Hepatitis C
Hepatitis C is a liver disease caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV): the virus can cause both acute and chronic hepatitis, ranging in severity from a mild illness lasting a few weeks to a serious, lifelong illness.
HCV- Hepatitis and Hepatitis C InfectionBishwashPdl
Hepatitis C Virus and Infection. History, Source and Mode of Infection, Types of infection, Factors promoting severity, Laboratory Diagnosis of Hepatitis C, ELISA, References.
At the end of the session, the students shall be able to
Describe the HIV AIDS introduction, epidemiology of HIV AIDS, diagnosis of HIV AIDS, treatment of HIV AIDS and prevention control of HIV AIDS.
HCV- Hepatitis and Hepatitis C InfectionBishwashPdl
Hepatitis C Virus and Infection. History, Source and Mode of Infection, Types of infection, Factors promoting severity, Laboratory Diagnosis of Hepatitis C, ELISA, References.
At the end of the session, the students shall be able to
Describe the HIV AIDS introduction, epidemiology of HIV AIDS, diagnosis of HIV AIDS, treatment of HIV AIDS and prevention control of HIV AIDS.
Viral hepatitis is the leading cause of liver cancer and the most common reason for liver transplantation
In the United States, an estimated 1.2 million Americans are living with chronic Hepatitis B and 3.2 are living with chronic Hepatitis C
Many do not know they are infected
Each year an estimated 21,000 persons become infected with Hepatitis A; 35,000 with Hepatitis B, and 17,000 with Hepatitis C
Hepatitis A – fecal/oral, contaminated food, vaccine available
Hepatitis B – blood, semen, vertical (mother-child), vaccine available
Hepatitis C – blood (IV drug use, transfusion, organ donation, unsterile injecting equipment, sexual intercourse)
Hepatitis D – survives only in cells co-infected with hepatitis B
Hepatitis E* – contaminated food or water, fecal/oral
*causes short-term disease and is not a chronic carrier state
Viral hepatitis is the leading cause of liver cancer and the most common reason for liver transplantation
In the United States, an estimated 1.2 million Americans are living with chronic Hepatitis B and 3.2 are living with chronic Hepatitis C
Many do not know they are infected
Each year an estimated 21,000 persons become infected with Hepatitis A; 35,000 with Hepatitis B, and 17,000 with Hepatitis C
Hepatitis A – fecal/oral, contaminated food, vaccine available
Hepatitis B – blood, semen, vertical (mother-child), vaccine available
Hepatitis C – blood (IV drug use, transfusion, organ donation, unsterile injecting equipment, sexual intercourse)
Hepatitis D – survives only in cells co-infected with hepatitis B
Hepatitis E* – contaminated food or water, fecal/oral
*causes short-term disease and is not a chronic carrier state
Hepatitis B is a viral infection affecting the liver. The disease goes through different phases, which can be diagnosed by serology. Diagnostic testing comprises the three most important parameters: HBs antigen, anti-HBs antibody, and anti-HBc antibody. These three parameters can be used to identify active infection, previous infection, and status after vaccination. In addition, anti-HBc IgM antibody can be used to confirm acute infection. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a small DNA virus which is capable of integrating into the host genome and causes various liver diseases most notably liver cirrhosis and liver cancer.
-Introduction to Hepatitis
– Viral Hepatitis Transmission
– Symptoms & acute vs. chronic
5:35 - Laboratory Tests and Councilman Bodies
– Hep B Serology (HBsAg & Anti-HBs)
– Treatment of Viral Hepatitis
- Vaccines
The rate of deaths due to liver cancer is increasing faster than any other type of cancer. Hepatitis B and C are major contributing factors to liver cancer. At this seminar, learn the critical importance of hepatitis prevention and treatment.
Current managent of hepatitis B - Session 1NimzingLadep
This is the first of 3 sessions in the module covering a comprehensive overview of the management of hepatitis B virus infection. It discusses the introduction, presentation, symptoms and signs, as well as management of acute hepatitis B.
1
Final Course Project Outline
Final Course Project Outline: The Role of Pharmaceutical Industry in
the Era of Climate Change
Ruinan Yang
King Graduate School, Monroe College
MG630: Organizational Behavior and Leadership in the 21st Century
Dr. Judith Riggs
November 20, 2021
2
Final Course Project Outline
I. Introduction
a. Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG)
b. Climate change and sustainable development
II. Case Study on Pharmaceutical Companies with Notable ESG
Scores
a. What is ESG score?
b. Case study: Boehringer Ingelheim, a German pharmaceutical company
III. Critical Analysis of The Role of Pharmaceutical Industry on Climate Change
IV. Conclusion: My Role as a Leader
V. Reference
HIV AND AIDS
TITLE
Prepared by:
Teacher :
OUTLINE:
Introduction
Pathogenesis
Risk factors
Clinical Manifestation
Diagnosis
History taking
Physical examination
Laboratory studies
VI. Infection control Policies
VII. Nursing Diagnosis And Intervention
VIII. Summary
OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this lecture, students will be able to:
1. Know and understand what is HIV AND AIDS.
2. Understand the process how disease develop.
3. Practice how to deal and take care a patient according to infection control sets of guidelines.
4. Identify Nursing diagnosis and make interventions that help promote patient care and comfort.
INTRODUCTION
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) targets the immune system and weakens people's defense against many infections and some types of cancer that people with healthy immune systems can fight off. As the virus destroys and impairs the function of immune cells, infected individuals gradually become immunodeficient. Immune function is typically measured by CD4 cell count.
