More people have gained access to essential health services such as immunization, HIV antiretroviral care, family planning, and malaria-prevention bed nets in the last decade. This is promising news, but development has been uneven: there are significant differences in service availability not only between countries, but also within them. Half the world's population can't afford the care it needs to stay safe on any given day.
Healthcare system being a priority in the world.Also, healthcare systems in low middle income countries should draw attention especially with the world witnessing global pandemic, COVID-19.
Health financing within the overall health systemHFG Project
Presented during Day One of the 2016 Nigeria Health Care Financing Training Workshop. Presented by Prof. Tanimola Akande and Dr. Francis Ukwuije. More: https://www.hfgproject.org/hcf-training-nigeria
Presented at “Financial Protection and Improved Access to Health Care: Peer-to-Peer Learning Workshop Finding Solutions to Common Challenges” in Accra, Ghana, February 2016. To learn more, visit: https://www.hfgproject.org/ghana-uhc-workshop
Seminar 9 health care delivery system in united states of americaDr. Ankit Mohapatra
Health care organization
Health financing in US
Payment mechanism
Health expenditure
Human and physical recourses
Public health
Patient pathway into health care
Provision of services
ACA
US vs India Healthcare
The Australian healthcare system provides a wide range of services, from population health and prevention through to general practice and community health; emergency health services and hospital care; and rehabilitation and palliative care.
Le droit à la santé est reconnu par la Constitution tunisienne dans son article 38 et par plusieurs instruments
juridiques internationaux ratifiés par la Tunisie. Malgré d’importants acquis en matière de santé réalisés depuis
l’indépendance, une partie importante de la population rencontre des difficultés d’accès à des soins de qualité
et ne jouit pas concrètement du droit à la santé. Confronté aux défis de la double transition démographique et
épidémiologique et soumis à la politique de désengagement de l’État, le système de santé tunisien a souffert d’une
mauvaise gouvernance qui a aggravé les inégalités sociales et régionales d’accès aux soins. Depuis la révolution de
décembre 2010-janvier 2011, la situation, non seulement ne s’est pas améliorée, mais s’est même dégradée.
Healthcare system being a priority in the world.Also, healthcare systems in low middle income countries should draw attention especially with the world witnessing global pandemic, COVID-19.
Health financing within the overall health systemHFG Project
Presented during Day One of the 2016 Nigeria Health Care Financing Training Workshop. Presented by Prof. Tanimola Akande and Dr. Francis Ukwuije. More: https://www.hfgproject.org/hcf-training-nigeria
Presented at “Financial Protection and Improved Access to Health Care: Peer-to-Peer Learning Workshop Finding Solutions to Common Challenges” in Accra, Ghana, February 2016. To learn more, visit: https://www.hfgproject.org/ghana-uhc-workshop
Seminar 9 health care delivery system in united states of americaDr. Ankit Mohapatra
Health care organization
Health financing in US
Payment mechanism
Health expenditure
Human and physical recourses
Public health
Patient pathway into health care
Provision of services
ACA
US vs India Healthcare
The Australian healthcare system provides a wide range of services, from population health and prevention through to general practice and community health; emergency health services and hospital care; and rehabilitation and palliative care.
Le droit à la santé est reconnu par la Constitution tunisienne dans son article 38 et par plusieurs instruments
juridiques internationaux ratifiés par la Tunisie. Malgré d’importants acquis en matière de santé réalisés depuis
l’indépendance, une partie importante de la population rencontre des difficultés d’accès à des soins de qualité
et ne jouit pas concrètement du droit à la santé. Confronté aux défis de la double transition démographique et
épidémiologique et soumis à la politique de désengagement de l’État, le système de santé tunisien a souffert d’une
mauvaise gouvernance qui a aggravé les inégalités sociales et régionales d’accès aux soins. Depuis la révolution de
décembre 2010-janvier 2011, la situation, non seulement ne s’est pas améliorée, mais s’est même dégradée.
Research done while in PwC Mexico. A short version was included as part of a PwC publication "Future of Pacific Alliance", that was presented at the presidental summit in Chile on July 2016.
