health surveillance and health informatics

2. HEALTH SURVEILLANCE
AND HEALTH
INFORMATICS

3. PRESENTED
TO YOU BY:
ABHISHEK
SINGH
MSC
NURSING 1
ST YEAR
HFCON
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3

4. INTRODUCTION
In the everyday life of hustle and bustle, it is almost a
lacking hour to keep a watch on health. As being noted by
many great leaders and personalities around us “health is
life”. We must keep an eye to look for it. As it is a need of
the hour to keep our health maintained and to keep a keen
watch over it. Thus emphasizing its “SURVEILLANCE”.
4

5. “It is health that is real wealth
and not pieces of gold and silver.”
– Mahatma Gandhi
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6. DEFINITION
▫ Surveillance is a systematic process of collection,
transmission, analysis and feedback of public
health data for decision making.
▫ The surveillance means supervision or close watch
especially on suspected person. Epidemiologically
surveillance means close vigilance on occurrence
and distribution of diseases, health related
problems, population of dynamics, community
behavior as well as environmental processes
resulting in increased risk of ill health in the
community
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7. WHY IS IT
IMPORTANT TO
SURVEILLANCE
THE HEALTH ?
▫ It serves as an early warning system for
impending public health emergencies.
▫ It document the impact of an
intervention, or track progress towards
specified goals
▫ Monitor and clarify the epidemiology of
health problems, to allow priorities to be
set and to inform public health policy
and strategies.
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8. PURPOSES OF
HEALTH
SURVEILLANCE
8

9. TYPES OF
HEALTH
SURVEIILANCE
9
INDIVIDUAL OR
FAMILY
SURVEILLANCE
• COMMUNITY
OR LOCAL
POPULATION
SURVEILLANC
E
• NATIONAL
SURVEILLANCE
INTERNATIONAL
SURVEILLANCE

10. INDIVIDUAL OR FAMILY
SURVEILLANCE
It includes surveillance of an
infected person in a family as
long as the individual is the
source of infection to others . e.g.
typhoid case and carriers
10

11. COMMUNITY OR LOCAL
POPULATION
SURVEILLANCE
▫ It includes surveillance of the
whole community for early
detection and prevention &
control of a disease e.g.
malaria
11

12. NATIONAL
SURVEILLANCE
▫ It includes surveillance at the
National level e.g
surveillance of small pox
after its eradication.
12

13. INTERNATIONAL
SURVEILLANCE
▫ It includes surveillance of
some of the diseases which
are listed by WHO e.g
malaria, influenza etc. are to
be reported information to
the countries in the world to
take timely actions.
13

14. SURVEILLANCE PROCESS
14
1
• Collection of relevant information about the disease under
surveillance
2
• Compilation and analysis of data
3
• Reporting of data and providing feedback

15. HEALTH INFORMATICS .
15

16. WHAT DO YOU
MEAN BY
HEALTH
INFORMATICS
?
16
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17. DEFINITION ▫ To define this information of health or
the term “HEALTH INFORMATICS”.
IT can be stated as “a mechanism for
the collection, processing, analysis,
and transmission of information
required for organizing and operating
health services and also for research
& training”.
17

18. Subsets of
Health
Informatics
Includes
18

19. Nursing
informatics
▫ Nursing informatics (NI) is the specialty that
integrates nursing science with multiple information
management and analytical sciences to identify,
define, manage, and communicate data, information,
knowledge, and wisdom in nursing practice.
▫ NI supports nurses, consumers, patients, the
interprofessional healthcare team, and other
stakeholders in their decision-making in all roles and
settings to achieve desired outcomes. This support is
accomplished through the use of information
structures, information processes, and information
technology
19

20. OBJECTIVES
▫ The health information system serves a primary objective of
providing reliable, relevant, up-to-date, adequate, timely and
reasonably complete information for health managers at all the
managing levels.
▫
▫ To share technical and specific information by all health personnel
participating in all the health services of country.
▫
▫ To provide at periodic intervals the data that will show the general
performance of the health services.
▫
▫ To assist planners in studying their current functioning and trends
in demand and work load.
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21. DATA V/S
INFORMATION !
LETS SEE WHO
WINS ?
21
DATA INFORMATION
 It consist of discrete observation of
events that carry little meaning
when considered alone.
 As data collected fromoperating
health care systems are inadequate
for planning.
 So this data needs to be transformed into
“INFORMATION” by reducing,
summarizing, adjusting themfor variation
 Such as age, sex, composition of
population so that comparisons over time
and place are possible.

22. WHO
STANDARD
CRITERIA FOR
HEALTH
INFORMATION
SYSTEM.
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A WHO expert committee identified the following requirements to be satisfied by the
health information system
 The system should be population-based
 The system should avoid the unnecessary agglomeration of data
 The system should be problem oriented
 The system should employ functional and operational terms (e.g episodes of
illness, treatment regimens, laboratory tests )
 The system should express information briefly and imaginatively
 The system should make provisions for feedback of data

23. USES OF
HEALTH
INFORMATICS
▫ To measure the health status of the people & to
quantify their health problems and medical as well as
health care needs
▫ For local, national & international comparisons of
health status.
▫ For planning , administration & effective management
of health services and programmes
▫ For assessing whether health services are
accomplishing their objectives in term of
effectiveness and efficiency
▫ For assessing the attitude and degree of satisfaction
of the beneficiaries with the health system
▫ For research into particular problem and disease
23

