This document discusses the health effects of cigarette smoking. It notes that cigarettes contain over 7,000 chemical compounds, including 70 that are carcinogenic. The four worst diseases caused by smoking are heart disease, stroke, COPD, and lung cancer. Quitting smoking is difficult due to nicotine addiction but can significantly improve health outcomes over time by reducing risks of these and other smoking-related diseases. The document also covers the dangers of secondhand and thirdhand smoke exposure.

1. HEALTH EFFECTS OF CIGARETTE
SMOKING
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31st MAY

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WHAT IS IN A CIGARETTE?
DO YOU STILL WANT TO
SMOKING
Estimated number of chemical
compounds in cigarette smoking
7357
70 of them – carcinogenic

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WHY QUITTING IS HARD?
NICOTINE IS THE ADDICTIVE
SUBSTANCE

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NICOTINE

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WORST DISEASES CAUSED BY SMOKING
1. HEART DISEASE
2. STROKE
3. COPD (CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE AIRWAY DISEASE)
4. LUNGS CANCER

8. HEART DISEASE
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SMOKING CAN CAUSE BLOCKAGES AND
NARROWING IN YOUR ARTERIES  LESS
BLOOD AND OXYGEN FLOW TO THE
HEART

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COMPLICATION FROM
HEART DISEASE
1.Death
2.Heart failure
3.Sudden cardiac arrest

12. STROKE
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 STROKE HAPPENS WHEN THE BLOOD
SUPPLY TO YOUR BRAIN IS
TEMPORARILY BLOCKED.
 BRAIN CELLS ARE DEPRIVED OF
OXYGEN AND START TO DIE.
 A STROKE CAN CAUSE PARALYSIS,
SLURRED SPEECH, ALTERED BRAIN
FUNCTION AND CAN CAUSE DEATH.

14. COPD
(chronic obstructive airway disease)
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smoker’s lungs appear dark and mottled due to inhaled tar. The texture of the two
also differs, with damaged lungs being much harder and more brittle.

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Close-up of the surface of a dissected lung shows multiple cavities filled with heavy
black carbon deposits.

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Emphysema and chronic bronchitis are the most common conditions that make up
COPD. Many people with COPD have both of these conditions to some degree.

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 COPD is an obstructive lung disease that makes it hard to
breathe.
 It starts by making smokers hard to be active (e.g : climbing
short sets of stairs or even walking to the toilet is exhausting)
 It can leave people stuck in their homes, unable to do things
they want or see friends.
 85% - 90% of all COPD cases is caused by cigarette smoking.

21. LUNG CANCER
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 When you inhale cigarette smoke, which is full of
carcinogen, changes in the lung tissue occur almost
immediately. It damages cell that lines the lungs.
 At first your body may be able to repair this damage. But
with repeated exposure, normal cells that line the lungs get
increasingly damaged.
 Over time, the damage caused cells to act abnormally and
eventually cancer may develop.
HOW SMOKING CAN CAUSE
CANCER?

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LUNG CANCER
 More people die from lung cancer than any other types of
cancer.
 Cigarette smoking is the number one risk factor for lung cancer,
it is responsible for close to 90% of lung cancer cases.
 Your chance of still being alive 5 years after being diagnosed is
about 1 in 5.

24. OTHER DISEASES RELATED TO
CIGARETTE SMOKING
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EYES
 BLINDNESS
 CATARACTS
 AGE-RELATED MACULAR
DEGENERATION
Smoking damage eyes and can result
in vision loss.
Age-related macular degeneration is
the leading cause of blindness in
adults > 65 years
TEETH, GUM
 PERIODONTAL DISEASE (GUM
PROBLEM, GINGIVITIS, PERIODONTITIS)
 LOOSE TEETH
 CARIES, PLAQUE
 NICOTINE STAINING

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ORAL CAVITY
 MOUTH, LARYNX, PHARYNX,
NECK CANCER
 GANGGUAN DERIA RASA
 BAU MULUT

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SMOKING AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
People who smokes more likely to develop type 2 diabetes
mellitus than people who don’t smoke.
Additionally, smoking increase the risk of complications
once diagnosed with diabetes such as kidney disease,
poor blood flow to legs and feet (which leads to infection
and possible amputation), blindness, nerve damage

28. SECOND HAND SMOKER (SHS)
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SECONDHAND SMOKE
• Secondhand smoke is what you inhale accidentally (called passive smoker) when you are
near sources of tobacco smoke.
• The combination of smoke from the burning end of cigarette and the smoke breathed
out by smokers.
• Both sources release harmful chemicals into the air that affect non-smoker.
• What makes it more dangerous : side stream smoke from the end of cigarette is
unfiltered. It has more harmful toxins.
• These passive smoker is at risk of having disease related to cigarette smoking as equal as
to the smoker.

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If your wife/ someone you know is pregnant and
became passive smoker, she is at risk of :
 Gives birth to low weight baby
 Premature delivery
 Miscarriage
 Intrauterine death

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Do you have a baby at home? Did you know children
also will have complication if they are exposed to
cigarette smoke at home? They are at risk of :
 SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome)
 Asthma attack – frequent,
uncontrolled
 Respiratory disease such as bronchitis,
bronchiolitis and pneumonia
 Meningitis
 Cough, runny nose, rhinosinusitis
 Ear infection (otitis media)
 Learning problems, delay in development,
neurobehavioral problem
 Erectile dysfunction
 Infertile

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33. THIRD HAND SMOKE
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35. THIRD HAND SMOKE
 Residual nicotine and other chemicals left on indoor surface by
tobacco smoke.
 People exposed to these chemicals by :
 touching on contaminated surfaces
Breathing in the off-gassing from these surfaces
 These residue is thought to react with common indoor
pollutants to create a toxic mix including cancer causing
compounds, posing a potential health hazard to non smoker
especially children.

37. STOP SMOKING CAN SAVE YOUR MONEY
Minimum cig price : RM 12
3 categories of cigarette in
Malaysia :
Cheap cig : RM 12.40
Value to buy : RM 15- RM 15.90
Premium brand : RM 17.40
COST :
RM12 X 30 = RM360/MONTH = RM4320/YEAR

38. E-CIGARETTE
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39. CONTENT OF E-CIGARETTE
1. Nicotine
2. Propylene Glycol
3. Vegetable Glycerin
4. Flavor

40. Propylene Glycol
a) Immediate effects : Eye, throat
and respiratory tract irritation
(Wieslander et al 2001,
Vardavas et al 2012)
b) Prolong effects : Irritation to
respiratory tract causing
Asthma Attack (Choi et al
2010)
c) Produce Formaldehyde
(Jensen et al , 2015)

41. Glycerin
Flavors
Attacking inner cell of lungs, brain
and skin (Bahl et al, 2012)
Metals
Interaction between liquid and
atomiser (W.E. Stephens, 2015)
20 – 300 nanometer
Otmar G et al, 2015
Absorption
Zhang et al, 2013
(Harvad T.H.
Chan School of
Public Health, 2015)
a) Skin Irritation (MSD)
b) Organ damage on prolong
usage (MSD)

43. SUMMARY
 Cigarette smoking harms nearly every organ of the body,
causes many diseases and reduces the health of smokers in
general.
 Quitting smoking lowers your risk for smoking-related
diseases and can add years to your life.

44. Hasnizam Bin Md Saad
Pengamal Keselamatan Kesihatan
Pekerjaan Dan Alam Sekitar
012-9835664