Overview - Health Care IssuesHealth Care IssuesOpposing .docxgerardkortney
Overview - Health Care Issues
Health Care Issues
Opposing Viewpoints Online Collection, 2015
In recent years, the availability and affordability of health insurance in the United States has become
the subject of much debate. The United Nations’ Universal Declaration of Human Rights lists medical
care among the basic human rights to which all people are entitled. In 2011, however, about 17
percent of Americans had no health insurance at all. For many people who are insured, the cost of
coverage is a financial hardship. This situation has led some people to call for the government to
provide health insurance for all citizens. Others, however, are skeptical of government’s ability to
efficiently manage health insurance and oppose any plans that involve government. The issue is made
more urgent by rapidly rising health care costs that threaten to overwhelm the country’s current
system of health insurance, and the national economy in general. Health care reform has become one
of the most important issues in contemporary American politics.
The Basics of Health Care
In most developed countries, health care systems involve government control or sponsorship. For
instance, in Great Britain, Scandinavia, and the countries of the former Soviet Union, the government
controls almost all aspects of health care, including access and delivery. For the most part, health
services in these countries are free to everyone; the systems are financed primarily by taxes. Other
countries, such as Germany and France, guarantee health insurance for almost all their citizens, but
the government plays a smaller role in managing health care. Both systems are financed at least in
part by taxes on wages.
The US government, by contrast, does not pay for most of its citizens’ health care. Generally,
Americans receive health care through employer-sponsored insurance, or they arrange to pay for
insurance on their own. Like all forms of insurance, health insurance operates by pooling the
resources of a group of people who face similar risks. This creates a common fund that members can
draw upon when needed. Each person in the group pays a certain amount, called a premium, every
month. These premiums are used to cover the medical expenses of group members who become sick
or injured.
Health Insurance in the United States
Today, most Americans receive health insurance through their place of work. Employers typically pay
for part of the premiums. Most employer-sponsored plans are administered through payroll
contributions. People who are self-employed and those whose employers do not provide health
insurance must purchase individual health insurance. Individual plans are generally more expensive
than group plans. Certain low-income individuals and families may be eligible for Medicaid, a form of
government-sponsored health insurance. In 1997, the US government introduced the Children’s
Health Insurance Program (CHIP) to assist the children of families who do not qualify f.
CHAPTER 1History of the U.S. Healthcare SystemLEARNING OBJECTI.docxmccormicknadine86
CHAPTER 1
History of the U.S. Healthcare System
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
The student will be able to:
■ Describe five milestones of medicine and medical education and their importance to health care.
■ Discuss five milestones of the hospital system and their importance to health care.
■ Identify five milestones of public health and their importance to health care.
■ Describe five milestones of health insurance and their importance to health care.
■ Explain the difference between primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
■ Explain the concept of the iron triangle as it applies to health care.
DID YOU KNOW THAT?
■ When the practice of medicine first began, tradesmen such as barbers practiced medicine. They often used the same razor to cut hair as to perform surgery.
■ In 2014, the United States spent 17.5% of the gross domestic product on healthcare spending, which is the highest in the world.
■ As a result of the Affordable Care Act, the number of uninsured is projected to decline to 23 million by 2023.
■ The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services predicts national health expenditures will account for over 19% of the U.S. gross domestic product.
■ The United States is the only major country that does not have universal healthcare coverage.
■ In 2002, the Joint Commission issued hospital standards requiring them to inform their patients if their results were not consistent with typical care results.
▶ Introduction
It is important as a healthcare consumer to understand the history of the U.S. healthcare delivery system, how it operates today, who participates in the system, what legal and ethical issues arise as a result of the system, and what problems continue to plague the healthcare system. We are all consumers of health care. Yet, in many instances, we are ignorant of what we are actually purchasing. If we were going to spend $1,000 on an appliance or a flat-screen television, many of us would research the product to determine if what we are purchasing is the best product for us. This same concept should be applied to purchasing healthcare services.
Increasing healthcare consumer awareness will protect you in both the personal and professional aspects of your life. You may decide to pursue a career in health care either as a provider or as an administrator. You may also decide to manage a business where you will have the responsibility of providing health care to your employees. And last, from a personal standpoint, you should have the knowledge from a consumer point of view so you can make informed decisions about what matters most—your health. The federal government agrees with this philosophy.
