A mobile parallel robot used for pipeline inspection is analyzed. The robot consists of single modules resembling a snake. The study determines the robot's singularity-free workspace and derives optimal geometric parameters. When passing through sharp corners in the pipe, the robot encounters singular configurations that disrupt mobility. To overcome this, prismatic joints are added to the arms, allowing continuous singularity-free motion across corners through optimal control strategies like path following control and gradient ascent to maximize arm length. Simulation results demonstrate the robot can navigate corners without getting stuck, leading to a continuous singularity-free workspace.
This document summarizes the design, assembly, working, and testing of a pipe inspection robot. Key points include:
1) The robot's mechanical linkage mechanism converts rotary motion to linear motion, allowing it to expand and contract between diameters of 13 and 8 inches to move through pipes.
2) The electrical components including sensors, microcontroller, and motors are assembled and allow the robot to be controlled remotely by a computer. Temperature, gas, and camera sensors provide data to the computer.
3) Testing showed the robot could successfully travel forward and backward through an 8-inch pipe, with no visual defects detected. Temperature and gas readings were also taken successfully during testing.
This document describes the design of a pipe inspection robot. The robot is designed to crawl inside pipes and use a camera to identify defects. It uses a four-bar linkage mechanism with wheels connected by links to move inside pipes of varying diameters. The objectives are to fabricate the robot using CAD, determine the required motor torque and voltage, and test its ability to move inside pipes. Experiments are conducted to validate the design in pipes of different orientations. The robot is able to successfully inspect pipes and transmit video to identify cracks and corrosion.
Design Of Fibrication And Pipe Inspection RobotSuchit Moon
This document describes the design and fabrication of a pipe inspection robot. The robot is intended to autonomously inspect pipes to detect issues like corrosion, cracking, or other damage. It utilizes a video camera and electronic control systems to provide visual feedback from inside pipes to operators. The robot is designed to reliably operate in dark, confined, and wet pipe environments. It incorporates commonly available components to keep costs low and allow for potential on-site repairs. The document outlines the redesign of an existing pipe inspection robot using these principles.
This document presents a pipe inspection robot designed to traverse inside pipes with forward and backward motion. The robot is meant to move through pipes of various diameters. It uses a mechanical design with angled passive wheels that remain parallel to the pipe surface to prevent engaging with walls. The robot has applications in pipe inspection, locating holes, painting pipes from the inside, and material dosing through pipes. Future developments include coupling the robot's hands to prevent wobbling and adding a wireless controller and battery for longer inspections.
This document summarizes a study that performed multi-objective design optimization of a leg mechanism for a piping inspection robot. Three leg mechanism architectures were considered: a slot-follower mechanism, a 4-bar crank and slider mechanism, and a 6-bar crank and slider mechanism. The objectives of the optimization were to minimize the size of the mechanism and maximize the transmission force factor. The optimization determined the optimal geometric parameters for each mechanism under constraints related to the pipe dimensions and forces. Representations of the Pareto fronts and CAD models of optimized mechanism solutions are presented.
The document presents a study on using acoustic emission monitoring to map electrical discharge machining (EDM) processes. Previous work on locating EDM discharges is reviewed. An experiment uses two acoustic sensors to determine discharge locations in wire and fast hole EDM based on signal arrival times and time lags. Frequency analysis and spectrograms are used to identify consistent peaks to estimate arrival times. The concept is demonstrated by estimating electrode length in fast hole EDM and workpiece height in wire EDM within 1 mm accuracy. Challenges of superposed acoustic waves are addressed using signal processing methods.
The document describes research into developing a pneumatic sensor for non-contact roughness assessment of moving surfaces. Issues with existing optical sensors in the presence of debris and cutting fluid are discussed. Experimental results show the sensor can distinguish between different roughness levels on stationary and rotating surfaces, and is minimally affected by cutting fluid. Future work aims to better understand jet impingement physics and apply the technique to in-process monitoring applications.
This document summarizes the design, assembly, working, and testing of a pipe inspection robot. Key points include:
1) The robot's mechanical linkage mechanism converts rotary motion to linear motion, allowing it to expand and contract between diameters of 13 and 8 inches to move through pipes.
2) The electrical components including sensors, microcontroller, and motors are assembled and allow the robot to be controlled remotely by a computer. Temperature, gas, and camera sensors provide data to the computer.
3) Testing showed the robot could successfully travel forward and backward through an 8-inch pipe, with no visual defects detected. Temperature and gas readings were also taken successfully during testing.
This document describes the design of a pipe inspection robot. The robot is designed to crawl inside pipes and use a camera to identify defects. It uses a four-bar linkage mechanism with wheels connected by links to move inside pipes of varying diameters. The objectives are to fabricate the robot using CAD, determine the required motor torque and voltage, and test its ability to move inside pipes. Experiments are conducted to validate the design in pipes of different orientations. The robot is able to successfully inspect pipes and transmit video to identify cracks and corrosion.
Design Of Fibrication And Pipe Inspection RobotSuchit Moon
This document describes the design and fabrication of a pipe inspection robot. The robot is intended to autonomously inspect pipes to detect issues like corrosion, cracking, or other damage. It utilizes a video camera and electronic control systems to provide visual feedback from inside pipes to operators. The robot is designed to reliably operate in dark, confined, and wet pipe environments. It incorporates commonly available components to keep costs low and allow for potential on-site repairs. The document outlines the redesign of an existing pipe inspection robot using these principles.
This document presents a pipe inspection robot designed to traverse inside pipes with forward and backward motion. The robot is meant to move through pipes of various diameters. It uses a mechanical design with angled passive wheels that remain parallel to the pipe surface to prevent engaging with walls. The robot has applications in pipe inspection, locating holes, painting pipes from the inside, and material dosing through pipes. Future developments include coupling the robot's hands to prevent wobbling and adding a wireless controller and battery for longer inspections.
