This Health & Safety presentation as provided to the PCWWA. It emphasized Governor Baker's recent finalization of the OSHA Act for Massachusetts state employees.

2. PCWWA
HEALTH & SAFETY TRAINING
May 16, 2018
David P. Horowitz, P.E., CSP, DPHorowitz@tighebond.com
Slideshare: @dphorowitz

3. • State Adopts OSHA
• OSHA Top 10 Most Cited
• GHS Update
• Emergency Response
• Chemical Feed
AGENDA

4. • March 9, 2018 - Governor Baker signed a bill
adopting OSHA
– Original MGL introduced before OSHA existed
• Clarifies
– Definition of public sector employees
– Public sector employers must meet
OSHA standards
• Highlights
– DLS
• DLS Inspections
– Imminent hazard, Accident, Voluntary,
Complaint, Planned Programed
Inspection
MASSACHUSETTS & OSHA

5. • Does not replace OSHA
• Requirements are as strict as OSHA
• Effective date is February 1, 2019
• May pursue becoming an
OSHA State Plan State
– Connecticut; Illinois; Maine;
New Jersey; and New York.
• Public sector employers
may get fined
MASSACHUSETTS & OSHA

6. QUESTIONS

8. WHY DO WE CARE?

9. WHY DO WE CARE?

10. WHY DO WE CARE?

11. • Watch for common
issues!
• Watch your staff &
contractors
• Management of
change
– Safety Data Sheets
SAFETY TAKEAWAYS

12. FIRST .. A PLUG FOR DLS

13. RECENT DLS ACTIVITY
Written Warning And Order
To Correct

14. RECENT DLS ACTIVITY - RESPIRATORS
Written Respiratory
Protection Plan

15. Courtesy of Maine Department of Labor

16. RECENT DLS ACTIVITY – LO / TO
Provide Lo / To Program

17. RECENT DLS ACTIVITY – LO/TO

18. RECENT DLS ACTIVITY – PPE
Conduct / Perform
Hazard Assessment

19. Courtesy of ConnOSHA

20. Recent DLS Activity

24. OSHA’S TOP TEN MOST CITED

25. OSHA’S TOP TEN MOST CITED

26. OSHA’S TOP TEN MOST CITED

27. ■ Permanent
■ Temporary
#10 ELECTRICAL WIRING

28. #9 FALL PROTECTION - TRAINING

29. ■ Engineered or structural fixes
■ Job Hazard Analysis (JHAs)
#8 MACHINE GUARDING

30. ■ PIVs
■ Hoisting requirements
#7 POWERED INDUSTRIAL TRUCKS

31. #6 LADDERS – CONSTRUCTION
■ Design considerations
■ Milestone Observation

32. #5 LOCKOUT / TAGOUT
■ System specific evaluation
■ Comprehensive energy source
understanding

33. #4 RESPIRATORY PROTECTION
■ Engineer out, if possible
■ Written Plan
■ Baseline physical
■ Medical surveillance
■ Fit testing

34. #3 SCAFFOLDING – CONSTRUCTION
■ Design considerations
■ Milestone Observation

35. #2 HAZARD COMMUNICATION
■ Globally Harmonized System
■ Risk Management Planning
– Chlorine Gas = >2,500 Lbs

36. #1 FALL PROTECTION – CONSTRUCTION
■ Design considerations
■ Milestone Observation

37. OSHA’S TOP TEN MOST CITED

38. QUESTIONS

39. • The most frequent injuries in water treatment
facilities are:
a) Cuts and bruises
b) Explosive and toxic gases
c) Slips and falls
d) Strains and Sprains
e) None of the above
QUIZ TIME

40. GLOBAL HARMONIZED SYSTEM
MAJOR CHANGES
Training and implementation
Hazard classification
Labels and warnings
Standard Safety Data Sheets

41. HAZARD CLASSIFICATIONS
Physical
Hazards

42. HAZARD CLASSIFICATIONS
Health
Hazards

43. SOMETIMES THEY CAN BE SUBJECT
TO INTERPRETATION

44. OR WORSE

45. Effective
Completion Date
Requirement(s) Who
December 1, 2013
Training
• New Label Elements
• Safety Data Sheets
Employers
June 1, 2015
Manufacturer full compliance
HAZCOM plans updated
Chemical Manufacturers
Employers
December 1, 2015
Distribution Prohibitions for non
GHS labels
Chemical Manufacturers,
Importers and
Distributors
June 1, 2016
Updates to program and training
based on new hazard
classifications
Employers

46. FLAMMABLE LIQUID CATEGORIES
Category Criteria
1
Flash point < 73°F
Boiling point  95°F
2
Flash point < 73°F
Boiling point > 95°F
3 Flash point 73°F - 140°F
4 Flash point 140°F - 200°F

