HAZOP STUDY.docx
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This HAZOP study for a slurry plant identifies potential hazards from chemical storage and transportation. Six areas are examined: 1) sulphuric acid storage with risks of spillage and skin burns, 2) spent acid storage with similar risks, 3) linear alkyl benzene storage with spillage and fire risks, 4) a sulphonator reactor with temperature rise and skin burn risks, 5) chemical transportation via pipes and pumps with leakage and corrosion risks, and 6) transportation of linear alkyl benzene via similar means. Recommended protections include protective equipment, water showers, scheduled maintenance, and system upgrades. The study was prepared by Mirza Baig and reviewed by a hazards team at RSPL Limited, Raip
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HAZOP I Hazard and operability study I Risk Assessment I Gaurav Singh Rajput
The document describes a hazard and operability (HAZOP) study for a proposed olefin dimerization unit. A HAZOP study identifies potential hazards and operating problems by systematically applying guide words like "no," "more," and "less" to process parameters at critical locations. The summary provides results of applying the guide words to the line section from an intermediate storage tank to a buffer/settling tank. Deviations considered include no flow, more flow, and the presence of water or other impurities. Potential causes and consequences of each deviation are examined along with recommended actions.
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Selection of Internals for Distillation Columns
Selection of Internals for Distillation Columns
0 INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE
1 SCOPE
2 FIELD OF APPLICATION
3 DEFINITIONS
4 GENERAL SELECTION CRITERIA
5 PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
5.1 Pressure Drop
5.2 Deep Vacuum
5.3 Hydraulic Capacity
5.4 Mass Transfer Efficiency
5.5 Turndown
5.6 Flow Regimes on Trays
5.7 Foaming
5.8 Two Liquid Phases
5.9 Scale Effects
5.10 Liquid Hold-up
5.11 Heat Transfer and Packed Columns
6 DISTILLATION TRAYS
6.1 Sieve Trays
6.2 Valve Trays
6.3 Dualflow Trays
6.4 Bubble Cap Trays
6.5 Baffle Trays
7 PACKINGS
7.1 Random Packings
7.2 Structured Packings
7.3 Grid Packings
8 EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS' PROPRIETARY
DEVICES
8.1 DisTech
8.2 Glitsch
8.3 Koch
8.4 Kuhni
8.5 Norton
8.6 Nutter
8.7 Sulzer
8.8 UOP
9 COLUMN REVAMP
TABLES
1 GENERAL SELECTION CRITERIA
FIGURES
1 DECISION TREE
1 EXAMPLES OF DISTILLATION TRAY TYPES
2 EXAMPLES OF PACKING TYPES
3 TWO-STAGE LIQUID DISTRIBUTOR
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Selection of Internals for Distillation Columns
Selection of Internals for Distillation Columns
0 INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE
1 SCOPE
2 FIELD OF APPLICATION
3 DEFINITIONS
4 GENERAL SELECTION CRITERIA
5 PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
5.1 Pressure Drop
5.2 Deep Vacuum
5.3 Hydraulic Capacity
5.4 Mass Transfer Efficiency
5.5 Turndown
5.6 Flow Regimes on Trays
5.7 Foaming
5.8 Two Liquid Phases
5.9 Scale Effects
5.10 Liquid Hold-up
5.11 Heat Transfer and Packed Columns
6 DISTILLATION TRAYS
6.1 Sieve Trays
6.2 Valve Trays
6.3 Dualflow Trays
6.4 Bubble Cap Trays
6.5 Baffle Trays
7 PACKINGS
7.1 Random Packings
7.2 Structured Packings
7.3 Grid Packings
8 EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS' PROPRIETARY
DEVICES
8.1 DisTech
8.2 Glitsch
8.3 Koch
8.4 Kuhni
8.5 Norton
8.6 Nutter
8.7 Sulzer
8.8 UOP
9 COLUMN REVAMP
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1 GENERAL SELECTION CRITERIA
FIGURES
1 DECISION TREE
1 EXAMPLES OF DISTILLATION TRAY TYPES
2 EXAMPLES OF PACKING TYPES
3 TWO-STAGE LIQUID DISTRIBUTOR
4 EFFECT OF HEAT TRANSFER ON LIQUID FILM STABILITY
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6 BUBBLE CAP DETAIL
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-Basic understanding of HAZOP
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1. Sulphuric acid is used at power plants to lower the pH of circulating cooling water to prevent calcium scaling in systems.
2. It decreases the solubility of calcium carbonate as temperature increases, allowing calcium deposits to form more readily.
3. Sulphuric acid is a highly corrosive and hazardous chemical that requires careful handling and storage, as well as appropriate personal protective equipment, due to the severe burns and damage it can cause upon contact with skin, eyes and tissues.
IRJET- Treatment of Sugar Industry Wastewater by Upflow Anaerobic Sludge ...
This document summarizes a study on treating sugar industry wastewater using an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor. The study tested hydraulic retention times (HRT) from 72 to 8 hours. Key findings include:
1) At a 48 hour HRT, 78% COD removal was achieved with COD in the feed at 5400 mg/L.
2) pH, total solids (TS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were monitored at different HRTs and levels within the reactor.
3) Optimum HRT was sought to effectively treat sugar industry wastewater using the UASB reactor system.
