of this size and rapidity is unlikely. In machine-readable Tables 1 and 2, we give the full orbit-linked historical light curve of OJ287 as well as the dense monitoring sample of Krakow.
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
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Heredity Stations Review
- 1. Station 1 B = Brown eyes b = blue eyes B B B b a. How many of the offspring will have brown eyes according to this Punnet square? b. How many of the offspring will be homozygous dominant? c. How many of the offspring will be heterozygous?
- 2. Station 2 Jeff always hears comments that he looks a lot like his uncle. How do you think that is possible? Include genes, inherited traits, and chromosomes in your answer.
- 3. Station 3 Alleles are different versions of the same trait. For example, brown hair is one version and blonde hair is a different version. If the dominant trait is brown and blonde hair is recessive, which is more likely to be expressed?
- 4. Station 4 Which type of cells are produced thought mitosis?
- 5. Station 5 Which type of cells are produced through meiosis?
- 6. Stations 6 D = Dimples d = no dimples Make a cross between a heterozygous parent and a homozygous recessive parent a. How many offspring are going to be heterozygous? b. How many offspring are going to have dimples?
- 7. Station 7 Is it heterozygous, homozygous dominant or homozygous recessive? 1. BB 2. Tt 3. EE 4. Aa
- 8. Station 8 What does haploid mean?
- 9. Station 9 What does diploid mean?
- 10. Station 10 What is the organelle that turns sunlight into energy? It is only found it plant cells
- 11. Station 11 What is the function of cytoplasm?
- 12. Station 12 What is the organelle that turns food into energy?
- 13. Station 13
- 14. Station 14 ____________ are small parts of the DNA that determine a specific trait