Hydrogen has the potential to replace fossil fuels as a renewable and environmentally friendly energy source. It can be produced through various methods, such as steam reforming of methane or electrolysis of water, and emits only water when used in fuel cells to generate energy. While hydrogen has a higher gravimetric energy density than fossil fuels, its volumetric energy density is lower. The document discusses hydrogen's role as a future energy carrier and storage medium that could power transportation, buildings, and other sectors in the 21st century more efficiently and sustainably than current energy systems.

1. Hydrogen as a Future Energy Carrier
1Department of Physics, S.S Jain Subodh P.G. (Autonomous) college Jaipur-302004
ABSTRACT
Nowadays, hydrogen has been considered as prominent fuel which is renewable, environmentally friendly and also has the capability to
replace current fossil fuel based energy infrastructure. Hydrogen is not a primary energy source; it can store, transport, and deliver the energy.
In contrast to fossil fuels such as gasoline, diesel, etc. which emit greenhouse gases, it emits only water as byproduct when converted to
electrical energy. The gravimetric energy content of hydrogen is 2–3 times higher than conventional fuels; however, the volumetric energy
density is quite low in comparison to conventional fuels. Hydrogen energy involves the use of hydrogen and hydrogen-containing
compounds to generate energy to be supplied to all practical uses needed with high energy efficiency, overwhelming environmental and
social benefits, as well as economic competitiveness. The world is presently experimenting the dawning of hydrogen energy in all sectors
that includes energy production, storage, and distribution; electricity, heat, and cooling for buildings and households; a renewable circular
sustainable fuel utilization cycle that will characterize the highly efficient engineering and the energy technological choices of the 21st
century.
Introduction
• Hydrogen is the most abundant element in
the universe, it does not naturally exit in its
elemental form on earth.
• Pure hydrogen must be produced from
other hydrogen containing components
such as fossil fuel, biomass or water.
• Current leading technology for producing
hydrogen in large quantities is steam
reforming of methane gas.
Producing Hydrogen
There are many viable means to produce 𝐻2
Some common methods are :-
1. Steam reforming
2. From coal
3. Electrolysis
4. Thermolysis
5. Photocatalytic
6. Bio catalysed electrolysis
7. Photocatalytic water splitting
Fuel cell
• Conversion of the fuel to energy takes
place via an electrochemical process, not
combustion. It is clean quiet and highly
efficient than fuel burning.
• Fuel cells now indevlopment will provide
new way to produce power, especially in
transportation applications.
• A fuel cell does not run down or require
recharging.
Future work
We encourage future research in three main areas
1. Compare the lifecycle efficiencies among the
hydrogen pathways.
2. Evaluate potential government policies and
financial incentives that encourage hydrogen
storage our battery storage.
3. The impact of new material advancement on the
cost effectiveness of hydrogen generation on
storage.