This document summarizes a study that performed multi-objective design optimization of a leg mechanism for a piping inspection robot. Three leg mechanism architectures were considered: a slot-follower mechanism, a 4-bar crank and slider mechanism, and a 6-bar crank and slider mechanism. The objectives of the optimization were to minimize the size of the mechanism and maximize the transmission force factor. The optimization determined the optimal geometric parameters for each mechanism under constraints related to the pipe dimensions and forces. Representations of the Pareto fronts and CAD models of optimized mechanism solutions are presented.
The document presents a study on using acoustic emission monitoring to map electrical discharge machining (EDM) processes. Previous work on locating EDM discharges is reviewed. An experiment uses two acoustic sensors to determine discharge locations in wire and fast hole EDM based on signal arrival times and time lags. Frequency analysis and spectrograms are used to identify consistent peaks to estimate arrival times. The concept is demonstrated by estimating electrode length in fast hole EDM and workpiece height in wire EDM within 1 mm accuracy. Challenges of superposed acoustic waves are addressed using signal processing methods.
The document describes research into developing a pneumatic sensor for non-contact roughness assessment of moving surfaces. Issues with existing optical sensors in the presence of debris and cutting fluid are discussed. Experimental results show the sensor can distinguish between different roughness levels on stationary and rotating surfaces, and is minimally affected by cutting fluid. Future work aims to better understand jet impingement physics and apply the technique to in-process monitoring applications.
El documento presenta la placa Arduino UNO, que incluye 14 pines digitales de entrada/salida, 6 entradas analógicas, un cristal de cuarzo de 16 MHz, una conexión USB, un conector de alimentación y un botón de reinicio. La placa contiene todo lo necesario para apoyar al microcontrolador ATmega328P y puede programarse fácilmente conectándola a un ordenador o una fuente de alimentación. El documento también menciona dos programas populares para programar Arduino UNO: el programa oficial Arduino y Scr
Here are three key actions that can help build trust on a team:
1. Make the choice to be vulnerable. As a team, commit to creating an emotionally and psychologically safe
environment by being open about weaknesses and mistakes. Acknowledge your own vulnerabilities and see them
as an important part of being human. Accepting vulnerabilities creates confidence in the rest of the team.
2. Ask questions of each other. Make a conscious effort as a team to ask questions about fears, weaknesses, or
what others really think or feel. Asking questions is a way to better understand teammates and appreciate individual
perspectives. It also creates an accepting environment for others to open up.
3. Speak positively about teammates when
Система улучшения взаимодействий между поставщиком и его заказчиками.
НАША СИСТЕМА ИМЕННО ДЛЯ ВАС
Ваша компания предлагает широкий ассортимент товаров?
Вы постоянно работаете над тем, чтобы покупатели получали актуальные прайс-листы в более удобном виде?
Обновление цен и добавление в прайс-листы новой продукции занимает огромное количество времени?
Поддержка Интернет-магазина отнимает слишком много ресурсов?
Все Ваши усилия построены на повышение продаж?
Chuck Apple received an individual Time Mastery Profile report from Apple Coaching Group. The report provides an overview of time management concepts and analyzes Chuck's time management habits and skills. It identifies areas where Chuck can improve and develop stronger time management habits. The report encourages Chuck to focus first on two or three key areas that are important to his job and that he believes he can most easily control and change. This will help Chuck develop a targeted action plan to enhance his time mastery.
The document lists six model making projects completed by Mary Taylor, including a ledge house, chicken point cabin, prairie ridge ecostation, and multiple models for a Lake Tahoe residence. Each project includes a label of the model and notes indicating it was a sketch model or the numbered model in the series completed by Mary Taylor.
ЭЛЕКТРОННАЯ ПРОГРАММА ДЛЯ ПОСТАВЩИКОВ И ИХ ЗАКАЗЧИКОВ
Мой Поставщик» - программное обеспечение для создания электронного каталога, работы с клиентами и обработки заказов.
Целью проекта является повышение прибыльности бизнеса, путем решения проблем отдела продаж в процессе обработки заказов клиентов с помощью более эффективного и более полного использования информационных технологий, что предполагает внедрение программы для автоматизированной обработки заказов клиентов.
Shanmuganthan Vaithilingam has extensive experience working in various countries including Sri Lanka, India, Mauritius, and the United States. He has expertise in many areas including business, politics, nonprofit work, and international relations. Currently, he works as the founder of EverGreen Award, a California nonprofit, and co-founder of the International Cultural Business Forum.
Efficient analytical and hybrid simulations using OpenSeesopenseesdays
The document discusses efficient analytical and hybrid simulations using OpenSees. It describes overcoming convergence challenges in analytical simulation through evaluating time integrators and solution algorithms. A Lyapunov-based nonlinear solution algorithm is developed for improved convergence. Direct element removal is discussed for progressive collapse simulation. Hybrid simulation applications to wind turbine blades and curtain wall systems are also mentioned.
This document presents a research thesis on autonomous mobile robot navigation with velocity constraints. The thesis proposes two approaches for computing time-optimal paths for a robot between obstacles while satisfying safety constraints related to braking and turning radius. The first approach models an augmented configuration space incorporating position and velocity parameters, and uses this to compute an approximated optimal path. The second approach applies calculus of variations and properties of convex paths to compute a globally time-optimal path by constructing a "speed graph" and performing graph searches and path smoothing. Both methods aim to satisfy safety constraints so the robot does not slide or tip over during high-speed navigation.
Complete Coverage Navigation for Autonomous Clay Roller in Salt-Farming Appli...Norawit Nangsue`
This document summarizes a presentation about developing complete coverage navigation for an autonomous clay roller used in salt farming. It describes:
1) The basic salt farming process in Thailand and why smoothing fields is important.
2) How a clay roller is currently used manually to smooth fields.
