FROM HARICHAND

1. gnvgvbe
nwiPuv` VvKzi
(1812 Ñ 1878)
cÖ t Avh©Ðc~e© fvi‡Z ag©xq I mvgvwRK Ae¯’vb Kxiƒc wQj?
D t Avh©Ðc~e© fvi‡Z cÖvPxb Kvj †_‡KB GK DbœZ mf¨Zv M‡o D‡VwQj|
†mB mf¨Zv wmÜzmf¨Zv bv‡g cwiwPZ| ZLbKvi †jv‡Kiv cÖK…wZ c~Rvix wQ‡jb|
ZLb ¯^vfvweK wbq‡g b¨vqЉbwZKZv I mv‡g¨i wfwˇZ †h ag© M‡o I‡V, †mB
ag©B wQj Avw` ÔmbvZb ag©Õ| †mB a‡g© †Kv‡bv eY©‡f` wQj bv, Rb¥MZ Kvi‡Y
†KD DuPz, †KD bxPz wQ‡jb bv| †mB hy‡M A‡bK Ávbx¸Yx †jv‡Ki Rb¥ n‡qwQj|
Zuv‡`i Ôey×Õ ejv nZ| ZuvivB mgv‡R kvwš—Ðk„•Ljv eRvq ivLv I gvbweK
DbœwZK‡í ag©xq wbqgKvbyb wbw`©ó Ki‡Zb|
cÖ t fvi‡Z Avh©ÐcÖ‡e‡ki ci ag©xq I mvgvwRK Ae¯’v‡bi Kx Kx cwieZ©b
msMwVZ nq?
D t Avh©iv fvi‡Z G‡m g~jwbevmx fviZxq‡`i mf¨Zv‡K aŸsm K‡i †`q|
Zv‡`i m¤úwË `Lj K‡i †bq| b¨vqЈbwZKZv I mv‡g¨i wfwˇZ M‡o IVv
mbvZb ag©‡K ZQbQ K‡i eªvþY¨a‡g©i m~ÎcvZ K‡i| IB mgq eªvþY¨a‡g©i
ag©MÖš’ †e` iPbv Kiv nq| GBRb¨ IB ag©‡K ˆew`Kag©I e‡j| †mB a‡g©
D”PÐbxP µgvbymv‡i eY©wefvM K‡i mgv‡R PZze©‡Y©i m„wó Kiv nq| eY©¸wj nj
h_vµ‡g eªvþY, ¶wÎq, ˆek¨ I k~`ª| k~~`ª‡`i g‡a¨ Avevi eû RvZcv‡Zi m„wó
Kiv nq| A‡bK‡K Avevi A¯ú„k¨I Kiv nq| mKj eY© I Rv‡Zi g‡a¨
Kg©wefvM K‡i wewfbœ AwaKvi wbw`©ó K‡i †`Iqv nq| k~`ª I A¯ú„k¨‡`i
m¤úwË, wk¶v I Ab¨vb¨ mg¯— AwaKvi †_‡K ewÂZ Kiv nq| d‡j Zuviv
AgvbweKZvi wkKvi n‡q gby‡l¨Zi Rxebhvcb Ki‡Z eva¨ nb|
cÖ t †MŠZg ey‡×i R‡b¥i ci fvi‡Zi ag©xq I mvgvwRK Ae¯’vi Kx Kx
cwieZ©b nq?
D t †MŠZg ey‡×i ag©gZ Ô†eŠ×a¤§Õ cÖPvwiZ n‡j IB a‡g©i b¨vqЈbwZKZv,
mvg¨ÐˆgÎx I ¯^vaxbZvi D`viZv †`‡L AwaKvsk fviZevmx gy» nb| fvi‡Zi
wewfbœ ivResk †eŠ×a‡g© `xw¶Z n‡j AwaKvsk fviZevmx †eŠ×a‡g©i Avkªq
MÖnY K‡ib| me©‡kªô fviZmgªvU A‡kvK †eŠ×ag© MÖnY K‡i IB ag© cÖPv‡i
g‡bvwb‡ek K‡ib| d‡j eªvþY‡`i GK‡PwUqv ¶gZv I AwaKvi †fv‡Mi mgvwß

2. N‡U Ges †`‡k Avevi b¨vqЈbwZKZv I mvgvwRK mvg¨ wd‡i Av‡m|
cÖ t †eŠ×a‡g©i cZ‡bi KviY Kx?
D t mgªvU A‡kv‡Ki eskai e„n`ª_‡K nZ¨v K‡i eªvþY †mbvbvqK cyl¨wgÎ
gM‡ai wmsnvmb `Lj Ki‡j eûw`b gv_vbZ K‡i _vKv eªvþY¨ag© Avevi
gv_vPvov w`‡q I‡V| cyl¨wgÎ ivR¨jv‡fi ci †eŠ×a‡g©i wei“‡× cÖPÊ Ges
DrKU wbh©vZ‡bi Awfhvb Pvjvq| †`‡k †eŠ×ag© cvj‡bi Dci wb‡lavÁv Rvwi
Kiv nq| G Rb¨ †m mg¯— †eŠ×wf¶z‡`i nZ¨v Kivi Av‡`k †`q Ges cÖwZwU
†eŠ×mbœ¨vmxi gv_vi wewbg‡q GK‡kv ¯^Y©gy`ªv cyi¯‹vi †NvlYv K‡i| d‡j eû
†eŠ×wf¶z gviv c‡ob Ges evwKiv †bcvj, fyUvb Ges `yM©g cvnvwo GjvKvq
cvwj‡q hvb| Gfv‡eB †eŠ×a‡g©i cZb nq|
cÖ t †eŠ×a‡g©i cZ‡bi ci fvi‡Zi Ae¯’v Kxiƒc nq?
D t cyl¨wg‡Îi ivR¨jv‡fi ci eªvþY¨ag© AviI K‡Vvi Ae¯’vb wb‡q cybivq
wd‡i Av‡m| IB mgq cyl¨wg‡Îi Av‡`‡k mygwZ fvM©e KZ…©K bZzb K‡i
eªvþY¨a‡g©i msweavb KzL¨vZ ÔgbymswnZvÕ ev Ôgby¯§„wZÕ †jLv nq| PZze©Y© I
RvZcvZ cÖ_v AviI K‡Vvi Ae¯’v‡b wd‡i Av‡m| cybivq gywó‡gq eªvþ‡Yiv
mevi Dc‡i †_‡K mg¯— AwaKvi †fvM Ki‡Z _v‡K Ges mgv‡Ri AwaKvsk
†jvK k~~`ª Ges A¯ú„k¨ n‡q AwaKvinxb Ae¯’vq `ywe©mn Rxebhvcb Ki‡Z
_v‡Kb|
cÖ t e½‡`‡k cÖ_g KLb eªvþY¨a‡g©i we¯—vi N‡U?
D t fviZe‡l©i me©Î †eŠ×a‡g©i cZb NU‡jI GKgvÎ e¨wZµg wQj
e½‡`k| cvjivRv‡`i Avgj ch©š— †mLv‡b †eŠ×a‡g©i cÖfve AUzU wQj| †Kbbv
cvjivRviv wb‡RivB wQ‡jb †eŠ×ag©vej¤¦x| cvjivRv‡`i hy‡× nvwi‡q
Kb©vU‡Ki eªvþY †mbivRv weRq †mb e½‡`k `Lj Ki‡j †mLv‡bI eªvþY¨a‡g©i
we¯—vi ïi“ nq| wLª÷xq cÂg kZvãx‡Z eªvþY¨a‡g©i c„ô‡cvlK ¸ßeskxq
mgªvU‡`i mnvqZvq evsjvq me©cÖ_g eªvþY‡`i cybe©vmb †`Iqv nq| Avh©ve‡Z©i
eªvþY‡`i e½‡`‡k G‡b f‚wg w`‡q, e„wË w`‡q emv‡bv nZ, hv‡Z Zviv cvÊewR©Z
e½‡`‡k ˆew`K I †cŠivwYK eªvþY¨ag© cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| ax‡i ax‡i Zv‡`i
†m cÖ‡Póv mdjZv jvf K‡i| ivRv weRq †m‡bi Avg‡j mgMÖ e½`‡k eªvþY¨ag©
cÖwZwôZ n‡q hvq|
cÖ t †Kvb a‡g©i bvg eZ©gv‡b wn›`yag© e‡j cwiwPZ?
D t eªvþY¨ag© ev ˆew`Kag©B eZ©gv‡b wn›`yag© e‡j cwiwPZ| ˆew`Ka‡g©i
†Kv‡bv ag©MÖ‡š’B Aek¨ Ôwn›`yÕ k‡ãi D‡j-L †bB, Zey ˆew`Ka‡g©i mg¯— †jv‡Kiv