24. 24

25. SOURCES OF
HEALTH
INFORMATION
25

26. LETS TAKE
A TOUR !
▫ EVER HEARD OF DIGITAL HEALTH ?
▫ https://mohfw.gov.in/about-
us/departments/departments-
health-and-family-welfare/e-
Health%20%26%20Telemedicine
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27. CENSUS ▫ The census is an important source of
health information. It is taken in most
of the countries of the world at regular
intervals usually of 10years. A census
is defined by the united nations as the
total process of collecting , compiling
and publishing demographic,
economic and social data pertaining at
a specific times at all persons in the
country or delimited territory.
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28. REGISTRATION
OF VITAL
EVENTS
▫ Registration of vital events (e.g, births and deaths )
keeps a continuous check on demographic changes. If
registration of vital events is complete or accurate, it
can serve as a reliable source of health information.
▫
▫ The united nations defines a vital events as
registration as including legal registration, statistical
recording of the occurrence of , and the collection ,
compilation, presentation, analysis and distribution of
statics pertaining to vital events i.e, live birth, deaths ,
fetal deaths, marriages, divorces, adoptions, legal
limitations, recognitions, annulments and legal
separations.
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29. SAMPLE
REGISTRATION
SYSTEM (SRS)
▫ SRS was initiated in mid 1960’s to provide reliable estimates of
birth and deaths rates at the national & state level. The Sample
Registration System (SRS) is a large-scale demographic survey for
providing reliable annual estimates of Infant mortality rate, birth
rate, death rate and other fertility & mortality indicators at the
national and subnational levels.
▫ The current Sample is based on the 2011 Census frame. At
present, SRS is operational in 8850 sample units (4,961 rural and
3,889 urban) covering about 7.9 million population, spread across
all States and Union territories.
▫ This system is more reliable for information on birth and death
rates, age specific fertility and mortality rates, infant and adults,
mortality etc.
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30. NOTIFICATION
OF DISEASES
It provides information
of about fluctuations in
disease frequency and
provides early warning
about ne occurrences
and outbreak of
diseases
▫ The primary purpose of notification is no
effect prevention and control of the
diseases. Notification is also a valuable
source of morbidity data i.e the
incidence & distribution of certain
diseases which are modified.
▫ .
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31. HOSPITALS
RECORDS
▫ In India , where
registration of vital events
is defective & notification
of infectious disease is
extremely inadequate,
hospital data constitutes a
basic source of information
about disease prevalent in
the community.
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32. DISEASE
REGISTER
▫ A Register requires data that a permanent record
be established , that the cases be followed up& the
basic statistical tabulations be prepared both on
frequency and on survival.
▫ These registers are of valuable information as to
duration of illness , case fatality and & survival .
▫ These registers provide follow up of patients and
provide a continuous account at the frequency of
disease in the community.
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33. RECORD
LINKAGE ▫ The term record linkage is used to describe the
process of bringing together records relating to one
individual, the records originating in different times
or place.
▫ The term medical record linkage implies the
assembly and maintenance of each individual in a
population, of a file of the more important records
relating to his health.
▫ Therefore in practice record linkage has been
applied only on a limited scale .
▫ The events recorded are birth, marriage, death,
hospital admission and discharge.
▫
33

34. EPIDEMIOLO
GICAL
SURVEILLANC
E
▫ In many countries where particular diseases are endemic
special control eradication programmes have been
instituted. For example, National Disease Control
Programmes against malaria, tuberculosis, leprosy etc.
These programmes have yielded considerable morbidity
and mortality data for the specific diseases.
34

35. OTHER
HEALTH
SERVICE
RECORDS
▫ These are hospital out patient departments,
primary health centers, sub centres, polyclinics,
private practionioners, mother and child health
centres. For example maternal and child health
centres provide information in birth weight, height,
arm circumference, immunization, disease specific.
35

36. HEALTH &
MANPOWER
STATISTICS
This information relates to
the number of physicians(by
age, sex, speciality and place
of work) . these records are
maintained by the state
Medical/Dental/Nursing
councils
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37. POPULATION
SURVEYS
The term survey is used
for surveys relating to
any aspect of health-
morbidity, mortality,
nutritional status etc
37

38. Emerging
concepts
▫ Integration with natural language-based systems
▫ Real-time addition of new data to integrate with clinical
probability database
▫ Learning systems that improve their accuracy with time
▫ Will require an expanded and holistic understanding of health
care
▫ Requires an understanding of mathematical and computer-
based concepts of management
▫ Changing concepts related to the practice of medicine
▫ Improving surveillance of disease and health issues
▫ Improving accuracy of diagnosis, reducing time to diagnosis,
and improving accuracy and efficacy of treatment
▫ Potential for cost-savings related to best evidence-based
practice
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39. ROLE OF A
NURSE
39
• Nursing, as with healthcare in general, informatics is
being used to address the challenges of the day,
significantly impacting the way nurses function in
patient care.
• The Healthcare Information and Management Systems
Society reported that as the result of electronic
charting, nurses are able to obtain information quickly
and efficiently, using the information to improve the
daily workflow. Storing the information electronically is
more easily available to all members of the care team,
including the physician and other care providers, as
well as staff teams at other healthcare organizations
that the patient may visit.

40. Maps
our office
40

41. ANY SUGGESTIONS ?
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42. 89,526,124$
That’s a lot of money
100%
Total success!
185,244 users
And a lot of users
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