47. POSSIBILITY FOR CONFUSION?
Flashpoint
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200
NFPA / OSHA Flammable Combustible
NFPA 704 Diamond 4 3 2
EPA / DOT Flammable Combustible
GHS 1 or 2 3 4
Signal Word Danger Danger Warning
Hazard Statement
Extremely flammable liquid and
vapor
Highly flammable liquid and
vapor
Flammable liquid and vapor Combustible liquid
Pictogram Nothing

48. POSSIBILITY FOR CONFUSION?

50. EMERGENCY RESPONSE FOR WATER
TREATMENT PLANT OPERATORS

51. TYPICAL CHEMICALS USED AT A
TREATMENT PLANT

52. • Water Treatment
– Potassium Permanganate
– Ferric Chloride
– Liquid Oxygen
– Aluminum Sulfate
– Sodium Hypochlorite
– Sodium Hydroxide
– Sulfuric Acid
– Chlorine
CHEMICAL SPECIFICS

53. • KMnO4
• Warning: corrosive, oxidizer
• Routes: eye, skin, inhalation,
ingestion
• Symptoms: irritation,
possible chemical burns,
pulmonary edema,
managanism
• Hazards
– Strong oxidizer (avoid combustibles,
wooden pallets, acids)
– Large quantities of dust presents
inhalation hazard
– Chronic neurological effects
POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE

54. • FeCl3
• Warning: corrosive, harmful
• Routes: eye, skin, ingestion
• Symptoms: skin irritation,
possible skin burns
• Hazards
– Slightly acidic depending on concentration
– Serious harm to eyes if splashed
– Vomiting after swallowing
– Large exposures cause cadiovascular distress
– Toxic on liver and kidneys
FERRIC CHLORIDE

55. • Al2(SO4)3
• Warning: irritant
• Routes: eye, skin,
inhalation, ingestion
• Symptoms: irritation,
shortness of breath,
vomiting, diarrhea
• Hazards:
– Avoid ingestion
– Hydrolyzes in water forming
sulfuric acid
ALUMINUM SULFATE

56. • NaClO
• Warning: oxidizer, corrosive
(caustic)
• Routes: eye, skin, inhalation,
ingestion
• Symptoms: irritation, chemical
burns, blood disease on chronic
overexposure
• Hazards
– Reaction could generate chlorine gas
– Extremely slippery
– Oxidizing will cause accelerated burning
SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE

57. • NaOH
• Warning: corrosive
(caustic)
• Routes: eye, skin,
inhalation, ingestion
• Symptoms: irritation,
chemical burns, hair loss
• Hazards:
– Extremely slippery
– Difficult to remove
– Reacts with acids
SODIUM HYDROXIDE

58. • H2SO4
• Warning: corrosive
• Routes: eye, skin, inhalation,
ingestion
• Symptoms: irritation,
chemical burns, pulmonary
edema
• Hazards
– Highly reactive / generates fumes
– Inhalation effects may be delayed
– Neutralization enhances the reaction
– Adding water may not be effective
SULFURIC ACID

59. • Corrosive / toxic by inhalation
– Vapors condense to form hydrochloric acid
– Toxic at relatively low airborne concentration
– Can cause pulmonary edema
• Cryogenic as a liquid
• Reactives
– Ammonia and fuel gas
– Explosive compounds
• Strong odor,
good warning properties
CHLORINE GAS / LIQUID

60. • Sodium Hypochlorite
• Chlorine Gas
• Ammonia
• Ferric Chloride
• Sodium Hydroxide
CHEMICALS

61. • Sodium Hypochlorite
– Disinfection chemistry
– Dechlorination needs
– Replaced gaseous chlorine
CHEMICALS
As Chlorine Liquid (Gas Vapor > -31°F): Cl2 + H2O  H+ + Cl- + HOCl (pH drops)
As a Sodium Hypochlorite Liquid NaOCl + H2O  NaOH + HOCl (pH rises)

62. • Ammonia
– Disinfection chemistry
– Used with sodium hypochlorite
– Creates chloramines
CHEMICALS
1st form Monochloramines HOCl + NH3  NH2Cl + H2O
2nd form Dichloramines HOCl + NH2Cl  NHCl2 + H2O
3rd form Trichloramines HOCl + NHCl2  NCl3 + H2O

63. • Ferric Chloride
– Primarily used for phosphorous removal
CHEMICALS
Iron (Ferric Chloride, Ferrous Chloride, Ferrous Sulfate – must be oxidized)
1. +3 3
4 4Fe PO FePO ( )s
 
2. +3 1
3Fe 3 OH Fe(OH) ( )s
 

64. • Sodium Hydroxide
– Alkaline chemical
– Raises pH
– Precipitate Metal Phosphate
– Metal Hydroxide as solids
CHEMICALS

65. • Potassium Hydroxide
– Alkaline chemical
– Raises pH
– Precipitate Metal Phosphate
– Metal Hydroxide as solids
CHEMICALS