3) The development of path planning and tracking algorithms to allow the clay roller to autonomously smooth fields with complete coverage. This includes algorithms for rear-steering bicycle kinematics, global path planning, local path tracking, and velocity control.
4) Test results showing the autonomous system achieved 97.3% coverage planning and 95.8% coverage in testing over 34 minutes.
SkySweeper is a high wire robot designed to maneuver on power lines. It has two identical links connected by a rotary actuator hub, and each link has a 3-position clamp. It can translate using an "inchworm" gait by alternating clamp positions. It can also perform swing-up and backflip maneuvers to circumvent obstacles by controlling clamp positions and actuator torque. Dynamics and control are modeled using Lagrangian mechanics. Hardware uses 3D printed parts, off-the-shelf electronics, and series elastic actuators. Simulation matches experimental results of maneuvers like inchworm locomotion.
Robot navigation in unknown environment with obstacle recognition using laser...IJECEIAES
Robot navigation in unknown and dynamic environments may result in aimless wandering, corner traps and repetitive path loops. To address these issues, this paper presents the solution by comparing the standard deviation of the distance ranges of the obstacles appeared in the robot navigation path. For the similar obstacles, The standard deviations of distance range vectors, obtained from the laser range finder sensor of the robot at similar pose, are very close to each other. Therefore, the measurements of odometer sensor are also combined with the standard deviation to recognize the location of the obstacles. A novel algorithm, with obstacle detection feature, is presented for robot navigation in unknown and dynamic environments. The algorithm checks the similarity of the distance range vectors of the obstacles in the path and uses this information in combination with the odometer measurements to identify the obstacles and their locations. The experimental work is carried out using Gazebo simulator.
Computational Estimation of Flow through the C-D Supersonic Nozzle and Impuls...IJMTST Journal
In this paper, CFD analysis of flow within, Convergent – Divergent rectangular super sonic nozzle and super sonic impulse turbine with partial admission have been performed. The analysis has been performed according to shape of a super sonic nozzle and length of axial clearance and the objective is to investigate the effect of nozzle-rotor interaction on turbine’s performance. It is found that nozzle-rotor interaction losses are largely dependent on axial clearance, which affects the flow within nozzle and the extent of flow expansion. Therefore selecting appropriate length of axial clearance can decrease nozzle-rotor interaction losses. The work is carried in two stages:1) Modeling and analysis of flow for rectangular convergent divergent super sonic nozzle. 2) Prediction of optimal axial gap between the nozzle and rotor blades by allowing the above nozzle flow. In the present work, using a finite volume commercial code, ANSYS FLUENT 14.5, carries out flow through the convergent divergent nozzle study. The nozzle geometry is modeled and grid is generated using ANSYS14.5 Software. Computational results are in good agreement with the experimental ones.
IJERD (www.ijerd.com) International Journal of Engineering Research and Devel...IJERD Editor
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new design methodology for a roll position demand autopilot for guided missiles. The design is based on state feedback using Ackermann pole placement and a reduced order observer. The open-loop unstable roll control model is stabilized using state feedback and pole placement. Actuator dynamics are included. Simulation results show the new design significantly improves responses over previous frequency domain designs by eliminating overshoots and reducing maximum roll rates and aileron deflections. A reduced order Das & Ghosal observer is used to estimate unmeasurable states like aileron angle and rate.
Precision robotic assembly using attractive regionsijmech
This document summarizes a research paper on precision robotic assembly using attractive regions. The key points are:
1) Researchers developed a new method to decompose the 6-dimensional configuration space of a peg-in-hole assembly task into two 3D subspaces using the concept of "attractive regions."
2) An impedance controller is integrated with the attractive regions approach to allow the robotic system to achieve human-like assembly performance without force sensing.
3) The approach is experimentally validated using a 7 degree-of-freedom robotic arm to insert three different prismatic pegs into holes on a fixed base, guided by stereo vision identification of the parts.
The document describes a proposed project to design an autonomous mobile robot for waste collection using computer vision and machine learning algorithms. The objective is to collect solid garbage without human intervention. The robot will use a camera module, ORB algorithm for object detection, and LSD-SLAM algorithm for path navigation. Literature on the ORB, FAST, and LSD-SLAM algorithms is reviewed, along with results from testing these algorithms on sample images. Challenges faced in implementing the system on a Raspberry Pi are also discussed.
The window functions used for digital filter design are used to eliminate oscillations in
the FIR (Finite Impulse Response) filter design. In this work, the use of Particle Swarm Optimization
(PSO) algorithm is proposed in the design of cosh window function, in which has widely used in the
literature and has useful spectral parameters. The cosh window is a window function derived from the
Kaiser window. It is more advantageous than the Kaiser window because there is no power series
expansion in the time domain representation. The designed window function shows better ripple ratio
characteristics than other window functions commonly used in the literature. The results obtained
were presented in tables and figures and successful results were obtained
The document describes the development of a low-cost robotic arm sample changer for a neutron powder diffractometer. A $500 hobby robotic arm was modified with an antibacklash spring and used to retrieve samples stored horizontally on a sample plate. Self-centering mechanisms like conical surfaces and magnets helped ensure reproducibility despite imprecisions in the arm. Programming techniques like common starting positions and minimal on-time further reduced errors. The system demonstrated that inexpensive model robots can automate simple crystallography tasks when advanced options are prohibitive due to space or funding.
El documento presenta la placa Arduino UNO, que incluye 14 pines digitales de entrada/salida, 6 entradas analógicas, un cristal de cuarzo de 16 MHz, una conexión USB, un conector de alimentación y un botón de reinicio. La placa contiene todo lo necesario para apoyar al microcontrolador ATmega328P y puede programarse fácilmente conectándola a un ordenador o una fuente de alimentación. El documento también menciona dos programas populares para programar Arduino UNO: el programa oficial Arduino y Scr
Here are three key actions that can help build trust on a team:
1. Make the choice to be vulnerable. As a team, commit to creating an emotionally and psychologically safe
environment by being open about weaknesses and mistakes. Acknowledge your own vulnerabilities and see them
as an important part of being human. Accepting vulnerabilities creates confidence in the rest of the team.
