This presentation is about the hazards associated with mining working and how they can be assessed to bring them to tolerable level which is the prime concern of an industry to enhance the productivity along with the saftey.

1. Presented By
Gopal Karmakar
Department of Mining Engineering
Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology
Shibpur
Roll:511214015
Hazard Identification and Risk Analysis in Mining
Industry

2. Outline
 Introduction
 Need for risk assessment
 Objective
 Accidents in mines and their analysis
 Accident statistics in Indian mines
 Risk assessment
 Hazard identification and risk analysis
 Discussion and conclusion

3. Introduction
 Safety is the prime concern
 Mining is an hazardous operation
 Unsafe condition lead to accident
 Estimation of risk level
 What is HIRA?

4. Need for risk assessment
 Level of risk
 Understanding the hazard
 Helps to make decision
 Implementation of safety improvements

5. Objective
 Review of accidents in mines and their analysis
 Study of risk assessment methodologies
 Application of Hazard Identification and Risk analysis for
improvement of workplace safety in mines

6. Hazards in Different Operation and Precaution
in Surface Mines
 Surveying
 Clearance
 Drilling
 Explosives
 Face stability
 Loading
 Transporting
 Processing of mineral

7. Surveying
Hazards
 Fall from heights
 Thrown from overturning vehicle.
Control
 By the use of good properly constructed scaffolds

8. Clearance
Hazards
 Struck by falling tree and debris from demolition building
 Use of power saw or by other equipment used for removal of top
soil.
Control
 Can be avoided by using trained operator
 Avoided by wearing full personal protection by operator

9. Drilling
Hazards
 Falling from the edge of a bench.
 Inhalation of dust
 Noise
 Entrapment of being struck by a moving and revolving part of the
drill equipment.
Control
 Proper training
 Suitable fencing
 Replacement of old machines
 Ear protection to operator
 Use of water during drilling

10. Explosives
Hazards
 Poorly designed shots can result in misfires early ignition and flying
rock
Control
 Safety can be ensured by planning for round of shots to ensure
face properly surveyed, holes correctly drilled, direction logged, the
weight of explosion for good fragmentation
 Blast design, charge and fire around of explosives should be
carried out by a trained person

11. Face stability
Hazards
 Rock fall or slide
Control
 Regular examination of face and corresponding measures
 Direction of working according to geologic condition

12. Loading
Hazards
 Rock falling on the driver.
 Failure of hydraulic system.
 Fires
 Fall while gaining access to operating cabin.
 Electrocution in Draglines.
 Failure of wire ropes in Draglines
Control
 Operator cabin should be of suitable strength
 Electric supply with proper earthing and safety devices
 Periodical examination of wire ropes
 Proper positioning of loader

13. Transporting
Hazards
 Brake failure
 Lack of all-around visibility from driver position Vehicle movements
particularly while reversing
 Vibrations
 Vehicle movements particularly while reversing
 Noise
 Dust and maintenance
Control
 Use of closed circuit television and suitable mirrors.
 Edge protection is necessary to prevent inadvertent movement.
 Seatbelt to protect driver in event of vehicle rollover.
 Good maintenance and regular testing necessary to reduce possibility of
brake failure

14. Processing of mineral
Processing of mineral consist of crushing, grinding and screening
Hazards
 High noise
 Blockages
 Dust
 Vibrations
 Chemical additives
Control
 Use of hydraulic hammers to break up blockages
 Provide noise isolators and provide mechanical ventilation systems
designed to remove any harmful dust
 Use of ear plugs
 Adaptation of normal preventative measures such as substitution
automated pipe feeds personal protection

15. Hazards in Different Operation and Precaution
in Underground Mines
 Fall of roof and sides
 Air blast
 Rope haulage
 Electrical hazards
 Fire hazard
 Inundations
 Ventilation
 Illumination

16. Fall of roof and sides
Control
 Roof and side of working should be kept secure
 Support should be set as per systematic support rules
 Fencing should be provided in unauthorized area.
 Workers should not be permitted to work under unsupported roof.
 Safety prop with drawers should be used.
 Temporary supports should be provided before clearing roof

17. Air blast
Control
 Extensive area of un-collapsed roof should not be allowed to exist.
 Seams with strong and massive roof rocks more no. of entries
should be kept open
 Shelters should be provided at suitable sites
 Installation of warning system to warn people about imminent air
blast

18. Rope haulage
Hazards
 Runaway of tubs due to breakage of rope, failure of attachment to rope,
failure of couplings and drawbars
 Non functionality of safety devices
 Travelling along haulage roadway.
 Uncontrolled movement of tubs.
 Derailment of tubs
 Poor construction of curves.
Control
 Rope should be selected properly and maintained with care
 Unauthorized travelling on haulage roadways should be strictly
prohibited.
 Bad patches in the track should be corrected
 Haulage curves should be properly designed and constructed

19. Electrical hazards
Hazards
 Electric shock and/or burn
 Ignition of firedamp or coal dust.
 Fire arising from electric defects.
Control
 Regular Inspection of equipment
 Inspection of earthing point regularly
 Use of flameproof and intrinsically safe apparatus.
 Cables should be provided with double wire armouring

20. Fire hazard
Control
 No petrol power equipment must be permitted
 Hard held extinguishers should be provided in various places in
mines
 Storage of flammable substances must be minimized
 All underground equipment containing more than 100 litres of
flammable hydraulic fluid must be fitted with an automatic
suppression system with suitable manual activation

21. Inundations
Control
 No working should be done vertically below any river, lake or other
reservoir
 Shaft sites should be located away from faults and other geological
disturbances.
 All abandoned shaft and boreholes not required for any purpose
should be filled up with debris and sealing material.
 Highly water bearing strata in the vicinity of the proposed working
mining should be so planned as not to disturb the water bearing
strata
 Lowest point of opening should not be less than 1.5m above the
highest flood level

22. Ventilation
Hazards
 Failing of cooling system
 Oxygen deficiency (<19%)
 Gas evolution from coal >1.25%
 Presence of CO > 50ppm
 Presence of CO2 > 1%
 Presence of H2S > 20ppm
 Presence of NOX
 Increase in temperature due to rock temperature and heats from
machines
Control
 Regulative measures to be taken accordingly

23. Illumination
Hazards
 Insufficient illumination system
Control
 Permanent lighting should be provided in places where equipment
can be hazardous
 Separate and independent emergency light source

24. Accident Statistics in Indian Mines

25. Cause wise accidents in Indian Coal Mines

26. Cause wise accidents in Indian Metal Mines

27. Risk assessment Procedure
There are five steps in risk assessment
1. Hazard Identification
2. Risk Assessment
3. Risk Control
4. Implementation of risk control
5. Monitor and Review

28. Risk assessment Procedure

29. Methodologies for Risk Analysis
 Qualitative methods
 Semi quantitative methods
 Quantitative methods

30. Qualitative methods

31. Qualitative methods
c

32. Semi-quantitative Method

33. Quantitative Method

34. Discussion
 Mining is a hazardous operation
 Production should be done with adequate safety
 Identification and control of undesirable events helps to maintain
safety in workplace

35. Conclusion
Safety is the lock but you are the
key

36. THANK
YOU