As the U.S. population’s life expectancy continues to lengthen—increasing the “graying” of the population—the United States will be confronted with more chronic health issues because, as we age, more chronic health conditions develop. The U.S. healthcare system is one of the most expensive systems in the world. According to 2014 statistics, the ...
The materials were collected and compiled into the presentation as a study project for Public Speaking class (COMM 110) in Cañada College in Redwood City, CA. Made by students of Spring 2012 - Jenna Baleix, Inge Verschueren, Julia Meinhold, Lissette Saravia, Ja Juarez, Mikhail Maryakhin.
Health care is the maintenance or improvement of health via the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, amelioration or cure of disease, illness, injury, and other physical and mental impairments in people. Health care is delivered by health professionals and allied health fields. Medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, midwifery, nursing, optometry, audiology, psychology, occupational therapy, physical therapy, athletic training, and other health professions all constitute health care. It includes work done in providing primary care, secondary care, and tertiary care, as well as in public health.
Health system comparison Ireland and the USA Mark O'Donovan
Content: Health systems review.
Overview: Essay comparing the health systems in Ireland and the United States of America in terms of equity, efficiency and effectiveness.
Please Note
- This essay is purely academic and I will not accept legal responsibility for any information, interpretations or options contained herein.
- Feel free to utilise, critique, print or reference any of this content :)
Community Health Financing as a Pathway to Universal Health Coverage: Synthes...HFG Project
Community-based health insurance (CBHI) emerged in West Africa the 1990s as a grassroots response among rural and poor communities to fees charged by private and public clinics and hospitals. Three countries – Ghana, Senegal, and Ethiopia – have leveraged CBHI in different ways to expand publicly funded coverage to the informal sector in rural and urban settings. This paper synthesizes the experiences from these three countries to illustrate the role that CBHI can play in UHC.
Chapter 9 Comprehensive BenefitsAnother important measure of heJinElias52
Chapter 9
"Comprehensive BenefitsAnother important measure of health care systems is whether they offer all of theessential services individuals need. The difficulty lies in defining what is essential.Although all observers would agree that comprehensive health care must includecoverage forprimary care, agreement breaks down quickly when we begindiscussing specialty care. Some individuals, for example, consider coronary bypasssurgery an essential service, but others consider it an overpriced and overhypedluxury. Similarly, some favor offering only procedures necessary to keep patientsalive, but others support offering procedures or technologies such as hip replace-ment surgery, home health care, hearing aids, or dental care, which improvequality of life but don’t extend life.Any system that does not provide comprehensive benefits runs the risk ofdevolving into a two-class system in which some individuals can buy more carethan others can. To those who believe health care is a human right, such a sys-tem seems unethical. Others object to such systems on economic grounds, argu-ing that it costs less in the long run to plan on providing care for everyone thanto haphazardly shift costs to the general public when individuals who can’t affordcare eventually seek care anyway.AffordabilityGuaranteeingaccessto health care does not help those who can’t afford topur-chaseit. Consequently, we also must evaluate health care systems according towhether they make health care coverage affordable, restraining the costs notonly of insurance premiums but also ofco-payments, deductibles, and othercrucial services such as prescription drugs and long-term care. Although the ACAoffers some subsidies and tax credits to help people pay their premiums, it stillleaves millions with many bills for these latter costs.For health care to be affordable, individual costs must reflect individualincomes. As noted earlier, most insured Americans receive their insurancethrough employers. Typically, employers pay part of the cost for that insuranceand deduct the rest from each employee’s wages. Because low- and high-wageworkers have their salaries reduced by the same dollar amount, low-wage work-ers are effectively hit harder: Paying $3,000 per year for health insurance might,for example, force a wealthier worker to scale back his vacation plans but force apoorer worker to put off fixing his roof. For this reason, the US system is con-sideredfinancially regressivein that poorer people must pay a higher percent-age of their income than do wealthier people. In contrast, in countries such asGreat Britain and Canada, health coverage is paid for through graduated in-come taxes. Poorer persons pay alowerpercentage of their income for taxesand therefore for health care than do wealthier persons, creating afinanciallyprogressivesystem. Either way—whether through taxes or lowered wages—the nation’s citizens pay all the costs of health care" "Financial EfficiencyAnother critical measure of ...