3. eZ©gv‡b wb‡R‡`i wn›`y e‡j cwiPq †`q|
cÖ t Ôwn›`yÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx, KvivB ev GB bvgKiY K‡i?
D t Ôwn›`yÕ kãwU G‡m‡Q cviwm wnb ev nxb (wbK…ó) kã †_‡K| kãwUi A_©
nxb A_©vr bxP, civwRZ, `vm BZ¨vw`| we‡`kx MÖxK I gymjgvb kvm‡KivB
fviZe‡l©i †jvK‡`i wn›`y bv‡g AwfwnZ K‡i| fviZxq kvmK‡`i civwRZ K‡i
hLb G‡`k `Lj K‡i, ZLb Zviv G‡`kxq‡`i civwRZ ev nxb A‡_© wn›`y
bvgKiY K‡i| †mB A‡_© mKj fviZxqivB wn›`y Ges fviZe‡l©i bvgI
wn›`y¯’vb nq|
cÖ t ˆew`Ka‡g©i †jv‡Kiv wb‡R‡`i eZ©gv‡b wn›`y e‡j cwiPq †`q Zvi
KviY Kx?
D t ˆew`Ka‡g©i †jv‡Kiv we‡`kx‡`i Øviv wn›`y bv‡g AwfwnZ n‡jI
we‡`kvMZ Avh©Ðeªvþ‡Yiv wb‡R‡`i‡K cÖ_‡g wn›`y ej‡Z ivwR wQj bv| G‡`kxq
ˆew`Kag©x †jvK‡`i wn›`y e‡j †g‡b wb‡q wb‡R‡`i‡K Zviv Avh©ÐeªvþY e‡j
cwiPq w`Z| GgbwK mgªvU Ji½‡R‡ei cÖPwjZ wn›`y‡`i Rb¨ †`q wRwRqv
KiI Zviv w`Z bv| wKš‘ cieZ©xKv‡j Avh©Ðeªvþ‡Yiv msL¨vjNy n‡q hvevi f‡q
Ab¨vb¨ wn›`y‡`i m‡½ ZvivI wb‡R‡`i‡K wn›`y e‡j cwiPq w`‡Z ïi“ K‡i|
cÖ t wn›`yiv wb‡R‡`i‡K mbvZb a‡g©i †jvK e‡j cwiPq †`q| wn›`yag©‡K wK
mbvZbag© ejv hyw³hy³?
D t bv, wn›`yag©‡K mbvZbag© ejv hyw³hy³ bq, †Kbbv mbvZba‡g©i
g~jbxwZ mvg¨, b¨vqЈbwZKZv I åvZ…‡Z¡i Av`k© ˆew`K A_©vr wn›`yag© †_‡K
wemR©b †`Iqv n‡q‡Q|
cÖ t e½‡`‡ki bgtRvwZi ag©xq I mvgvwRK Ae¯’v m¤ú‡K© Kx Rvbv hvq?
D t e½‡`‡ki bgtRvwZi †jv‡Kiv †eŠ×ag©vej¤¦x wQ‡jb| Zuviv †kŠh©ex‡h©
AZ¨š— D”P¯’v‡b wQ‡jb| Zuviv ivRKv‡©h, †mbvevwnbx BZ¨vw`i exiZ¡c~Y© c‡`
AwawôZ wQ‡jb| †eŠ×ag©vej¤¦ex cvjivRviI bgtRvwZi †jvK wQ‡jb|
cÖ t bgtRvwZi AatcZb KLb ïi“ nq?
D t cvjivRv‡`i ivR¨Pz¨Z nIqv I KÆi eªvþY¨ev`x kvmK weRq †m‡bi
ivR‡Z¡B bgtRvwZi AatcZb ïi“ nq Ges ej-vj †m‡bi Avg‡j Zv P‚ovš— ch©vq
†cŠuQvq| †mbivRvivB ivóªxq kw³i e‡j hyM hyM a‡i M‡o IVv †eŠ×ag© I
ms¯‹„wZ‡K e½‡`k †_‡K AZ¨š— wbôyiZvi mv‡_ gy‡Q w`‡qwQj| ej-vj †mb
†NvlYv K‡iwQj evsjvi mg¯— †eŠ×iv nq eªvþY¨ag© MÖnY Ki‡e, bq‡Zv g„Zz¨‡KB
eiY Ki‡e| hviv †eŠ×ag© Z¨vM K‡i eªvþY¨a‡g©i Avkªq wb‡qwQj, Zviv k~`ªe‡Y©

4. VuvB †c‡qwQj| cieZ©xKv‡j Zviv ivReskx, gvwnl¨, †cŠÊª BZ¨vw` bv‡g wPwýZ
nq| wKš‘ bgtRvwZi †jv‡Kiv eªvþY¨ag© MÖnY Ki‡Z ivwR bv n‡q ivRkw³i
f‡q cvwj‡q b`xbvjv, Lvjwej, RjÐR½jc~Y© `yM©g A‡j Avkªq †bb| eZ©gvb
Kv‡ji h‡kvni, Lyjbv, ewikvj, dwi`cyi, XvKv, gqgbwmsn BZ¨vw` †Rjv IB
A‡ji Aš—f©y³| bZzb cybe©wmZ eªvþ‡Yiv Av‡MB Zuv‡`i ˆew`wKKiY Ki‡Z bv
†c‡i PÊvj Mvwj w`‡q A¯ú„k¨ K‡i †i‡LwQj| ivRv ej-vj †mb Zv‡`i PÊvj
bvgKiY cvKvcvwK K‡i wPi¯’vqx fv‡e A¯ú„k¨ K‡i ivLvi e‡›`ve¯— K‡i|
cÖ t PÊvj bvgKi‡Yi ci bgtRvwZi Kx `yie¯’v nq?
D t PÊvj bvgKi‡Yi d‡j bgtRvwZi †jv‡Kiv me RvwZi †jv‡Ki Kv‡Q
A¯ú„k¨ I N„wYZ n‡q c‡ob| Zuviv wk¶v I ag©xq AwaKvimn mg¯— gvbweK
AwaKvi †_‡K ewÂZ n‡q ag©nxb n‡q c‡ob| eûw`b ch©š— ag©xq AvPvi cvjb bv
Kivi d‡j Zuviv †eŠ×ag©‡K fy‡j hvb Ges ax‡i ax‡i wb‡R‡`i wn›`y fve‡Z ïi“
K‡ib| cieZ©xKv‡j eªvþY‡`i cÖ‡ivPbvq Av‡¯— Av‡¯— K‡qK cyi“l c‡i Zuviv
wn›`y‡`i AbymiY K‡i c~Rvcve©Y, kªv×wµqv BZ¨vw` ˆew`K wµqvq Ask wb‡Z
ïi“ Ki‡jI Zuv‡`i wbR¯^ AvPvi Abyôvb¸wj wKQy wKQy †_‡KB wM‡qwQj| GB
Rb¨ Ab¨vb¨ wn›`ym¤cÖ`v‡qi m‡½ Zuv‡`i A‡bK AvPvi Abyôv‡b Awgj †`Lv
hvq|
cÖ t Ebwesk kZvãxi cÖvi‡¤¢ e½‡`‡ki MÖvg¨ Rxe‡b ag©xq Ges mvgvwRK
Z_v A_©‡bwZK Ae¯’v Kxiƒc wQj?
D t Ebwesk kZvãxi cÖ_g w`‡K ˆew`Kag© Abymvix wbæe‡Y©i, we‡kl K‡i
bgtRvwZi †jvK‡`i Ae¯’v AZ¨š— †kvPbxq wQj| †MvôxMZ RbmsL¨vi wbwi‡L
ZuvivB me©vwaK msL¨vq wQ‡jb| D”PeY©xq‡`i Øviv wewfbœfv‡e †kvwlZ n‡q Zviv
gvbyl n‡qI gby‡l¨Zi fv‡e Rxebhvcb KiwQ‡jb| wk¶vi AwaKvi bv _vKvq
Zuviv Awk¶vi AÜKv‡i Wz‡e wQ‡jb| e¨emvevwYR¨ I m¤úwËi ¯^íZvi Kvi‡Y
Zuv‡`i A_©‰bwZK Ae¯’v LyeB Lvivc wQj| bvbv Kzms¯‹v‡i Av”Qbœ †_‡K
wPwKrmvi Afv‡e Zuv‡`i Rxeb `ywe©mn n‡q D‡VwQj| ag©xq AwaKvi †_‡K ewÂZ
n‡q Zuviv mgv‡R gh©v`vnxb n‡q cwZZ †kªwY wnmv‡e emevm KiwQ‡jb| G Qvov
wbæe‡Y©i Ab¨vb¨ gvby‡liv, †hgbÑ †Zwj, gvwj, Kvgvi, Kzgvi, †R‡j, Kvcvwj
BZ¨vw` m¤úª`v‡qi gvbyl‡`i A_©‰bwZK Ae¯’v I mvgvwRK gh©v`vI we‡kl fv‡jv
wQj bv| Z`ycwi cÖRv‡`i Dci Rwg`vi‡`i AZ¨vPvi wQj AZ¨š— wbg©g|
cÖ t cwZZ Kv‡`i ejv nq?
D t †eŠ×a‡g©i cZ‡bi ci eªvþY¨a‡g©i (wn›`ya‡g©i) DÌv‡bi d‡j mgv‡R