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Success story lead_acidbattery
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AQUAMAX GROUP
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Chemistry investigatory HARDNESS OF WATER
This document describes a student's chemistry investigatory project to test drinking water samples for hardness, iron, fluoride, and chloride. The student outlines procedures to determine hardness using a soap test and to test for iron using ammonium sulphocyanide, chloride using silver nitrate, and fluoride using silver nitrate and nitric acid. The results of these tests on different water sources are presented to identify the presence of these ions in drinking water and their potential health effects.
DEFLUORIDATION OF GROUNDWATER BY USING MODIFIED MORINGA SEEDS POWDER
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- Moringa oleifera seeds were modified using acid and alkali treatments and tested as an adsorbent to reduce fluoride levels.
- Experiments examined the effect of pH, adsorbent dosage, and contact time on fluoride removal efficiency.
- Optimal removal of over 91% was achieved with acid-modified seeds at a dosage of 300mg/L, pH of 4, and contact time
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DESALINATION OF SEAWATER USING WATER HYACINTH ACTIVATED CARBON
This document summarizes a study that used activated carbon produced from water hyacinth to desalinate seawater. Water hyacinth is an invasive aquatic plant that was converted to activated carbon and used to treat seawater samples. Testing showed the activated carbon was effective at reducing the mineral content of seawater over time, with higher doses of activated carbon producing greater reductions. Analysis of the treated seawater found it met irrigation water quality standards after treatment with 5g of activated carbon for 120 minutes. The study demonstrates the potential of using water hyacinth activated carbon for low-cost, energy efficient desalination.
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The document discusses a study that aims to stabilize leachate and convert it into a non-toxic liquid suitable for groundwater recharge. The researchers treated leachate using activated crab shell and an aniline polymer in a filtration system. They found that the combination of activated carbon from crab shell and the polymer was able to reduce various toxic substances in leachate such as chloride, sulfur, and nitrates. Testing of the treated effluent showed reductions in parameters like COD, BOD, conductivity, and heavy metals. The results indicate the process provides an eco-friendly way to treat leachate that is low-cost and produces dischargeable quality water.
IRJET- Stabilizing and Converting Leachate into Non-Toxic Liquid for Groundwa...
The document discusses a study that aims to stabilize leachate and convert it into a non-toxic liquid suitable for groundwater recharge. The researchers treated leachate using activated crab shell and an aniline polymer in a filtration system. They found that the combination of activated crab shell and polymer was effective at removing various contaminants from leachate, including heavy metals. Testing of the treated effluent showed reductions in parameters like turbidity, COD, BOD, and heavy metals. The results indicate the process provides an eco-friendly way to purify leachate at low cost without using much electricity or chemicals. The treated leachate could then be safely used to replenish groundwater.
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- 1. HAZOP STUDY FOR SLURRY PLANT Date: 04/02/2022, RSPL Raipur Prepared By: Mirza Baig Page 1 Sr . N o Area/P&ID/NOD Deviation Possible Causes Consequence Protection Provided Action Recommended 01 Sulphuuric Acid Storage tank Spillage Overflow leakage in tank Corrosion Skin burning of employee PPE water shower Hand shower Water Availability Liquid level guage not working. Needs to be maintained in working condition all the time. Effected person should use water shower Workers handling acid vassels should be trained. Calcium hydroxide should be available to neutralize any acid spill.
- 2. HAZOP STUDY FOR SLURRY PLANT Date: 04/02/2022, RSPL Raipur Prepared By: Mirza Baig Page 2 02 Spent storage acid tank spillage Overflow Leakage in tank Corrosion Skin burning of workers PPE water shower Hand shower Water availability Workers handling acid vassels should be trained. Effected person should use water shower. Flame proof electrical fittings should be provided. Calcium hydroxide should be available for neutralizing acid spill. 03 Linear alkyl benzene storage tank spillage Tank leakage Leakage from pipes, pumps, flages. Overflow Skin effect Fire Fire extinguishers provided. Tanks are painted. Showers are provided. PPE provided. No smoking should be allowed. Level indicators to be provided. Float valve should be provided in tanks.
- 3. HAZOP STUDY FOR SLURRY PLANT Date: 04/02/2022, RSPL Raipur Prepared By: Mirza Baig Page 3 Foam type fire extinguisher provided. Tank is grounded (Earthing) Affected person should use water shower. 04 Sulphonator/Reacto r Rise in temperatur e Fast mixing of water Wastage of product. Skin Burning. Water jacket provided to vessel for cooling. Air vent provided Mixing of water should be in a controlled manner. Thermocouple Indicator for sulphonator to control temperature rise. Pressure Guage 05 Transportation of chemicals through pipe & pumps (Sulphuric Acid). Leakage Corrosion Skin Burn Pollution Scheduled Maintenance PPE Spillage Kit Water Shower MSDS Displayed Collecting pit provided Up gradation of piping system to non-corrosive pipes. 06 Transportation of Leakage Corrosion Fire Scheduled MSDS should be
- 4. HAZOP STUDY FOR SLURRY PLANT Date: 04/02/2022, RSPL Raipur Prepared By: Mirza Baig Page 4 chemicals through pipe & pumps (Linear alkyl benzene). Chemical reaction to skin (Slow). Maintenance PPE Grounding of Tank (Earthing) Water Shower displayed at location. Hazop Team: Chairman: Mirza Baig ________________________ Members: Manish Rao, EHS Officer, RSPL Limited, Raipur ________________________ Jaswinder Singh, Plant Head, RSPL Limited, Raipur ________________________