2. Ask questions of each other. Make a conscious effort as a team to ask questions about fears, weaknesses, or
what others really think or feel. Asking questions is a way to better understand teammates and appreciate individual
perspectives. It also creates an accepting environment for others to open up.
3. Speak positively about teammates when
Система улучшения взаимодействий между поставщиком и его заказчиками.
НАША СИСТЕМА ИМЕННО ДЛЯ ВАС
Ваша компания предлагает широкий ассортимент товаров?
Вы постоянно работаете над тем, чтобы покупатели получали актуальные прайс-листы в более удобном виде?
Обновление цен и добавление в прайс-листы новой продукции занимает огромное количество времени?
Поддержка Интернет-магазина отнимает слишком много ресурсов?
Все Ваши усилия построены на повышение продаж?
Chuck Apple received an individual Time Mastery Profile report from Apple Coaching Group. The report provides an overview of time management concepts and analyzes Chuck's time management habits and skills. It identifies areas where Chuck can improve and develop stronger time management habits. The report encourages Chuck to focus first on two or three key areas that are important to his job and that he believes he can most easily control and change. This will help Chuck develop a targeted action plan to enhance his time mastery.
The document lists six model making projects completed by Mary Taylor, including a ledge house, chicken point cabin, prairie ridge ecostation, and multiple models for a Lake Tahoe residence. Each project includes a label of the model and notes indicating it was a sketch model or the numbered model in the series completed by Mary Taylor.
ЭЛЕКТРОННАЯ ПРОГРАММА ДЛЯ ПОСТАВЩИКОВ И ИХ ЗАКАЗЧИКОВ
Мой Поставщик» - программное обеспечение для создания электронного каталога, работы с клиентами и обработки заказов.
Целью проекта является повышение прибыльности бизнеса, путем решения проблем отдела продаж в процессе обработки заказов клиентов с помощью более эффективного и более полного использования информационных технологий, что предполагает внедрение программы для автоматизированной обработки заказов клиентов.
Shanmuganthan Vaithilingam has extensive experience working in various countries including Sri Lanka, India, Mauritius, and the United States. He has expertise in many areas including business, politics, nonprofit work, and international relations. Currently, he works as the founder of EverGreen Award, a California nonprofit, and co-founder of the International Cultural Business Forum.
Efficient analytical and hybrid simulations using OpenSeesopenseesdays
The document discusses efficient analytical and hybrid simulations using OpenSees. It describes overcoming convergence challenges in analytical simulation through evaluating time integrators and solution algorithms. A Lyapunov-based nonlinear solution algorithm is developed for improved convergence. Direct element removal is discussed for progressive collapse simulation. Hybrid simulation applications to wind turbine blades and curtain wall systems are also mentioned.
This document presents a research thesis on autonomous mobile robot navigation with velocity constraints. The thesis proposes two approaches for computing time-optimal paths for a robot between obstacles while satisfying safety constraints related to braking and turning radius. The first approach models an augmented configuration space incorporating position and velocity parameters, and uses this to compute an approximated optimal path. The second approach applies calculus of variations and properties of convex paths to compute a globally time-optimal path by constructing a "speed graph" and performing graph searches and path smoothing. Both methods aim to satisfy safety constraints so the robot does not slide or tip over during high-speed navigation.
Complete Coverage Navigation for Autonomous Clay Roller in Salt-Farming Appli...Norawit Nangsue`
This document summarizes a presentation about developing complete coverage navigation for an autonomous clay roller used in salt farming. It describes:
1) The basic salt farming process in Thailand and why smoothing fields is important.
2) How a clay roller is currently used manually to smooth fields.
3) The development of path planning and tracking algorithms to allow the clay roller to autonomously smooth fields with complete coverage. This includes algorithms for rear-steering bicycle kinematics, global path planning, local path tracking, and velocity control.
4) Test results showing the autonomous system achieved 97.3% coverage planning and 95.8% coverage in testing over 34 minutes.
SkySweeper is a high wire robot designed to maneuver on power lines. It has two identical links connected by a rotary actuator hub, and each link has a 3-position clamp. It can translate using an "inchworm" gait by alternating clamp positions. It can also perform swing-up and backflip maneuvers to circumvent obstacles by controlling clamp positions and actuator torque. Dynamics and control are modeled using Lagrangian mechanics. Hardware uses 3D printed parts, off-the-shelf electronics, and series elastic actuators. Simulation matches experimental results of maneuvers like inchworm locomotion.
Robot navigation in unknown environment with obstacle recognition using laser...IJECEIAES
Robot navigation in unknown and dynamic environments may result in aimless wandering, corner traps and repetitive path loops. To address these issues, this paper presents the solution by comparing the standard deviation of the distance ranges of the obstacles appeared in the robot navigation path. For the similar obstacles, The standard deviations of distance range vectors, obtained from the laser range finder sensor of the robot at similar pose, are very close to each other. Therefore, the measurements of odometer sensor are also combined with the standard deviation to recognize the location of the obstacles. A novel algorithm, with obstacle detection feature, is presented for robot navigation in unknown and dynamic environments. The algorithm checks the similarity of the distance range vectors of the obstacles in the path and uses this information in combination with the odometer measurements to identify the obstacles and their locations. The experimental work is carried out using Gazebo simulator.