5. eY©‡f` I ¯ú„k¨ÐA¯ú„k¨ †f`v‡f‡`i K‡VviZv AZ¨š— e„w× Kiv nq| Zv‡Z huviv
wQ‡jb cÖej cÖZvckvjx †eŠ×a‡g©i aviK evnK Z_v ivR¶gZvi AwaKvix, huviv
eªvþY¨ag© †g‡b wb‡Z A¯^xKvi K‡ib, Zuv‡`i ag©xq AwaKvi †K‡o wb‡q ag©nxb
Kiv nq| GB ag©nxb gvbyl‡`i cwZZ e‡j|
cÖ t nwiPuv` VvKzi †Kv_vq K‡e Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib?
D t c~e©e‡½i dwi`cyi †Rjvi †MvcvjMÄ gnKzgvi mdjvWvOv MÖv‡g 1812
wLª÷v‡ãi 11 B gvP© eyaevi (evsjv 1218) gnvgvbe nwiPuv` VvKzi bgtRvwZi
N‡i GK K…lK cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib|
cÖ t †mB mgq bgtRvwZi †jvK‡`i Kx ejv nZ?
D t †mB mgq bgtRvwZi †jvK‡`i PÊvj ejv nZ| wn›`y‡`i Kv‡Q Zuviv
A¯ú„k¨ wQ‡jb|
cÖ t Kviv Zuv‡`i PÊvj AvL¨v w`‡qwQj?
D t eªvþY cy‡ivwnZ I kvmKeM© D‡Ïk¨g~~jKfv‡e lohš¿ K‡i GB RvwZi
†jvK‡`i PÊvj AvL¨v w`‡q A¯ú„k¨ K‡i iv‡L| cÖK…Zc‡¶ eªvþY¨a‡g©i PÊvj
RvwZi m‡½ bgtRvwZi †Kv‡bv m¤úK© †bB|
cÖ t nwiPuv` VvKz‡ii wcZvgvZvi bvgKx?
D t nwiPuv` VvKz‡ii wcZvi bvg h‡kvgš— VvKzi I gvZvi bvg Abœc~Y©v|
cÖ t Zuvi evj¨Kv‡ji bvg Kx wQj?
D t nwiPuv` VvKz‡ii evj¨Kv‡ji bvg wQj nwi`vm| wKš‘ nwiPuv` wb‡R KviI
`vmZ¡ ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z ivwR wQ‡jb bv, ZvB Ônwi`vmÕ-Gi cwie‡Z© wb‡R‡K
ÔnwiPuv`Õ bv‡g cwiPq w`‡Z cQ›` Ki‡Zb|
cÖ t nwiPuv` VvKz‡ii Rxeb‡K †K›`ª K‡i †h MÖš’ †jLv nq Zvi bvg Kx?
D t kªxkªxnwijxjvg„Z|
cÖ t IB MÖš’ †K wj‡LwQ‡jb?
D t IB MÖš’ wj‡LwQ‡jbÑ ÔZviKP›`ª miKvi|Õ
cÖ t kªxkªxnwijxjvg„Z MÖ‡š’i bvgKiY †K K‡iwQ‡jb?
D t VvKz‡ii RxebxMÖ‡š’i cÖ_‡g bvg wQj ÔkªxnwiPwiÎ myavÕ|
Ôkªxkªxnwijxjvg„ZÕ GB bvgKiYwU K‡iwQ‡jb kwkf‚lY VvKzi|
cÖ t Kwe ZviKP›`ª miKvi Kvi Aby‡iv‡a nwiPuv` VvKz‡ii RxebxMÖš’ wjL‡Z
m¤§Z n‡qwQ‡jb?
D t `ki_ I g„Zz¨Ä‡qi Aby‡iv‡a m¤§Z n‡qwQ‡jb|
cÖ t ZviKP›`ª miKv‡ii †jLv cÖ_g cvÊywjwc †`‡L nwiPuv` VvKzi Kx