Towards Establishing Fiscal Legitimacy Through Settled Fiscal Principles in G...Lyla Latif
Rights require resources. We cannot effectively speak of the right to health and its progressive realisation when governments do not utilise to the maximum the resources available to them and do not adequately budget for this right.
Similar to Health systems around the world - Memoona Arshad (19)
Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH) is a significant and potentially life-threatening medical condition that occurs after childbirth. It is characterised by excessive loss of blood, typically defined as blood loss exceeding 500 millilitres for a vaginal delivery or 1000 millilitres for a cesarean section. PPH is a critical concern due to its capacity to lead to severe maternal morbidity and even mortality.
Keratitis is an inflammatory condition that affects the cornea of your eye.
The cornea is the clear part that covers both the iris and the pupil.
Keratitis can be caused by an infection or injury to the eye.
Keratitis is a common condition.
People who wear contact lenses may experience keratitis more frequently than people who don’t wear contacts. In either case, you can take steps to help prevent this condition.
If you do develop keratitis, see your doctor right away.
Central and Peripheral Vision & their DiseasesHuzaifa Zahoor
The act or power of seeing
The special sense by which the qualities of an object (such as color, luminosity, shape, and size) constituting its appearance are perceived through a process in which light rays entering the eye are transformed by the retina into electrical signals that are transmitted to the brain via the optic nerve.
Types of Vision
Central Vision
Peripheral Vision
Disease of Vision
Central Vision Loss
Peripheral Vision Loss
Quality sexual health education (SHE) provides students with the knowledge and skills to help them be healthy and avoid human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), sexually transmitted diseases (STD), and unintended pregnancy.
A SHE curriculum includes medically accurate, developmentally appropriate, and culturally relevant content and skills that target key behavioral outcomes and promote healthy sexual development.
The curriculum is age-appropriate and planned across grade levels to provide information about health risk behaviors and experiences.
Sexual health education should be consistent with scientific research and best practices; reflect the diversity of student experiences and identities; and align with school, family, and community priorities.
The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscular barrier between the chest and abdominal cavities. It separates your heart and lungs from your abdominal organs (stomach, intestines, spleen, and liver).
A diaphragmatic hernia occurs when one or more of your abdominal organs move upward into your chest through a defect (opening) in the diaphragm. This kind of defect can be present at birth or acquired later in life. It’s always a medical emergency and requires prompt surgery to correct.
Cryotherapy is the use of extreme cold to freeze and remove abnormal tissue.
Doctors use it to treat many skin conditions (including warts and skin tags) and some cancers, including prostate, cervical, and liver cancer.
This treatment is also called cryoablation.
Surgery is the branch of medicine that deals with the physical manipulation of a bodily structure to diagnose, prevent, or cure an ailment.
Ambroise Paré, a 16th-century French surgeon, stated that to perform surgery is, "To eliminate that which is superfluous, restore that which has been dislocated, separate that which has been united, join that which has been divided and repair the defects of nature.“
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a persistent opening between the two major blood vessels leading from the heart. The opening (ductus arteriosus) is a normal part of a baby's circulatory system in the womb that usually closes shortly after birth. If it remains open, it's called a patent ductus arteriosus.
A small patent ductus arteriosus often doesn't cause problems and might never need treatment. However, a large patent ductus arteriosus left untreated can allow poorly oxygenated blood to flow in the wrong direction, weakening the heart muscle and causing heart failure and other complications.
Treatment options for a patent ductus arteriosus include monitoring, medications, and closure by cardiac catheterization or surgery.
Diet therapy is a broad term for the alteration or adoption of a diet to prevent or treat a disease or to simply promote optimum health.
In some cases, an alternative dietary lifestyle plan may be developed to eliminate certain foods to reclaim health.
An incorrect diet can cause not only weight gain and skin conditions but may promote exhaustion and fatigue.
Depending on the disease, if you do not follow the diet advised to you by a specialist it may have serious consequences on your health.
A good diet can prevent various diseases.
Traditional medicine (also known as indigenous or folk medicine) comprises medical aspects of traditional knowledge that developed over generations within the folk beliefs of various societies before the era of modern medicine.
Rheumatic fever (acute rheumatic fever) is a disease that can affect the heart, joints, brain, and skin.
Rheumatic fever can develop if strep throat and scarlet fever infections are not treated properly.