Computational Estimation of Flow through the C-D Supersonic Nozzle and Impuls...IJMTST Journal
In this paper, CFD analysis of flow within, Convergent – Divergent rectangular super sonic nozzle and super sonic impulse turbine with partial admission have been performed. The analysis has been performed according to shape of a super sonic nozzle and length of axial clearance and the objective is to investigate the effect of nozzle-rotor interaction on turbine’s performance. It is found that nozzle-rotor interaction losses are largely dependent on axial clearance, which affects the flow within nozzle and the extent of flow expansion. Therefore selecting appropriate length of axial clearance can decrease nozzle-rotor interaction losses. The work is carried in two stages:1) Modeling and analysis of flow for rectangular convergent divergent super sonic nozzle. 2) Prediction of optimal axial gap between the nozzle and rotor blades by allowing the above nozzle flow. In the present work, using a finite volume commercial code, ANSYS FLUENT 14.5, carries out flow through the convergent divergent nozzle study. The nozzle geometry is modeled and grid is generated using ANSYS14.5 Software. Computational results are in good agreement with the experimental ones.
IJERD (www.ijerd.com) International Journal of Engineering Research and Devel...IJERD Editor
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new design methodology for a roll position demand autopilot for guided missiles. The design is based on state feedback using Ackermann pole placement and a reduced order observer. The open-loop unstable roll control model is stabilized using state feedback and pole placement. Actuator dynamics are included. Simulation results show the new design significantly improves responses over previous frequency domain designs by eliminating overshoots and reducing maximum roll rates and aileron deflections. A reduced order Das & Ghosal observer is used to estimate unmeasurable states like aileron angle and rate.
Precision robotic assembly using attractive regionsijmech
This document summarizes a research paper on precision robotic assembly using attractive regions. The key points are:
1) Researchers developed a new method to decompose the 6-dimensional configuration space of a peg-in-hole assembly task into two 3D subspaces using the concept of "attractive regions."
2) An impedance controller is integrated with the attractive regions approach to allow the robotic system to achieve human-like assembly performance without force sensing.
3) The approach is experimentally validated using a 7 degree-of-freedom robotic arm to insert three different prismatic pegs into holes on a fixed base, guided by stereo vision identification of the parts.
The document describes a proposed project to design an autonomous mobile robot for waste collection using computer vision and machine learning algorithms. The objective is to collect solid garbage without human intervention. The robot will use a camera module, ORB algorithm for object detection, and LSD-SLAM algorithm for path navigation. Literature on the ORB, FAST, and LSD-SLAM algorithms is reviewed, along with results from testing these algorithms on sample images. Challenges faced in implementing the system on a Raspberry Pi are also discussed.
The window functions used for digital filter design are used to eliminate oscillations in
the FIR (Finite Impulse Response) filter design. In this work, the use of Particle Swarm Optimization
(PSO) algorithm is proposed in the design of cosh window function, in which has widely used in the
literature and has useful spectral parameters. The cosh window is a window function derived from the
Kaiser window. It is more advantageous than the Kaiser window because there is no power series
expansion in the time domain representation. The designed window function shows better ripple ratio
characteristics than other window functions commonly used in the literature. The results obtained
were presented in tables and figures and successful results were obtained
The document describes the development of a low-cost robotic arm sample changer for a neutron powder diffractometer. A $500 hobby robotic arm was modified with an antibacklash spring and used to retrieve samples stored horizontally on a sample plate. Self-centering mechanisms like conical surfaces and magnets helped ensure reproducibility despite imprecisions in the arm. Programming techniques like common starting positions and minimal on-time further reduced errors. The system demonstrated that inexpensive model robots can automate simple crystallography tasks when advanced options are prohibitive due to space or funding.
This document describes research on a hexapod robot called COMET-IV that uses a laser range finder (LRF) to assist with force-based walking. It discusses the robot's configuration including its dimensions, sensors, and control system. An algorithm is proposed that uses the LRF to build a 3D grid map of obstacles in the environment and dynamically adjusts the robot's stable walking range based on force feedback. Experiments show the vision-assisted approach provides more stable walking behavior compared to no vision input. Future work is planned to further integrate sensor data and control leg movements for varied terrain.
A NOVEL NN OUTPUT FEEDBACK CONTROL LAW FOR QUAD ROTOR UAVIJARIDEA Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a novel neural network output feedback control law for quad rotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The control law uses the inherent underactuation of quad rotors to generate virtual control inputs that enable the UAV to track a desired trajectory despite unknown disturbances. A neural network observer is used to estimate the infinite states of the system, and a novel neural network virtual control structure allows desired translational speeds to be controlled via pitch and roll. Lyapunov stability analysis shows that estimation errors, tracking errors, and neural network weights are bounded. The document then provides background on quad rotors, unmanned aerial vehicles, nonlinear control systems, and genetic algorithms.
Experimental Comparison of Trajectory Planning Algorithms for Wheeled Mobile ...IJRES Journal
In this paper, we present an experimental approach to compare various trajectory planning methods for practical application of wheeled mobile robots. The first method generates a trajectory according to the acceleration limits of the mobile robot and its relationship with the curvature of the planned path. The second method is an improvement of the conventional convolution-based trajectory generation method, on which the heading angles of a curved path is being considered. Due to the limited scope of the considered constraints of the previous approaches, A third approach that conserves the merits of the convolution operator is proposed to consider the high curvature turning points of a sophisticated curve such as a Lemniscate of Gerono,which causes geometrical limitations during robot navigation. All methods are compared experimentally on a two-wheeled mobile robot. The goal of the experiment is to determine which approach meets the criteria of time optimality and sampling time uniformity while considering the physical limits of the mobile robot and the geometrical constraints of the planned path.