6. K‡iwQ‡jb Ges †Kb K‡iwQ‡jb?
D t cÖ_‡g GB cvÊywjwc †`‡L VvKzi µz× nb Ges cvÊywjwc Quy‡o †d‡j †`b|
g~j KviY tÑ 1) ˆew`KZvcyó GB †jLv VvKzi MÖnY Ki‡Z Pvbwb|
2) RxweZKv‡j †Kv‡bv e¨w³i RxebxMÖš’ †jLv DwPZ bq| D³
KviY¸wji Rb¨ VvKzi cvÊywjwc Quy‡o †d‡jwQ‡jb|
cÖ t nwiPuv` VvKz‡ii RxeÏkvq wK MÖš’wU Qvcv n‡qwQj?
D t bv, nwiPuv` VvKz‡ii g„Zz¨i c‡i ¸i“Puv` VvKz‡ii RxeÏkvq MÖš’wU Qvcv
n‡qwQj|
cÖ t ZviKP›`ª miKvi cÖYxZ kªxkªxnwijxjvg„‡Zi g~j cvÊywjwc wK Qvcv‡bv
m¤¢e n‡qwQj? †Kb Qvcv‡bv m¤¢e nqwb?
D t g~j cvÊywjwc Qvcv‡bv m¤¢e nqwb| KviY, ZrKvjxb ew¼gP›`ª
P‡Ævcva¨v‡qi fvlvmßmZx mwgwZ QvocÎ †`qwb| G QvovI cÖKvkKiv
AwaKvskB wQj Z_vKw_Z D”Pe‡Y©i gvbyl| wKš‘ Ôkªxkªxnwijxjvg„ZÕ MÖš’ wQj
D”Pe‡Y©i gvbyl‡`i AZ¨vPviÐwbcxo‡bi BwZnvm, wbæe‡Y©i gvbyl‡`i msMÖvg I
AwaKv‡ii msMÖvgx `wjj| †mB Rb¨ GB MÖš’wU Qvcv‡bv m¤¢e nqwb|
cÖ t kªxkªxnwijxjvg„Z MÖ‡š’ ZviKP›`ª miKvi iwPZ g~j cvÊywjwci m¤ú~Y©
Ask wK Avgiv cvB?
D t bv| Kwe iwPZ cvÊywjwci m¤ú~Y© Ask cvIqv hvq bv| wKQz †e`Ðwe‡ivax
K_v †jLv wQj, Zv eR©b I wKQz Ask ms‡hvRb K‡i cÖKvk Kiv nq|
cÖ t wKQz Ask eR©b I wKQz Ask ms‡hvRb Kivi KvR †K K‡iwQ‡jb?
D t GB KvR K‡iwQ‡jb kªxnwiei miKvi|
cÖ t kªxkªxnwijxjvg„Z MÖš’wU cÖKv‡ki Rb¨ †K A_© w`‡q mvnvh¨ K‡iwQ‡jb?
D t A_© w`‡q mvnvh¨ K‡iwQ‡jb kªx‡Mvcvj nvIjv`vi| wZwb †Mvcvj mvay
bv‡g cwiwPZ wQ‡jb|
cÖ t kªxkªxnwijxjvg„Z MÖš’wU Qvcv‡bv nq Kvi wb‡`©‡k I Kvi †cÖiYvq?
D t GB MÖš’wU Qvcv‡bvi wb‡`©k †`b ¸i“Puv` VvKzi Ges Qvcv‡bvi Aby‡cÖiYv
†c‡qwQ‡jb cyÎ kwkf‚l‡Yi KvQ †_‡K|
cÖ t MÖš’wUi cÖ_g cÖKvkK †K wQ‡jb?
D t kªxkªxnwijxjvg„Z MÖ‡š’i cÖ_g cÖKvkK wQ‡jb kªxnwiei miKvi|
cÖ t kªxkªxnwijxjvg„Z MÖ‡š’i g~j¨ cÖ_g cÖKvkKv‡j KZ wQj?
D t `yB UvKv|
cÖ t kªxkªxnwijxjvg„Z MÖš’wU cÖ_g †Kvb QvcvLvbv †_‡K cÖKvwkZ nq?

7. D t KjKvZvi wQ`vg gyw` †j‡bi Ôkv¯¿ÐcÖPvi †cÖmÕ †_‡K cÖKvwkZ nq|
cÖ t kªxkªxnwijxjvg„Z MÖš’ cÖKvkKv‡j c„ôvmsL¨v KZ wQj?
D t cÖKvkKv‡j c„ôvmsL¨v wQj 249|
cÖ t kªxkªxnwijxjvg„Z MÖš’wU cÖ_g KZ mv‡j cÖKvwkZ nq?
D t cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq 1916 Lªxóv‡ã|
cÖ t kªxkªxnwijxjvg„Z MÖš’ Qvc‡Z ivwR bv n‡j Kx Kx c`‡¶c MÖnY Kiv
n‡qwQj?
D t MÖš’wU †_‡K cÖ_g Ae¯’vq †e`we‡ivax wKQz K_v‡K ev` w`‡Z n‡qwQj
Ges wKQz ms‡hvRbI Ki‡Z n‡qwQj| Kzwo UvKv Nyl w`‡q MÖš’wU Qvcv‡Z
n‡qwQj| (ZrKvjxb Kzwo UvKv eZ©gvb evRvi g~‡j¨ cÖvq `k nvRvi UvKvi
mgvb)|
cÖ t nwiPuv` VvKz‡ii c~e©cyi“‡liv ˆgw_wj eªvþY wQ‡jb e‡j A‡b‡K D‡j-L
K‡ibÑ G K_vi mZ¨Zv Av‡Q wK?
D t bv, G K_vi wKQzgvÎ mZ¨Zv †bB| A‡b‡K nwiPuv` VvKz‡ii c~e©cyi“l
ivg`vm‡K ˆgw_wj eªvþY e‡j D‡j-L K‡ib, Avevi †KD †KD Zuv‡K eªþPvix
e‡jI †j‡Lb| wZwb bvwK kw³ mvaKI wQ‡jb| wKš‘ G K_vi †Kv‡bv cÖgvY
cvIqv hvq bv|
cÖ t nwiPuv` VvKz‡ii c~e©cyi“l ivg`vm ˆgw_wj eªvþY †_‡K Kx K‡i
bgtRvwZi †jvK n‡jb, G cÖm‡½ cÖPwjZ MíwU Kx?
D t ivg`vm bgtRvwZi †jvK‡`i m‡½ †gjv‡gkv Ki‡Zb Zvi Rb¨ bvwK
eªvþ‡Yiv Zuv‡K mgvRPz¨Z Z_v RvwZPz¨Z K‡i| d‡j Zuvi cyÎ P›`ª‡gvn‡bi Rb¨
†Kv‡bv eªvþY cvÎx bv †c‡q Zv‡K bgtRvwZi †g‡qi mv‡_ we‡q †`b| Gi d‡jB
bvwK Zuviv bgtRvwZi Aš—f©y³ n‡q hvb|
cÖ t wn›`yag© Abymv‡i †Kv‡bv eªvþY cvÎ Ab¨ †Kv‡bv wbæe‡Y©i †g‡q‡K we‡q
Ki‡j wK Zvi RvwZPz¨Z nevi weavb Av‡Q?
D t bv, wn›`y kv¯¿vbymv‡i eªvþY †h †Kv‡bv e‡Y©i †g‡q we‡q Ki‡Z cv‡i,
Zv‡Z Zvi wKsev fwel¨r eskai‡`i RvwZPy¨Z nIqvi †Kv‡bv KviY †bB|
cÖ t cÖPwjZ GB MíwU cÖ_g †Kv_vq cvIqv hvq?
D t nwiPuv` VvKz‡ii RxebPwiZ welqK Òkªxkªxnwijxjvg„ZÓ MÖ‡š’i cieZ©x
ms¯‹iY¸wj‡Z ivg`vm ˆgw_wj eªvþY wQ‡jb e‡j MíwU †jLv n‡q‡Q|
cÖ t MíwU †h mZ¨ bq Kx K‡i Zv †evSv hvq?
D t ZviKP›`ª miKvi iwPZ IB MÖ‡š’i Avw` ms¯‹i‡Y †Kv_vI G K_v †jLv

