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Air and water pollution prevation and control
1. Salahaddin university - Erbil
College of science
Environmental science and health department
Prepared by : Supervised By :
2. Content
โข Air Pollution
โข Types of air pollution
โข Sources of indoor air pollution
โข Causes Air Pollution
โข Effect Air Pollution
โข Prevention & control Air Pollution
โข Water pollution
โข Causes Water Pollution
โข Water related diseases
โข Water Purification
โข Purification of water on a small scale
3. Air Pollution
โข Air pollution is a mixture of solid particles and gases in the air. Car
emissions, chemicals from factories, dust, pollen and mold spores may be
suspended as particles. Ozone, a gas, is a major part of air pollution in
cities. When ozone forms air pollution, it's also called smog.
โข Some air pollutants are poisonous. Inhaling them can increase the chance
you'll have health problems. People with heart or lung disease, older
adults and children are at greater risk from air pollution. Air pollution isn't
just outside - the air inside buildings can also be polluted and affect your
health.
4. Types of air Pollution
โข Outdoor air pollution
โข Smog
โข Particulates
โข Greenhouse gases
โข โข Indoor air pollution
โข One of the 4 most critical global
โข environmental problem, (women &
โข children)
โข Contributes to:
โข acute resp. infection (children)
โข Chronic lung disease ( adult)
โข Cancer
โข Adverse pregnancy outcomes
6. Causes Air Pollution
Main sources:
โข Automobiles
โข Industries
โข Domestic
โข Tobacco smoke
โข Miscellaneous
7. Effect Air Pollution
Human effect
โ e.g.: diseases
Environmental effect
โ Acid rain
โ Ozone depletion
โ Global climate changes
โ haze
Social & economic aspects
โ Destruction of plant & animal life
โ Corrosion of metal
8. Prevention & control Air Pollution
โข Containment: enclosure, ventilation, air
cleaning
โข Replacement: replacing a technology
process causing air pollution by a new
process that does not
โข Dilution: Planting trees/re-forestation
โข Legislation: enacted The Air ( prevention
& control) Act, enforcement of standard
for ambient air quality, create smokeless
zone
โข International action: establish
international network of laboratories
9. Water pollution
โข the contamination of natural water bodies by
chemical, physical, radioactive or pathogenic
microbial substances
โข โข Indicator of pollution:
โข โ Total suspended solid
โข โ Biochemical oxygen demand at 20ยฐc
โข โ Conc. Of chloride, nitrogen & phosphorus
โข โ Absence of dissolved oxygen
11. Water related diseases
Classified:
โข Biological
โ Presence of infective agents
โ Presence of an aquatic host
โข Chemical
โ Industrial & agricultural wastes
โ Pollutants: detergent solvents, cyanide, heavy
metal, mineral & organic acids,
โ May affects manโs health direct & indirectly
12. Water related diseases
Public awareness
โขLaws, standards and practices should be established
โขReforestation
โขA regular qualitative and quantitative monitoring of
fresh
water resources.
13. Water Purification
1. Purification of water on a large scale
a) Storage
โข Physical changes
โข Chemical changes
โข Biological changes
b) Filtration
โข Slow sand filter and
โข rapid sand filter
c) Disinfection
โข Chlorination (chlorine gas, chloramine, perchloron)
โข UV radiation
14. Purification of Water on a small scale
a) Household purification
a) Boiling
b) Chemical disinfection
โ (Bleaching powder, Chlorine tablets, Iodine,
Potassium permanganate, Alum)
c) Filtration
โ Ceramic filters
b) Disinfection of wells
โข By adding bleaching powder