Controller design for gantry crane system using modified sine cosine optimiza...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The objective of this research paper is to design a control system to optimize the operating works of the gantry crane system. The dynamic model of the gantry crane system is derived in terms of trolley position and payload oscillation, which is highly nonlinear. The crane system should have the capability to transfer the material to destination end with desired speed along with reducing the load oscillation, obtain expected trolley position and preserving the safety. Proposed controlling method is based on the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller with a series differential compensator to control the swinging of the payload and the system trolley movement in order to perform the optimum utilization of the gantry crane. Standard sine cosine optimization algorithm is one of the most-recent optimization techniques based on a stochastic algorithm was presented to tune the PID controller with a series differential compensator. Furthermore, the considered optimization algorithm is modified in order to overcome the inherent drawbacks and solve complex benchmark test functions and to find the optimal design's parameters of the proposed controller. The simulation results show that the modified sine cosine optimization algorithm has better global search performance and exhibits good computational robustness based on test functions. Moreover, the results of testing the gantry crane model reveal that the proposed controller with standard and modified algorithms is effective, feasible and robust in achieving the desired requirements.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
- Prepared a 2D stick model of the bridge in SAP2000 using the properties mentioned in the FHWA Bridge document
- Designed the bridge for linear and non-linear structural models to conduct analyses
- Performed different analyses on the bridge – multimode analysis, pushover analysis, time history analysis and capacity spectrum analysis
- Compared the shear force, bending moment, axial force and displacement values for each abutment and pier from all analyses and critically assessed the bridge performance
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Hassan Thesis Presentation - Dec16
1. KINEMATICS AND
OPTIMAL CONTROL OF A
MOBILE PARALLEL ROBOT FOR
INSPECTION OF PIPE-LIKE
ENVIRONMENTS
Hassan Sarfraz
The Ottawa-Carleton Institute for
Electrical and Computer Engineering
1
4. Contribution
Analysis of a single module of a snake-like
pipeline inspection robot.
Study of Workspace and Singularities
Determination of Optimal Geometry
Optimal Control in a Geometrically Singular pipe
Explorer 10/14 [Photograph]. Retrieved 11 December, 2013, from Pipetel technologies
Inc. http://www.pipetelone.com/explorer_10-14.html
4
5. Single Module: a Mobile Parallel
Robot
qJxJ qx
2121 ,,, ssq
,, GG yxx
5
7. Singular Configurations
Serial Singularity
222222
111111
sin'cos'
sin'cos'
sxsy
sxsy
PP
PP
0det T
qq JJ
Active joints motion resulting in no motion in the end-effector
7
Applied to this robot
Singularity occurs when at least one arm is perpendicular to pipe wall
8. Singular Configurations
Parallel Singularity
0det T
xx JJ
,4,2,0,
0
0sinsin2cos12
21
2121
22
ii
w
wllw
Motion in the end-effector is admitted for motionless active joints
8
Practically, the above condition
is not possible
Analytical expression defining parallel singularity
13. 10
1
max
min
KCI
KCI
1. Forming a Grid on
surface area, Гref
2. Direct Search Algorithm,
Inverse Kinematic Sol.
3. Collision Avoidance
Algorithm
4. Proximity to singularity
Kinematic
Conditioning Index
Singularity-free Workspace, Гsf
Discretization Method
13
14. Proximity to singularity in a Straight pipe
0
5
5
15
15
Singularity-free Workspace, Гsf
14
15. 0
10
10
20
20
Proximity to singularity in 135° elbow
Singularity-free Workspace, Гsf
15
16. Optimization of Geometric
ParametersOptimization Problem Formulation
sf
ref
sf
ahwl
ofContinuity
ConstraintContact
ConstraintAvoidanceCollision
ConstraintAvoidanceySingularit:tosubjected
,,,FMaximize
16
17. PWl 26.0 PWw 5.0
PWh PWa 25.0
Optimization of Geometric
Parameters
Constrained Optimization in a Straight Pipe
Initial Design Parameters
0
15
17
18. PWw 5.0
PWh
Optimization of Geometric
Parameters
Constrained Optimization in a Straight Pipe
PWl 58.0
PWa 96.0
Converged Design Parameters
0
15
18
19. Constrained Optimization in a Straight Pipe
Converged Design Parameters,l
PWa 96.0
Cost function v.s. θ for values of l Average Cost function v.s. l
PWw 5.0
PWh
Optimization of Geometric
Parameters
19
21. Critical Mobility Scenario
• Collision
• Singular Configuration
• Discontinuity in Гsf
Optimal Control in a Geometrically Singular
pipe
21
22. • Prismatic Joints on
the arms
• Additional degrees
of freedom to
overcome
singularities at the
corner
Modified Parallel Mobile Robot
Optimal Control in a Geometrically Singular
pipe
22
24. 1. Forward motion using
Path-Following Control
with proportional term
• Xg, Yg, θ
2. Optimal arm length using
gradient ascent
Path Following and Optimal Trajectories
Optimal Control in a Geometrically Singular
pipe
24
26. Prismatic Arm length vs. Path AbscissaSingularity measure vs. Path Abscissa
Performance Evaluation
Optimal Control in a Geometrically Singular
pipe
26
27. • Continuous Singularity-free
Workspace using Mobile
Parallel Robot with prismatic
arms
• Discontinuity in Singularity-
free Workspace using Mobile
Parallel Robot with rigid arms
vs.
Comparison of Singularity-free Workspace
Optimal Control in a Geometrically Singular
pipe
27
28. Summary and Conclusion
Singular configurations
Singularity-free workspace
Optimization of Geometric Parameters
Mobile robot with discontinuous workspace when
crossing a sharp corner.
Formulated and simulated a kinematical model to
navigate singularity-free across a corner
An Optimal control strategy used to maximize a
performance index and deal with collisions
Proposed Solution leads to continuous singularity-
free workspace.
28
29. Publication
Journal Paper
Lounis Douadi, Davide Spinello, Wail Gueaieb and Hassan Sarfraz. “Planar
kinematics analysis of a snake-like robot”. Robotica.
doi:10.1017/S026357471300091X.