8. wQj bv †h, ivg`vm ˆgw_wj eªvþY wQ‡jb| hw` G K_v mwZ¨ nZ Zvn‡j nwiPuv`
VvKz‡ii GKvš— mvwbœ‡a¨ Avmv Kwe ZviKP›`ª miKvi Zv wbðqB D‡j-L Ki‡Zb|
kªxkªxnwijxjvg„Z MÖ‡š’ ÒgnvcÖfyi c~e©cyi“lM‡Yi weeiYÓ-G ivg`vm‡K †Kv_vI
wgw_jvi eªvþY wKsev Zuvi cy‡Îi bgtk~‡`ªi †g‡qi m‡½ we‡q †`Iqvi NUbvi
†Kv‡bv D‡j-LB †bB| hv Av‡Q Zv njÑ
Òbvg wQj ivg`vm ivp‡`‡k wQj evm
Zx_©hvÎv Kwi eûw`b|
¯¿x cyi“l `yBR‡b ‡k‡l hvb e„›`ve‡b
K…ò‡cÖ‡g n‡q D`vmxb Ó
Zuviv wewfbœ Zx_©‡¶Î Ny‡i †k‡l K…òf³‡`i m‡½ j²xcvkv MÖv‡g emevm
Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡ib| Zuv‡`i cyÎ P›`ª‡gvnb, Zuvi cyÎ ïK‡`e, Zuvi cyÎ Kvwj`vm
BZ¨vw`Ñ Gfv‡eB cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb| Zuv‡`i eªvþYZ¡ wb‡q ev bgtRvwZi †Kv‡bv
†g‡qi m‡½ we‡q nevi K_vI ZviKP›`ª miKvi †j‡Lbwb| G K_v mwZ¨ n‡j
wbðqB wZwb Zv D‡j-L Ki‡Zb|
cÖ t Zvn‡j G MíwU cieZ©x ms¯‹i‡Y Kxfv‡e IB MÖ‡š’i Aš—©fy³ n‡qwQj?
D t Kxfv‡e Kvi Øviv Aš—f©y³ n‡qwQj Zv mwVKfv‡e Rvbv hvq bv| Z‡e
Abygvb Kiv hvq †h, †K ev Kviv nxb¤§b¨Zv‡ev‡a nwiPuv` VvKzi Ges Zuvi
eskai‡`i wn›`ya‡g©i D”Pe‡Y© A_©vr Rv‡Z DVvevi Rb¨ GB lohš¿ K‡i‡Qb!
kªxkªxnwijxjvg„Z MÖ‡š’i cieZ©x ms¯‹iY¸wj‡Z c~e©cyi“lM‡Yi weei‡Y cÖw¶ß
K‡i †mB MíwU cqvi Q‡›` †jLvI n‡q‡Q!
cÖ t GLbI wK IB MíwU kªxkªxnwijxjvg„Z MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨ Av‡Q?
D t bv, eZ©gv‡b IB cÖw¶ß AskwU Avi †bB| G e¨vcv‡i we`» gZzqv‡`i
KvQ †_‡K weiƒc mgv‡jvPbv nIqvq evsjv‡`‡ki IovKvw›` †_‡K cÖKvwkZ
cieZ©x ms¯‹iY¸wj‡Z Avevi Zv eR©bI Kiv n‡q‡Q| ZeyI MÖ‡š’i cÖvi‡¤¢ VvKzi
eskZvwjKvq eÜbxi g‡a¨ ivg`vm‡K ˆgw_wj eªvþY Ges P›`ª‡gvn‡bi ¯¿xi
bv‡gi cv‡k eÜbxi g‡a¨ Ôbgtk~‡`ªi Kb¨vÕ e‡j †jLv Ae¨vnZ i‡q‡Q|
cÖ t gZzqv f³MY IB †jLv †`‡L wK weåvš— n‡”Qb bv?
D t Aek¨B gZzqv f³MY IB †jLv †`‡L weåvš— n‡”Qb| ïay ZvB bq,
A‡bK gZzqvf³ †jLK GLbI ivg`vm‡K ˆgw_wj eªvþY e‡j Zuv‡`i †jLwb
Pvwj‡q hv‡”Qb! AmZ¨‡K mZ¨ K‡i Zzj‡Z Zuv‡`i Kx gwiqv cÖ‡Póv!
cÖ t GB AmZ¨ †jLv wK eÜ nIqv DwPZ bq?
D t Aek¨B GB AmZ¨ †jLv Awej‡¤^ eÜ K‡i mZ¨ D˜NvUb nIqv

9. `iKvi| mvgvb¨ wZb-mv‡o wZbkÕ eQ‡ii Av‡Mi NUbv‡KB weK…Z K‡i hw`
Gfv‡e cwi‡ekb Kiv nq Zvn‡j Abygvb Kiv hvq eªvþY¨ev`x †jL‡Kiv
bgtRvwZi cÖvPxb BwZnvm‡K KZLvwb weK…Z K‡i †i‡L‡Q!
cÖ t Zvn‡j Avmj mZ¨ Kx n‡Z cv‡i?
D t Avmj mZ¨ GUv nIqvB ¯^vfvweK †h, ivg`vm ivp‡`‡k (eZ©gvb ûMwj,
ea©gvb, exif~g I nvIov †Rjv) evm Ki‡Zb| wZwb cÖ_‡g kw³mvaK wQ‡jb
e‡jI kªxkªxnwijxjvg„‡Z †`Lv hvq bv, Zuv‡K K…òg‡š¿ `xw¶Z ˆeòe e‡jB eY©bv
Kiv n‡q‡Q| bvbv Zx_©¯’vb Ny‡i Ae‡k‡l wZwb h‡kvi †Rjvi j²xcvkv MÖv‡g
G‡m emevm ïi“ K‡ib| wbðqB †mLv‡b Zuvi wecyj msL¨vq ¯^RvZxq‡`i A_©vr
bgtRvwZi †jvK‡`i evm wQj e‡jB †mLv‡b emevm Ki‡Z gbw¯’i K‡i
_vK‡eb| A_©vr ivg`vm cÖK…Zc‡¶B bgtRvwZi †jvK wQ‡jb|
cÖ t nwiPuv` VvKz‡ii c~e©cyi“l‡`i c`we Kx wQj?
D t nwiPuv` VvKz‡ii c~e©cyi“l‡`i c`we wQj wek¦vm|
cÖ t Kx K‡i Zuviv VvKzi Dcvwa (c`we) †c‡jb?
D t h‡kvgš— VvKz‡iiv K‡qK cyi“l a‡i wbZ¨ mvay‡mev, VvKzivwj wµqv,
ˆeòea‡g©i AvPviÐAvPiY cvjb Ki‡Zb| GB Kvi‡YB Guiv ˆeivMx ev VvKzi
Dcvwa †c‡q hvb| GgbwK wbwaiv‡gi cyÎ †jvPbivg A‡kl ¸‡Yi Rb¨ VvKzi
†gvPvB bv‡g L¨vZ n‡q c‡ob| Gici †_‡K h‡kvgš— Ges Zuvi cy·`i VvKzi
bv‡gB mK‡j wPb‡Zb| A_©vr Kvh©vewj I AvPviÐAvPi‡Yi Rb¨ VvKzi Dcvwa
jvf I c‡i GB DcvwaB c`we wnmv‡e M„nxZ n‡Z jvMj| Aek¨ A‡b‡K h‡kvgš—
VvKzi‡K h‡kvgš— ˆeivMx bv‡gI wPb‡Zb|
cÖ t wKš‘ VvKzieskRvZ cÖg_iÄb VvKzi (wc.Avi. VvKzi) †Zv Ab¨ K_v
wj‡L‡Qb| wZwb wj‡L‡Qb, Ò.... e½‡`‡k eªvþY‡K VvKzi ejv nBqv _v‡K| eªvþY
ivg`vm wgkª‡KI Zvnvi AbyPi I wkl¨MY VvKzi ewj‡Zb| †mB nB‡Z GB
es‡ki Dcvwa ÒVvKziÕÕ ewjqv cÖPwjZ nBqv Avwm‡Z‡Q Ges eskaiMY m‡MŠi‡e
VvKzi AvL¨v enb Kwiqv Pwjqv‡Q|ÕÕ
D t G m¤ú‡K© cÖK…Z Z_¨ Av‡MB ejv n‡q‡Q|
cÖ t nwiPuv` VvKz‡iiv Kq fvB, Zuv‡`i bvg Kx Kx?
D t nwiPuv` VvKz‡iiv wQ‡jb cuvP fvB| Zuv‡`i bvg wQjÑ 1) K…ò`vm, 2)
nwiPuv`, 3) ˆeòe`vm, 4) †MŠix`vm Ges 5) ¯^iƒc`vm| (nwiPuv` VvKzi wQ‡jb
h‡kvg‡š—i wØZxq mš—vb|)
cÖ t nwiPuv` VvKz‡ii evj¨bvg Kx wQj?