The most advanced stage of HIV infection is acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which can take many years to develop if not treated, depending on the individual. AIDS is defined by the development of certain cancers, infections or other severe long-term clinical manifestations.
Since HIV was first identified almost 30 years ago, remarkable progress has been made in improving the quality and duration of life for people living with HIV disease.
HIV or human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is a chronic condition that requires daily medication.
HIV- 1 is a retrovirus isolated and recognized as the etiologic agent of AIDS.
HIV-2 is a retrovirus identified in 1986 in AIDS patients in West
HIV
AIDS
is defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as any person with HIV infection and a CD4 lymphocyte count below 200 cells/mcL (or a CD4 count below 14%) or having an AIDS-indicator condition
The primary route of transmission of the HIV virus is by entering the mucosal surface (predominantly sexual contact).
Following mucosal entry, the virus binds to peripheral circulating T cells and macrophages (e.g., dendritic cells) that express the CD4 and CCR5 receptors.
As the dis ...
all information about
it include :-
1- DEFINITION
2- SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
3- MECHANISM
4- RISK FACTOR
5- COMPLICATIONS
6- PRECAUTION
7- PREVENTION
8- EPIDEMIOLOGY
9- TREATMENT
and finally video about the mechanism of action
if you van not open it
hit this link
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZuUfGeoN_cw
i hope it meet what you want
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Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
Dr Karin Tegmark Wisell, Director General, Public Health Agency of Sweden
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According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
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There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
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Hepatitis C
1. HEPATITIS C SONAWANE BHUSHAN ASHOK
PRN 19040144011
MASTER OF PUBLIC HEALTH (SIHS)
2. INTRODUCTION
Liver disease caused by Hepatitis C virus (HCV)
Identified in 1989
Single stranded RNA virus, belonging to flavivirus group, genus Hepacivirus.
Causes both acute and chronic infection.
Incubation period- 2 weeks to 6 months.
3. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
Found worldwide.
The most affected regions are the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region and
the WHO European Region, with an estimated prevalence in 2015 of 2.3%
and 1.5% respectively.
Prevalence of HCV infection in other WHO regions varies from 0.5% to 1.0%.
Depending on the country, hepatitis C virus infection can be concentrated
in certain populations. For example, 23% of new HCV infections and 33% of
HCV mortality is attributable to injecting drug use.
5. TRANSMISSION
HCV is a blood borne virus, most commonly transmitted through-
Receipt of contaminated blood transfusions.
Injections given with contaminated syringes
& needle stick injuries
Less commonly through transplacental and
sexual route.
Being born to a Hepatitis C infected mother.
Not spread through breast milk, food, water or
by casual contact.
7. SCREENING AND DIAGNOSIS
Serological tests for anti HCV
antibodies
Nucleic acid test for HCV-RNA to
confirm chronic HCV infection
Liver biopsy to asses the degree of liver
damage
8. HIGH RISK FOR HCV INFECTION
Injectable drug users.
Recipients of infected blood.
Health care workers.
People living with HIV.
People with abnormal liver tests or liver
disease.
Infants born to infected mothers.
9. TREATMENT
A new infection with HCV does not always require treatment, as the
immune response will clear the infection. However, when HCV infection
becomes chronic, treatment is necessary.
WHO’s updated 2018 guidelines recommend therapy with pan-genotypic
direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). DAAs can cure most persons with HCV
infection, and treatment duration is short (usually 12 to 24 weeks),
depending on the absence or presence of cirrhosis.
WHO recommends treating all persons with chronic HCV infection over the
age of 12.
10. TREATMENT (Contd…)
In adolescents aged 12-17 years or weighing at least 36 kg with
chronic HCV infection, WHO recommends:
1. sofosbuvir/ledipasvir for 12 weeks in genotypes 1, 4, 5 and 6
2. sofosbuvir/ribavirin for 12 weeks in genotype 2
3. sofosbuvir/ribavirin for 24 weeks in genotype 3.
In children aged less than 12 years with chronic HCV infection, WHO
recommends:
1. deferring treatment until 12 years of age
2. treatment with interferon-based regimens should no longer be
used.
11. PREVENTION AND CONTROL
PRIMARY PREVENTION
1. Hand hygiene: Including surgical hand preparation , hand washing and use of
gloves.
2. Safe and appropriate use of health care injections
3. Safe handling and disposal of sharps and waste.
4. Testing of donated blood for Hepatitis B & C.
5. Training of health personnel.
6. Promotion and use of condoms.
12. SECONDARY AND TERTIARY PREVENTION
WHO Recommendations
1. Education and counselling on options for care and treatment.
2. Immunization with the Hepatitis A & B vaccines to prevent coinfection from
these Hepatitis viruses to protect their Liver.
3. Early and appropriate medical management including antiviral therapy if
appropriate.
4. Regular Monitoring for early diagnosis of chronic lever disease.
13.
14. REFERENCES
Parks textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine (Chapter 5: Epidemiology
of Communicable Diseases-Hepatitis C)
Community Medicine with recent advances. Author: A H Surryakantha
(Section 5: Epidemiology Chapter 20: Epidemiology of Communicable
Diseases-Hepatitis C)
World Health Organization https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-
sheets/detail/hepatitis-c
World Health Organization Infographics https://www.who.int/news-
room/campaigns/world-hepatitis-day/2018