Early diagnosis of these infections and treatment with antibiotics is key to preventing rheumatic fever.
Cushing syndrome occurs when your body has too much of the hormone cortisol over time. This can result from taking oral corticosteroid medication. Or your body might produce too much cortisol.
Too much cortisol can cause some of the hallmark signs of Cushing syndrome — a fatty hump between your shoulders, a rounded face, and pink or purple stretch marks on your skin. Cushing syndrome can also result in high blood pressure, bone loss and, on occasion, type 2 diabetes.
Treatments for Cushing syndrome can return your body's cortisol levels to normal and improve your symptoms. The earlier treatment begins, the better your chances for recovery.
Avicenna, an Iranian philosopher and physician of the tenth and eleventh centuries (4th and 5th century A.H.) is without doubt one of the eminent scientists and talented scholars of his own age.
His scientific fame and influence was not only spread in Iran and the Islamic world, but also extended to the whole world.
He is still known as a universal scientist in particular in medicine in the views of the researchers and historians of science history.
Greece the territory of beginning of practice of healingHuzaifa Zahoor
Greek civilization emerged around 700 B.C.E. and continued until around 600 C.E. Greek doctors used rational thinking when dealing with medicine. This approach continues to influence medicine today.
The history & development of traditional chinese medicineHuzaifa Zahoor
Traditional Chinese medicine is system of medicine at least 23 centuries old that aims to prevent or heal disease by maintaining or restoring yinyang balance.
China has one of the world’s oldest medical systems.
Acupuncture and Chinese herbal remedies date back at least 2,200 years, although the earliest known written record of Chinese medicine is the Huangdi neijing (The Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic) from the 3rd century BCE.
MODY is the name given to a collection of different types of inherited forms of diabetes that usually develop in adolescence or early adulthood.
MODY stands for “Maturity-onset diabetes of the young” and was given that name in the past because it acted more like the adult type of diabetes (Type 2 Diabetes) but was found in young people.
MODY limits the body’s ability to produce insulin, but is different than the juvenile type of diabetes (Type 1 Diabetes).
When our bodies don’t produce enough insulin, it can increase blood glucose levels. High blood glucose levels lead to diabetes.
Steatohepatitis is a type of fatty liver disease, characterized by inflammation of the liver with concurrent fat accumulation in the liver.
Mere deposition of fat in the liver is termed steatosis, and together these constitute fatty liver changes.
The word is from steato-, meaning "fat“ and hepatitis, meaning "inflammation of the liver".
Ultrasonography of Heart or Cardiac ultrasonography or Echocardiogram or ultrasound of the heart is the production of two-dimensional cross-sectional images of intracardiac anatomy by stop-action compound scan pulse-echo ultrasound.
The images show the size and shape of the cardiac chambers in systole and diastole, the appearance of heart valves, and the orientation of the great vessels.
The stop-action display is created by repetitively activating the recording oscilloscope for a selected short segment of each cardiac cycle.
The activating signal is timed by the patient's electrocardiogram.
The asynchronous motion of the scanner accumulates additional echoes with each cycle.
As a non-invasive technique, it is without risk or morbidity.
The right equipment is essential for a clinic that provides physical therapy, and choosing the right medical gear for your business is rarely simple.
High-quality systems often command high prices, and ensuring you have the tools you need to help patients with both occupational health development and recovery is essential.
You don’t have to break the bank to acquire the best physical therapy equipment, but you do need to be sure that your equipment is made of sturdy material that can withstand regular use by patients with a variety of different needs and body types.
The ability to understand the routes of infection, conduct epidemiology studies and to implement effective infection control procedures are crucial to hospital hygiene management.
Prolonged patient stays lead to increased morbidity and mortality rates in many cases.
Therefore, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAI) represent a significant cost to hospitals and hinder patient care.
Advanced microbial strain typing, hospital hygiene and infection control solutions are improving the way hospitals deal with HAI.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2. Background
Due to the various combinations of components that can be used for
their establishment, current health systems all over the world are
different.
For several years, the ranking of health systems, particularly the
issue of results, has been a focal point.
The World Health Organization (WHO) conducted a ranking in
2000 to compare the success of member countries' health systems.
Since then, other health-care system rankings have been conducted,
and it has become a subject of public debate.