10. D t nwiPuv` VvKz‡ii evj¨bvg wQj Ônwi`vmÕ|
cÖ t nwiPuv` VvKz‡ii evj¨m½x‡`i bvg Kx Kx?
D t nwiPuv` VvKz‡ii evj¨m½x‡`i bvg njÑ 1) eªR 2) bvUz I 3) wek¦bv_|
cÖ t nwiPuv` VvKz‡ii ¯¿xi bvg Kx?
D t nwiPuv` VvKz‡ii ¯¿xi bvg wQj kvwš—evjv, hv‡K Avgiv kvwš—gvZv bv‡g
Rvwb|
cÖ t kvwš—evjvi wcZvi bvg Kx? Zuvi wcÎvjq †Kv_vq wQj?
D t kvwš—evjvi wcZvi bvg wQj Ô†jvPb cÖvgvwYKÕ| wcÎvjq wQj dwi`cyi
†Rjvi (eZ©gvb evsjv‡`‡k) ÔwRKvevwoÕ MÖv‡g|
cÖ t nwiPuv` VvKz‡ii mgmvgwqK `yÕRb Rwg`v‡ii bvg Kx Kx?
D t nwiPuv` VvKz‡ii mgmvgwqK `yÕRb Rwg`vi n‡jbÑ 1) m~h©gwY
gRyg`vi Ges 2) cve©ZxPiY gRyg`vi|
cÖ t nwiPuv` VvKzi †Kb mdjvWvOvi evwo Z¨vM Ki‡jb?
D t Rwg`vi m~h©gwY gRyg`vi wg_¨v gvgjvq wWwµ Rvwi K‡i VvKzi‡`i evwo
wb‡Ri bv‡g wb‡q wb‡qwQ‡jb| GB NUbvi ci nwiPuv` VvKzi mdjvWvOvi evwo
Z¨vM K‡ib|
cÖ t nwiPuv` VvKzi mdjvWvOv Z¨vM K‡i †Kv_vq wM‡qwQ‡jb?
D t nwiPuv` VvKzi mdjvWvOv Z¨vM K‡i dwi`cyi †RjviB ivgw`qvq †mb
evwo‡Z Avkªq wb‡qwQ‡jb|
cÖ t c‡i nwiPuv` VvKzi ivgw`qv †Q‡o †Kv_vq wQ‡jb?
D t c‡i nwiPuv` VvKzi ivgw`qv †Q‡o cvk¦©eZ©x MÖvg IovKvw›`‡Z kªxfRivg
†PŠayixi evwo‡Z Avkªq wb‡qwQ‡jb|
cÖ t IovKvw›`i cvk¦©eZ©x cuvPwU MÖv‡gi bvg Kx Kx?
D t IovKvw›`av‡gi cvk¦©eZ©x cuvPwU MÖvg njÑ 1) N„ZKvw›`, 2) gvQKvw›`,
3) ivgw`qv, 4) mdjvWvOv Ges 5) Av‡ovKvw›`| D³ MÖvg¸wj‡ZI nwiPuv`
VvKzi I gZzqva‡g©i cÖvej¨ j¶Yxq|
cÖ t nwiPuv` VvKz‡ii we`¨vwk¶v m¤¦‡Ü Kx Rvbv hvq?
D t nwiPuv` VvKzi cÖ_vMZ we`¨vwk¶vi †Kv‡bv my‡hvM cvbwb| ZLbKvi w`‡b
PÊvj bgtRvwZ A¯ú„k¨ e‡j we`¨vwk¶vi †Kv‡bv AwaKvi wQj bv| ZvB wZwb
†jLvcov wkL‡Z cv‡ibwb| myZivs cuyw_MZ we`¨vI Zuvi wQj bv|
cÖ t Zuvi eyw×gËv Kxiƒc cwiPq cvIqv hvq?
D t †jLvcov bv Rvb‡jI wZwb wQ‡jb cÖLi eyw×gËv AZ¨š— †gavm¤úbœ

11. Ávbxe¨w³| †Q‡j‡ejv‡ZB Zuvi eyw×gËvi cwiPq eÜz‡`i Kv‡Q cÖKU n‡q I‡V|
eÜz Ges mv_xiv mK‡j ZvB Zuv‡K wN‡i _vK‡Zb| mK‡ji me mgm¨vi gyw³`vZv
wQ‡jb wZwb| cÖ_vMZ wk¶vq wkw¶Z bv n‡qI cÖLi eyw×gËvi †Rv‡i weÁvb I
hyw³wbf©i †eŠw×K`k©b Dcjwä K‡iwQ‡jb wZwb| Kg©Rxe‡b Zuvi GB Ávb I
eyw×gËvi gva¨‡g wcwQ‡q ivLv Rb‡Mvôx A_©vr cwZZ gvbyl‡`i gyw³`~Z wnmv‡e
wZwb Avwef©~Z n‡qwQ‡jb|
cÖ t nwiPuv` VvKz‡ii mgq MÖv‡gi wPwKrmv e¨e¯’v Kxiƒc wQj?
D t ZLbKvi w`‡b GLbKvi g‡Zv wPwKrmv e¨e¯’vi we‡kl †Kv‡bv my‡hvM
wQj bv, GZ DbœwZI wQj bv| MÖvgv‡ji Ae¯’v wQj LyeB Ki“Y| MÖvgv‡j
†Kv‡bv Wv³viB wQj bv, we‡kl K‡i cwZZ Rb‡Mvôx Aay¨wlZ MÖvg¸wj‡Z|
ISv‡`i SuvodzuK, KePÐZvweR aviY Avi Ck¦‡ii Dci wbf©iB wQj Zv‡`i
GKgvÎ wPwKrmv|
cÖ t nwiPuv` VvKzi MÖvg¨ gvbyl‡`i wPwKrmvi e¨vcv‡i †Kvb f‚wgKv cvjb
K‡ib?
D t nwiPuv` VvKzi wbR¯^ eyw×gËvi e‡j MÖvg¨ gvbyl‡`i cÖvK…wZK wPwKrmvi
wPwKrm‡Ki f‚wgKv MÖnY K‡ib|
cÖ t wZwb Kx ai‡bi wPwKrmv Ki‡Zb?
D t †ivMgyw³i Rb¨ wZwb †h †iv‡Mi hv‡Z e„„w× nq ZvB Lvevi civgk©
w`‡Zb| R¦i n‡j cvš—vfv‡Z †ZuZzj †Mvjv w`‡Zb; †e`bv, ARxY©, ewg wKsev
Ag-wc‡Ë wcZ‡ji _vjvq †ZuZzj †Mvjv †L‡Z ej‡Zb, ¸wUKv‡iv‡M Mv‡q †Mvei
Ges †Mvg~Î, g~ÎK…”Q‡Z AwaK Rj ev Wv‡ei Rj wKsev mieZ cvb, Avgvk‡q
cvb I Zzjmx wkKo †meb, wbtmš—v‡bi mš—vbcÖvw߇Z gvwmK PjvKvjxb fv`v‡ji
AuvwU †meb, Pg©‡iv‡M njy`ÐwbgcvZv evUv, Giƒc wewfbœ e‡bŠlwai e¨env‡ii
wb`vb w`‡Zb|
cÖ t GB wPwKrmvi djvdj Kxiƒc wQj?
D t GB wPwKrmvq AwaKvsk †ivMB wbivgq nZ|
cÖ t Gi d‡j MÖvg¨ gvbyl‡`i g‡b Kxiƒc cÖwZwµqv nq?
D t Gi d‡j MÖvg¨ gvbyl‡`i Kv‡Q wZwb ÎvYKZ©vi Avm‡b cÖwZwôZ n‡q
hvb| ZLbKvi ˆew`K a‡g© cÖfvevwb¦Z MÖvgv‡ji gvby‡li Kv‡Q wZwb Ck¦‡ii
AeZvi iƒ‡c cwiMwYZ nb|
cÖ t wPwKrm‡Ki f‚wgKv Qvov Avi †Kvb †Kvb mvgvwRK Kv‡R wZwb RwoZ
nb?