66. • Zinc Orthophosphate
– Corrosion Control
CHEMICALS

67. CHEMICAL EMERGENCY RESPONSE

68. NOW WE REALLY HAVE A PROBLEM

69. Contain Curtail
Call
THREE C’S

70. CHEMICAL EMERGENCY RESPONSE
Actions
– Remember your priorities
– Separate personnel from the hazard
– Assess risk
– Respond within your capability
– Notify the chain of command
– Follow your Emergency Response Plans

71. Protect
Yourself
Protect
Others
Protect the
Water
Supply
Protect the
Environment
CORE OBJECTIVES

72. • Chemical
– Physical hazards
– Health hazards
– Incompatibles
– Ignition sources
– Heat
• Other hazards?
DON’T GET TUNNEL VISION

73. • Discipline
• Command
• Management
• Don’t Let Time
Become Your Enemy
• Don’t Cut Corners
KEYS TO SAFE RESPONSE

74. • First Responders – Operations Level
– Defensive containment
– From a safe distance
• Technician Level
– Aggressive operations
– Appropriate equipment and materials
are in-place
RESPOND WITHIN YOUR CAPABILITIES
Annual refresher training
required

75. • ER Coordinator ensures incident is properly
reported
– Local organizations
– State environmental agencies
– State health agencies
• Communications coordinator to place
internal organizations on standby
– Responders
– Supervisors
– Quality control
RESPONSE PROCEDURE

76. • ER Coordinator
– Directs responders
– Liaison to incident commander
– Maintains records at the scene
• Response
– Based on threat to public safety
and treatment system
ACTIONS AT THE SCENE

77. • Actions
– Inform appropriate internal organizations
– Mobilize resources to the scene
– Initiate containment activities to protect critical infrastructure
– In concert with Incident Command
RESPONSE TO THREATS TO PUBLIC SAFETY

78. • Assessment of conditions
• Identify trapped or injured personnel
• Ensure appropriate notification
• Isolate environmental receptors
– Water
– Ground
• Containment and curtailment
• Defensive measures
SITE ACTIVITIES

79. • As far away as reasonably possible
• Direction of spill migration
• Drains, doors, etc.
• Spills vs releases
ISOLATE ENVIRONMENTAL RECEPTORS

80. • Do not contact spilled materials
• Illumination
• Heat
• Protrusions
• Physical activity
• Limited time
• Use of stairs and ladders
• Vision
• Communication
SITE CONDITIONS

81. • Employee responsibilities
– Know the chemical hazards
– Use controls to prevent exposure
– Review MSDS / SDS during non-routine tasks
– Take action if symptoms of overexposure are felt
• Response
– Know the 4 core objectives
– Chemicals can behave very differently when out in the open
– Don’t take anything for granted
– Get away and get the right resources to the situation
– Mistakes can be costly
CONCLUSIONS / KEY POINTS

82. CHEMICAL FEED
DESIGN & SPILL PREVENTION

83. WHAT’S THE BEST WAY TO RESPOND
TO A SPILL?
PREVENT IT FROM HAPPENING!!

84. • Good Engineering
Practices
– Regulatory Agencies
– Utility Standards
– Operator Preferences
– Economics
– Spatial Constraints
CHEMICAL FEED SYSTEM DESIGNS

85. • Bulk Tanks
• Transfer Pumps
• Day Tank
• Metering Pumps
• Containment
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS / FLEXIBILITY

86. • ALWAYS check wetted material for compatibility
• Effect Ratings
– None – excellent
– Minor – good
– Moderate – fair
– Severe – not recommended
• Resistance Charts
CHEMICAL COMPATIBILITY

88. SIMPLE SYSTEM (MANUFACTURER PROVIDED)

89. • Fill Time
• Flooded Suction
• Compatible Material
• Viscosity of the Chemical
• Siphoning
TRANSFER PUMP DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

90. • Concentration
• Specific gravity
• Viscosity
• Temperature
• Suction Lift or Flooded
Suction
• Injection Pressure
METERING PUMP DESIGN

91. • Best Management
Practices
• Standard Operating
Procedures
• Non-Structural Controls
CHEMICAL FEED SYSTEM OPERATION

92. • Concrete Berms with Coating
• Secondary Containment
Pallets
• Fabricated Containment
Systems
• 110% of Largest Bulk
Tank
SECONDARY CONTAINMENT

93. • Frequent Inspections
– Drums, tanks, mix stations, pumps
• Up to Date Maintenance
• Proper Oil & Chemical Handling
• Training
SPILL PREVENTION MEASURES

94. DELIVERY AREA CONTAINMENT

96. • Good Housekeeping
• Visual Inspection
• Employee Training
• Spill Prevention & Response Procedures
• Preventative Maintenance
FIVE EFFECTIVE GENERIC BMPS

97. QUESTIONS
David P. Horowitz, P.E., CSP
Tighe & Bond, 53 Southampton Road, Westfield, MA 01085
413.572.3211 | dphorowitz@tighebond.com

98. THANK YOU!!!!