The criteria used for both of these rankings is a point of dispute,
since there is no gold standard.
This analysis therefore focuses on reviewing the methodologies of
each of the current performance rankings of the health system in
order to determine their reproducibility and accountability.
3. Methods
A search was carried out to classify current rankings for the health system,
and a questionnaire was created to compare methodologies based on the
following indicators:
General knowledge
Methods for statistics
Data
The indicators.
Nine overall rankings were established, while six concentrated instead on
population health calculation without any financial aspect and were
therefore omitted.
Finally, for this study, three health system rankings were selected: "Health
Services: Improving Performance" by the WHO, "Mirror, Mirror on the
wall: How the US Health Care System's Performance Internationally
Compares" by the Commonwealth Fund and "Bloomberg's Most Effective
Health Care."
4. Results
Following the completion of the comparison of the
rankings by awarding scores based on the metrics,
the WHO ranking was deemed the most rigorous in
terms of reproducibility and transparency of the
methodology.
5. Universal Health Coverage: A global
goal
More people have gained access to essential health services such as
immunization, HIV antiretroviral care, family planning, and
malaria-prevention bed nets in the last decade. This is promising
news, but development has been uneven: there are significant
differences in service availability not only between countries, but
also within them. Half the world's population can't afford the care it
needs to stay safe on any given day.
According to experts, the most successful way to improve health
outcomes is to ensure that people have access to high-quality health
care. Universal health coverage (UHC) refers to everyone's right to
see a doctor for medical treatment or when they become ill, and
then be able to pay for it. Governmental organizations such as the
United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Bank
are encouraging countries to implement UHC by 2030, with the UN
Sustainable Development Goals having a concrete deadline to reach
UHC.
6. There is no one-size-fits-all solution.
Health-care programs vary tremendously across the
world.
Countries follow multiple schemes, with varying levels
of government and private sector participation, to
provide their people with health care.
The most critical outcome is that the programs are
available—and that people can afford them.
It is possible to gather the spectrum of forms in which
health care is provided around the world into four
general categories, from comprehensive coverage
under fully funded national schemes to no coverage at
all, forcing people to pay out of pocket for health care.
7. Types of Universal Health Care
System
There are multiple systems for Universal Health
Care System
Stay with me to understand the types:
8. Universal coverage with single-payer
system
A national health-care plan that is entirely funded
by the government, the so-called single payer,
protects everybody.
The government also provides treatment through
public hospitals and clinics in countries with socialized
health care, such as Cuba and the United Kingdom.
Doctors are not government workers in single-payer
schemes like Canada's.
9. Universal coverage with multi-payer
system
For high-income individuals, a national health care
system run by competing insurers typically coexists
with a private insurance alternative. Via legislation
and direct negotiation with pharmaceutical firms,
governments keep costs down.
People are expected to provide health insurance, which
is largely publicly supported, in countries like France,
Germany, and Switzerland.
People in Singapore have the option of paying more
for better, more personalized service.
10. Multi-payer system with no universal
coverage
There is a combination of health-care services, but
health care is not mandatory. The government, which
has given rise to advanced medical technologies along
with high prices and no guarantee of health coverage,
gives more autonomy to private insurance firms.
The United States is the only example of this scheme,
through which individuals can provide private insurance
through their employers, be covered by single-payer
Medicare if they are 65 or older, be covered by
government-funded Medicaid if they have a disability or
earn less than a certain amount, receive socialised coverage
through the Veterans Health Administration if they have
served in the military; and seek private insurance through
their employers.
11. No national health-care infrastructure
(fully out of pocket)
The fact that much of the developing world lacks a
national health-care system is a significant fourth
reality.
The government of an average low-income nation spends
$23 per person on health, compared to the United States,
which spends $3,860, and the United Kingdom, which
spends $2,695.
Health care is funded minimally, or not at all: There may be
restricted access to hospitals, vaccines, and drugs.
Aid agencies fill in the gaps from time to time, but a
substantial majority of global health support today is aimed
at acute illnesses rather than comprehensive or preventive
treatment.
12. Top 5 Countries with the best
Healthcare System
Japan
According to the World Bank, Japan has one of the highest
life expectancies in the world at 84 years and the country is
widely recognized as having one of the world's best
healthcare systems.