12. D t g~jZ wcwQ‡q cov mgv‡Ri gvby‡li Rb¨ wZwb mKj iKg mvgvwRK
Kv‡R AMÖYx f‚wgKv MÖnY K‡ib| K…lK‡`i cÖwZ bxjKi mv‡ne‡`i AZ¨vPv‡ii
cÖwZev‡` K…lK‡`i wb‡q wZwb †MvcvjMÄ gnKzgvi †Rvbvmyi bxjKzwV Awfhv‡bi
†bZ…Z¡ †`b| IB Awfhv‡b †mLvbKvi bxjKzwV aŸsm K‡i b„ksm AZ¨vPvix
bxjKi mv‡ne‡K cywo‡q gviv nq|
cÖ t msmvi cÖwZcvj‡bi Rb¨ wZwb Kx Kx KvR K‡iwQ‡jb?
D t msmvi cÖwZcvj‡bi Rb¨ wZwb wewfbœ mg‡q wewfbœ Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ nb|
GK mgq wZwb †Z‡ji e¨emv K‡ib| wewfbœ gyw``ªe¨ wb‡q GK mg‡q MÖv‡g MÖv‡g
†dwi K‡iI †ewo‡‡Qb| e¨emve„wËi cÖmvi I weÁvb m¤§Z c×wZ‡Z Abvev`x
Rwg Pvl K‡i Pv‡li DbœwZ NUvb| GB mg¯— KvR K‡i wZwb mKj wcwQ‡q cov
gvbyl‡`i‡K msmvi cÖwZcvjb I Rxe‡b DbœwZ Kivi mwVK w`kv †`Lvb|
cÖ t Amv‡g¨i ag© wn›`ya‡g©i wei“‡× wZwb wK jovB K‡iwQ‡jb?
D t nu¨v, AjxK Kíbv I wg_¨v †f`v‡f` m„wóKvix wn›`ya‡g©i wei“‡×B wQj
Zuvi cÖavb jovB| hyw³ev`‡K cÖwZôv Ki‡Z ag© I ag©MÖ‡š’i wei“‡× jovB|
†e`, cyivY, gbymswnZvi ¯^v_©v‡b¦lx AvBb‡K Quy‡o †d‡j w`‡q wZwb ej‡jb,
ÒKzKz‡ii Dw”Qó cÖmv` †c‡jI †L‡Z ivwR AvwQ, Z_vwc †e`wewa †kŠPvPvi
gvb‡Z ivwR bB|ÕÕ
cÖ t Ae‡k‡‡l wZwb †h bZzb a‡g©i cÖeZ©b K‡ib Zvi bvg wK?
D t Ae‡k‡l wZwb †h bZzb a‡g©i cÖeZ©b K‡ib Zvi bvg gZzqvag©|
cÖ t ÔgZzqvÕ bvgwU wK nwiPuv` VvKzi Aby‡gv`b K‡‡iwQ‡jb?
D t n¨uv, nwiPuv` VvKzi wb‡RB e‡j‡QbÑ Òwfbœ m¤cÖ`vq †gviv gZzqv
AvL¨vb|Ó
cÖ t ÔgZzqvÕ k‡ãi DrcwË †Kv_v †_‡K?
D t e¨vKiYMZ w`K †_‡K ÔgZzqvÕ GKwU Zw×Zvš— kã| g~j ÔgZÕ k‡ãi
m‡½ ÔDqvÕ cÖZ¨q †hv‡M MwVZ| A_©vr gZ + Dqv = gZzqv| Avi GB ÔgZyqvÕ
k‡ãi Awfkª“wZ‡Z cvIqv hvq gÕ†Zv| A_©vr gZzqv > gDZv > gÕ†Zv| GwU
e½vjx Dcfvlv, g~jZ K_¨ fvlv|
Z‡e Ab¨ g‡Z gv‡Zvqviv †_‡K †h gZzqv kãwU G‡m‡Q †mUv MÖnY‡hvM¨
bq| ÔgZÕ †_‡KB gv‡Zvqviv kãwU G‡m‡Q| gZ enb K‡i †h Zv‡K ejv nq
gZevjv ev gv‡Zvqvjv| A_©vr †h ev whwb nwiPuv` VvKzi‡i gZ MÖnY K‡i‡Qb
wZwbB g‡Zvqvjv| Avi GB g‡Zvqvjv †_‡KB G‡m‡Q gv‡Zvqviv|
e¨vKiYMZ w`K t gZ >gZevjv >g‡Zvqvjv Gi A_© m¤úªK‡l© gv‡Zvqviv|

13. cÖ t gZyqv k‡ãi A_© Kx?
D t gZ+Dqv = gZzqv, g~jZ gb+Z+Dqv)=gZzqv| ÔgZÕ k‡ãi A_©
AwfgZ| Dqv cÖZ¨q hy³ n‡q A_© `uvovq gZ m¤¦Üxq| A_©vr kªxkªxVvKz‡ii gZ
m¤¦Üxq|
†h ev whwb nwiPuv` VvKz‡ii ÔgZÕІK †g‡b †mB Av`k© enb K‡i P‡jb ev
†g‡b P‡jb wZwbB n‡jb ÔgZyqvÕ|
cÖ t gZzqvag© cÖeZ©‡bi Avmj D‡Ïk¨ Kx wQj?
D t gZzqvag© cÖwZôvi Avmj D‡Ïk¨ nj Kzms¯‹viv”Qbœ wk¶vnxb ag©nxb
cwZZ bgtRvwZmn Ab¨vb¨ AatcvwZZ RvwZ‡`i‡K GKwU a‡g©i e܇b Ave×
Kiv, Mvn©¯’ Rxe‡bi c~Y© kvwš—jv‡fi Dcvq wba©viY Kiv Ges mvgvwRK Amv‡g¨i
we‡jvc mvab K‡i wek¦Ð†mŠåvZ…Z¡‡eva cÖwZôv Kiv|
cÖ t gZzqva‡g©i cÖavb wb‡`©wkKv¸wj Kx Kx?
D t gZzqva‡g©i cÖavb wb‡`©wkKv¸wj n‡”QÑ 1) m`v mZ¨ K_v ejv, 2)
ci¯¿x‡K gvZ…Ávb Kiv, 3) wcZvgvZv‡K fw³ Kiv, 4) RMr‡K †cÖg`vb Kiv, 5)
cweÎ PwiÎ e¨w³i cÖwZ RvwZ‡f` bv Kiv, 6) KviI ag©wb›`v bv Kiv, 7) evn¨
A½ mvaymvR Z¨vM Kiv, 8) kªxnwigw›`i cÖwZôv Kiv, 9) lo wicyi wbKU †_‡K
mveavb _vKv, 10) nv‡Z Kvg gy‡L bvg Kiv, 11) ˆ`wbK cÖv_©bv Kiv I 12)
Ck¦‡i AvZ¥`vb Kiv|
cÖ t kªxnwigw›`i cÖwZôv Kiv A‡_© wK hyw³wenxb fw³ev‡`i K_v ejv nqwb?
D t bv, GLv‡b hyw³wenxb †Kv‡bv fw³ev‡`i K_v ejv nqwb| nwi ej‡Z
ˆew`Ka‡g©i ˆeKz‡Éi nwi‡K †evSv‡bv nqwb| gZzqv`k©‡b nwi ej‡Z mewKQz
niY K‡ib whwb| mewKQz ej‡Z †`‡ni RoZv I nƒ`‡qi gvwjb¨ A_©vr wnsmv I
N„Yvi gvbwmKZv, cikªxKvZiZv, bxPZv, BZ¨vw` hvi gva¨‡g `~ixf‚Z nq|
b¨vcivqYZv, mshg I wbôv, Pwi‡Îi mg¯— †`vl¸wj‡K `~ixf‚Z Ki‡Z cv‡i| GB
wZbwU ¸‡Yi mw¤§wjZ kw³‡KB nwi ejv n‡q‡Q|
cÖ t ˆ`wbK cÖv_©bv Ki‡Z ejvI wK †mB fw³ev‡`i K_v bq?
D t ˆ`wbK cÖv_©bv A‡_© wn›`y‡`i g‡Zv †Kv‡bv †`e‡`exi Kv‡Q AvZ¥wb‡e`b,
c~Rv ev †Kv‡bv wKQz Kvgbvi cÖv_©bv bq, AZz¨bœZ RxebPP©vq hv‡Z me©v½ my›`i
gbyl¨‡Z¡i weKvk N‡U, Zvi wbiš—i Abykxjb Kiv‡KB cÖv_©bv ejv n‡q‡Q|
cÖ t Ck¦‡i AvZ¥`vb ej‡ZB ev Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q?
D t gZzqva‡g© Ck¦‡ii msÁvB Avjv`v| Ò†h hv‡i D×vi K‡i †m Zvi
Ck¦i|ÕÕ D×vi A_©vr cwZZ Ae¯’v †_‡K DbœZZi Rxe‡b DËiY NUv‡bv| Avi