Conference Paper
Davide Spinello, Hassan Sarfraz, Wail Gueaieb, Lounis Douadi, “Critical
Maneuvers of an Autonomous Parallel Robot in a Confined Environment”, In
Proceedings of the International Conference on Mechanical Engineering and
Mechatronics (ICMEM), 8 pp. Paper no. 196, 2013.
29
30. Thank you for your time
Any questions or comments?
30
31. Contact Constraint
Continuity of Гsf
PWwl 2
Optimization of Geometric
MethodOptimization Problem Formulation (continued)
31
My name is Hassan Sarfraz. My thesis is on ‘Kinematics and Optimal Control of a Mobile parallel robot for inspection of pipe-like Environments’ .
Energy Resources are an essential part of every individual’s life.
Population and economic growth is deriving the demand of energy which depends on a reliable supply of energy such as natural gas, diesel, petroleum and other products made from crude oil.
These resources are mainly delivered from large networks of pipelines.
These pipelines are susceptible to corrosion and cracking and therefore requires regular maintenance and inspection.
A flexible multi-body mechanism or a wheeled snake-like robot exhibits excellent mobility in such confined environments.
The modules which are connected using passive revolute joints. Where each module is a parallel mechanism on a mobile platform with 3DOF.
This project was funded through a collaboration with an industrial partner that owns a robotic device for nondestructive inspection in gas pipelines. The device is currently operated manually, and this project is the first step towards the next generation to build an autonomous system for navigation pipe-like environment with suitable sensing.
The goal of this thesis is
Given a confined environment
Analyze the kinematics of the robot
And maximize the reachable workspace
In this project, the emphasis is on a single module that is a parallel robot on a moving platform
My contribution includes
the kinematic analysis in which I study the workspace and singularity of the mobile parallel robot in various pipe structures.
The optimization of geometric parameters of the system to maximize the Singularity-free workspace.
And an optimal control to generate singularity free trajectories when crossing a geometric singularity such as a sharp 90 elbow is proposed.
This is a 3DOF mechanism which comprises of a rigid block with two rigid arms attached to the side of the body and in-contact with the walls.
The mechanism is able to position itself using four active joints located at H1, H2, P1, P2.
The forward motion of the robot is achieved by two active wheels in contact with the walls at P1 and P2 which is modeled here as rolling without slipping.
The parameters which defines the geometry of the robot are L w h and position of the pinning point of arms.
The velocity kinematics equations can be represented in the form of matrix. (J q + J x =0)
The end-effector velocity vector is composed of 3 states, defining the positional and orientation velocities of the robot .
The joint velocity vector is composed of 4 states, defining the angular and positional velocities of the arms and the wheels respectively.
The analytical expressions for the serial and parallel Jacobians have been derived and they depend on the kinematic parameters of the system.
The analytical expressions for the serial and parallel Jacobians have been derived and they depend on the kinematic parameters of the system.
Two types of singularity exist in a parallel mechanism.
A serial singularity exists when a motion in active joints result is no motion in the end-effector.
Theoretically these are the equations which describes the serial singularity and these figures depicts the singular configuration of the robot.
The second type of singularity is a parallel singularity which occurs when a motion in the end-effector exist even when the active joints are motionless.
Parallel singularity exist when width of the payload is equal to zero and both arm overlap each other.
Due to the kinematical constrains imposed on the robot a parallel singularity can never exist. Therefore only serial singularity is considered in our analysis and results.
Four types of pipe-like structures are used as a test bench to determine the singularity-free workspace of the robot.
The pipe structure has a constant width and the curvature of elbow pipes are inspired by industrial standards.
The workspace is computed using a Discretization method.
The test area is divided into multiple cells and a reference workspace region is formed.
A direct search algorithm is performed on each cell which solves the robot’s inverse kinematic equation.
Once a solution exist, a collision avoidance algorithm is run which examines the contact and intersection of all four corners of the module and the rigid arms of the robot with the inner boundaries.
The final step of this analysis is to make sure the robot does not encounter a singular configuration at a given cell position.
Kinematic conditioning index is used to quantify the proximity to a singularity.
The workspace is computed using a Discretization method.
The test area is divided into multiple cells and a reference workspace region is formed.
A direct search algorithm is performed on each cell which solves the robot’s inverse kinematic equation.
Once a solution exist, a collision avoidance algorithm is run which examines the contact and intersection of all four corners of the module and the rigid arms of the robot with the inner boundaries.
The final step of this analysis is to make sure the robot does not encounter a singular configuration at a given cell position.
Kinematic conditioning index is used to quantify the proximity to a singularity.
The workspace is computed using a Discretization method.
The test area is divided into multiple cells and a reference workspace region is formed.
A direct search algorithm is performed on each cell which solves the robot’s inverse kinematic equation.
Once a solution exist, a collision avoidance algorithm is run which examines the contact and intersection of all four corners of the module and the rigid arms of the robot with the inner boundaries.
The final step of this analysis is to make sure the robot does not encounter a singular configuration at a given cell position.
Kinematic conditioning index is used to quantify the proximity to a singularity.
The workspace is computed using a Discretization method.
The test area is divided into multiple cells and a reference workspace region is formed.
A direct search algorithm is performed on each cell which solves the robot’s inverse kinematic equation.
Once a solution exist, a collision avoidance algorithm is run which examines the contact and intersection of all four corners of the module and the rigid arms of the robot with the inner boundaries.
The final step of this analysis is to make sure the robot does not encounter a singular configuration at a given cell position.
Kinematic conditioning index is used to quantify the proximity to a singularity.
The results of singularity-free workspace in a straight pipe is shown
The workspace region is symmetric and resembles the boundary line of the straight pipe.
The width of the workspace decreases as the robot is oriented from -15 to 15
The color coded map shows the variation of KCI on singularity-free workspace region. The center line depict the farthest configuration from singularity.