Every Japanese citizen is required to take out health
insurance, but this is paid largely by the government,
depending on the means, with the remaining 10-30 percent
paid by the individual.
Health insurance providers are forbidden from making a
profit, resulting in a scheme that is less costly and more
effective for people. Overall, residents pay out-of-pocket
for just 12.8 percent of medical expenses.
13. Top 5 Countries with the best
Healthcare System (Contd..)
Netherlands
Healthcare is of high quality and readily available in
the Netherlands.
The government regulates the scheme, but consumers
are forced to buy health insurance from private entities,
resulting in just 11% of all healthcare expenses being
charged out of pocket.
The corona virus death rate in the country is 5,168,
much lower than in many European countries.
14. Top 5 Countries with the best
Healthcare System (Contd..)
Norway
Norway has a decentralized healthcare system in which
local governments are responsible for the provision of
care.
Residents pay for care, including GP appointments, up
to a value of 2,000 Krone ($204/£163) per year, in
which they are eligible for an exemption card that
allows them to obtain free treatment.
Given this, people pay just 14.2 percent of total
healthcare spending directly out of pocket.
15. Top 5 Countries with the best
Healthcare System (Contd..)
France
French people pay the least out-of-pocket for healthcare out of
all the countries on our list, at just 9.4 percent of overall
spending.
However, the French government spends 9.3% of its GDP on
healthcare, which is higher than many other OECD countries,
such as Canada (7.5%) and the United Kingdom (7.5%),
although it remains slightly lower than the US government (14.3
percent ).
"However, France's reaction to corona virus has been questioned,
with President Emmanuel Macron admitting in a recent TV
address to the nation: "Were we ready for this crisis? Not
acceptable on the face of it.
Yet we've coped. At 25,201 as of 5 May, the country's COVID-
19 death toll is high.
16. Top 5 Countries with the best
Healthcare System (Contd..)
Denmark
The publicly funded healthcare system in Denmark is
primarily managed by each of its five regional
governments, although some specialized services are
managed nationally.
Just 13.7 percent of its total expenditure on healthcare is
out-of-pocket, while it ranks eighth on the Legatum
Prosperity Index, placing it in fourth position overall in
terms of value.
During the corona virus pandemic, the world went into
lockdown early on, and as a result the health service was
not overloaded and controls were able to be loosened.
17. Health care systems classification by
country
Countries with universal government-funded health
system
Government-funded healthcare is accessible to all people of
this system (also known as single-payer healthcare),
irrespective of their income or job status.
Non-citizen nationals may be eligible for healthcare in
some countries, while others may require them to purchase
private insurance:
USA
Australia
Bahrain
Italy
Sri Lanka, and many more…
18. Health care systems classification by
country (Contd..)
Countries with universal public insurance system
Workers in these countries are protected by social
insurance.
The government generally withholds half of its pay, which
is split between the worker and the employer.
Individuals who do not have a valid work contract and/or
can not file as unemployed can be disqualified for free
health care:
UAE
China
Russia
Japan
Qatar, and many more…
19. Health care systems classification by
country (Contd..)
Countries with universal public-private
insurance system
Some citizens receive healthcare from primary private
insurance in this scheme, although people who are
ineligible for it are from the government:
Chile
Cyprus
Mexico
Turkey
Peru, and many more…
20. Health care systems classification by
country (Contd..)
Countries with universal private health
insurance system
Via mandated private insurance, typically subsidised
by the government for low-income residents,
individuals receive healthcare in this system:
Germany
Israel
Netherlends
Switzerlands
Liechtenstein
21. Health care systems classification by
country (Contd..)
Countries with non-universal insurance system
Some residents have private health insurance, while
others are registered for free public health care, and
still others are uninsured:
India
Egypt
Bangladesh
Kenya
Tanzania, and many more…
22. Conclusion
With different economic, geographic, and political
domestic situations, it is unrealistic to expect one
approach to health care to work for all countries.
More important than one system, however, is a
universal goal: to provide quality health care to the
maximum number of people at an affordable price.
23. References
Health care systems by country – Wikipedia
Health systems around the world - a comparison of
existing health system rankings - PubMed (nih.gov)
How Health Care Works Around the World |
World101 (cfr.org)
The countries with the best value healthcare in the
world revealed | lovemoney.com