Same consideration apply here in a 135 elbow pipe
A constraint optimization of the geometric parameters is performed.
The objective is to maximize the singularity-free workspace subjected to the following constraints
Singularity Avoidance
Collision Avoidance
The contact constraint between the wheel and the boundary.
And a resulting workspace which is not disjoint
During the constraint optimization …the payload area denoted by w and h is kept constant and only the length of the arms and their position on the body is optimized.
The singularity-free workspace of the robot is presented when the robot is oriented 0 degree and 15 degrees about the center line of the pipe.
The converged optimal design parameters lead to a larger singularity-free workspace area. And The results are shown below.
These converged values are independent of the initial parameters selected during the optimization process.
These plots shows the converged value of parameter L.
The plot on the left shows the value of the cost function versus the orientation angle of the robot for various values of L. The plot is symmetric about the orientation angle 0 due to the robot’s symmetric design. Moreover the cost function value reduces as the orientation angle diverts from 0 due to possible collision and singularity avoidance.
The plot on the right , shows the average cost function versus parameter L .. Where the value of l=0.58 Wp maximizes the cost function .
Similar analysis performed on a 135 degree elbow pipe gives the following converged values. These values are represented in figure below and a singularity-free workspace using these parameters is also shown on right
When operating autonomously in a pipe-like environment, it is important to obtain a continuous path without singularities.
A typically challenging maneuver is the one related to a sharp 90 degree angled elbow as illustrated in left Figure. A mobility analysis on this type of pipe-like structure shows a discontinuity in the workspace as shown in the figure to the right.
The workspace is discontinuous due to the change in the orientation which in turn implies the constraint violation on the left arm. Furthermore, rolling without slipping constraint is also violated when the left arm collides to the pipe. The left figure shows a robot with one of the configuration leading to discontinuity in the workspace.
We considered to tackle the critical scenario by augmenting the kinematics and introducing prismatic joints on the two arms of the robot. This modification adds additional two degrees of freedom on the robot, where the arms will be able to dynamically change their lengths and avoid collision between the wall as well as singular configurations.
The velocity kinematics equations can be represented in the form of matrix. (J q + J x =0)
The end-effector velocity vector is composed of 5 states, defining the positional and orientation velocities of the robot as well as the velocities of the prismatic joints.
The joint velocity vector is composed of 4 states, defining the angular and positional velocities of the arms and the wheels respectively.
The analytical expressions for the serial and parallel Jacobians have been derived and they depend on the kinematic parameters of the system.
The forward motion of the robot inside the pipe is illustrated by path following control acting on center of mass (G) and orientation of the module.
The optimal arm lengths are obtained by updating the state according to the gradient ascent which maximizes the singularity measure det(JxTJx).
A simulation has been performed using Matlab which shows the path-following of the module and optimal control of the arm lengths.
[Show the video]
Here the robot is to follow the dotted center-line of the pipe and successfully pass through the sharp 90 degree elbow while avoiding collisions and singularities. A collision avoidance algorithm refrains all four corners of the module to come in contact with the inner wall of the pipe. Most importantly, it also avoids collision between the arms and the wall during the turn.
Initially , the robot’s module starts following the line with constant speed and the arms quickly adjust themselves for optimality.
As the robot centers itself in the pipe, the arms of the robot extracts to their maximum lengths. This indicates that as the length of the arms increases the robot moves far from a singular configuration.
As the robot crosses the elbow the arms are dynamically adjusted to avoid singularities as well as collision between the left arm and the wall. In practice the speed of the robot should be reduced in this area for the robot to make adjustments accordingly.
The figure on the left shows how the length of arms d1 and d2 vary as the robot follows the centerline of the pipe. These parameters were set to have an upper bound of 0.55 normalized with respect to the width of the pipe, to reflect the behavior of a prismatic joint. When the robot does not encounter any turn, the prismatic joint length tends to increase to the maximum as it leads the robot as far as possible from singular configuration.
The figure on the right shows the value of the determinant of serial jacobian which is bounded between 0 and 1, while following the desired path. A sudden drop in the value of the index occurs when the robot tries to cross the elbow. It is noted that at this configuration the two arms are close to being normal to the pipe wall causing the robot to be closer to a singular configuration. The fluctuation after the 300th iteration is due to the length of the left arm being adjusted by the collision avoidance algorithm in order for the left wheel to remain in contact with the inner wall to maintain its forward motion.
This slide shows a comparison of singularity-free workspace of mobile robot with rigid arms and with prismatic arms. It can be seen that with the augmented kinematics (prismatic arms) we are able to cross the elbow successfully and achieve a continuous singularity-free workspace.
In summary,
I have presented to you the singular configuration and singularity free workspace of the pipe-like structures.
I have also optimized the geometric parameter which maximizes the singularity-free workspace.
Moreover I have presented to you a critical scenario for a mobile robot which leads to a discontinuity in its workspace. We formulated and simulated a kinematic model to navigate singularity-free across the corner. A path following controller along with optimal control to maximize a performance index was proposed which measures the distance from singularity. Moreover a Collision Avoidance Algorithm was implemented to avoid collisions of the arms and the body of the robot with the inner wall of the pipe. And therefore the proposed solution lead to a continuous singularity-free workspace.
Thank you for your time
The following publications are produced during the work on this thesis
Show initial design parameters
Constrained because w and h are constants due to a need for required hardware area
Show the workspace at theta=0
Present the Converged values and respective workspace (theta=0)
Current initial design parameters were very good estimate
-The workspace looks the same at theta=0 ONLY
- The fact that the converged values effect maximizes the workspace at overall when theta changes from -45 to 45 degrees.
Present the Converged values and respective workspace (theta=0)
Current initial design parameters were very good estimate
-The workspace looks the same at theta=0 ONLY
- The fact that the converged values effect maximizes the workspace at overall when theta changes from -45 to 45 degrees.