14. †mB Ck¦‡ii Av`k©, cvjb KivB AvZ¥`vb| GLv‡b kªxkªxnwiPuv` VvKziB
D×viKZ©v, Zuvi Av`k© AbymiY KivB Zuv‡K AvZ¥`vb|
cÖ t gZzqvag© wK wn›`ya‡g©i †Kv‡bv kvLvag©?
D t bv, gZzqvag© m¤ú~Y© Avjv`v GKwU ag©| GwU wn›`ya‡g©i †Kv‡bv kvLvag©
bq, Zvi m‡½ Gi †Kv‡bv m¤úK©I †bB| wn›`yag© †e`‡K gvb¨ K‡i ZvB
ˆew`Kag©, wKš‘ gZzqvag© †e` gv‡b bv, ZvB A‰ew`K ag©| gZzqva‡g© †Kv‡bv
†`e‡`exi ¯’vb †bB ev Zv‡`i c~Rv KiviI †Kv‡bv wewa †bB|
cÖ t wKš‘ A‡bK gZzqvag©x †jv‡Ki evwo‡Z wewfbœ †`e‡`exi c~Rvi cÖPjb
†`Lv hvq| nwiPuv` VvKz‡ii cÖwZK…wZi cv‡k bvbv †`e‡`exi cÖwZK…wZiI
Avivabv Ki‡Z †`Lv hvq, GUv wK wVK?
D t bv, GUv †Kv‡bvg‡ZB wVK bq| gZzqva‡g© †`e‡`exi c~Rv m¤ú~Y©
wbwl×| wKš‘ mvaviY gZzqviv AÁZvekZ Gme K‡i _v‡Kb| wKQz wKQz gZzqvag©
welqK eBÐcy¯—‡K weåvwš—g~jK †jLvq mvaviY gvby‡li g‡a¨ †`e‡`exi c~Rv
Kivi åvš— Af¨vm `~i nevi cwie‡Z© AviI †ewk K‡i cÖPwjZ nevi cÖeYZv j¶
Kiv hv‡”Q|
cÖ t nwiPuv` VvKzi‡K AwaKvsk †jvKB Ck¦‡ii AeZvi e‡jb| GUv ejv wK
mgxPxb?
D t bv, †gv‡UB mgxPxb bq| wn›`yag© Qvov c„w_exi Ab¨ †Kv‡bv a‡g©
ÔAeZviÕ †bB| AeZvi GKwU eªvþY Fwl‡`i KvíwbK PvZzh©c~Y© Dcvwa|
gZzqvag© hLb wn›`yag© †_‡K ¯^Zš¿ GKwU ag©, ZLb AeZvi ejviI †Kv‡bv KviY
†bB| nwiPuv` VvKzi GKRb i³gvs‡m Mov gnvgvbe, gZzqva‡g©i cÖwZôvZv|
†eŠ×a‡g©i cÖwZôvZv †MŠZg eyׇKI wn›`yiv AeZvi e‡j| wKš‘ Zuvi AbyMvgx
†eŠ×iv e‡jb bv|
cÖ t gZzqva‡g©i cÖavb ˆewkó¨¸wj Kx Kx?
D t gZzqva‡g©i cÖavb ˆewkó¨¸wj nj mZ¨Ð†cÖgÐcweÎZv,
mvg¨ÐˆgÎxÐåvZ…Z¡, mK‡ji cÖwZ fv‡jvevmv, KvD‡K †Qv‡Uv ev bxP bv fvev,
mK‡ji Rb¨ mgvb ¯^vaxbZv, mgvb AwaKvi, KvíwbK †Kv‡bv Ck¦‡ii mÜvb bv
K‡i gvby‡li Z_v Rxe‡mevi g‡a¨B Ck¦i`k©‡bi fvebv BZ¨vw`|
cÖ t gZzqvag© wK Ab¨ †Kv‡bv ag©‡K AbymiY K‡i?
D t gZzqvag© A‡bKUvB fvi‡Zi cÖvPxb mbvZbag© I †eŠ×ag©‡K AbymiY
K‡i| Z‡e Zvi †_‡KI G‡K AviI mnR mij M„nag©x, hyw³ev`x I weÁvbm¤§Z
Kiv n‡q‡Q|

15. cÖ t gZzqva‡g©i wK Ab¨ †Kv‡bv bvgI ejv hvq?
D t G Rb¨ gZzqvag©‡K Ôm~² mbvZbag©Õ wKsev †eŠ×a‡g©i be ms¯‹iYI
ejv hvq|
cÖ t gZzqvag©‡K m~² mbvZbag© ejvi KviY Kx?
D t cÖvPxb mbvZba‡g©i m‡½ gZzqva‡g©i eûjvs‡kB wgj Av‡Q| mvg¨ I
b¨vqЈbwZKZvi wfwˇZ M‡o IVv Avw` mbvZba‡g© †Kv‡bv eY©‡f` wQj bv,
Rb¥MZ Kvi‡Y †KD DuPz, †KD bxPz wQ‡jb bv| mgv‡R mKj wel‡qB mK‡ji wQj
mgvbvwaKvi| gZzqvag©I GB mKj‡K wfwË K‡i cÖewZ©Z n‡q‡Q| GBRb¨ GB
ag©‡K Ôm~² mbvZb ag©Õ bv‡g AwfwnZ Kiv nq| GB bvgwU mwVKfv‡eB
gZzqva‡g©i m‡½ cÖ‡hvR¨|
cÖ t ˆew`K ev wn›`yag©‡K wK mbvZbag© ejv hvq?
D t ˆew`K ev wn›`yag©‡K KLbB mbvZbag© ejv hvq bv| wn›`yiv †Rvi K‡i
wb‡R‡`i ag©‡K mbvZbag© wnmv‡e Rvwni Ki‡jI Zv cÖK…Z mbvZbag© bq|
KviY, ˆew`Ka‡g©i g~jbxwZ‡ZB i‡q‡Q DuPzbxPz, eY©cÖ_v I RvZcv‡Zi we‡f‡`i
exR| GKK_vq ˆew`Kag© nj Amv‡g¨i ag©| cÖvPxb mbvZba‡g© Amv‡g¨i
†Kv‡bv ¯’vb wQj bv| G QvovI wewfbœ mg‡q ˆew`Ka‡g©i GZ cwieZ©b, cwiea©b
Ges ci¯úi we‡ivax gZev‡` wnwRwewR Kiv n‡q‡Q †h, Zvi mbvZbZ¡ Avi
wKQyB Aewkó †bB| cÖvPxb cÖvK…Z mbvZba‡g©i m¤ú~Y© wecixZ n‡”Q GB
ˆew`Kag©|
cÖ t gZzqvag© †h †eŠ×a‡g©i GK be ms¯‹iY G K_vi cÖgvY Kx?
D t gZzqvag© †h †eŠ×a‡g©i GK be ms¯‹iY, G K_vi mg_©b Avgiv
kªxkªxnwijxjvg„Z MÖ‡š’B cvB, †hLv‡b Kwe ZviKP›`ª miKvi e‡j‡QbÑ Òeyׇ`e
Kvgbv Zvnv cwic~Y© Rb¨| h‡kvgš— M„‡n nwi ˆnj AeZxY© Ó
cÖ t gZzqvag© Kxfv‡e Rbmvavi‡Yi g‡a¨ cÖPvi jvf K‡i?
D t nwiPuv` VvKz‡ii cÖPvwiZ gZzqva‡g©i gnvb Av`‡k© DØy× n‡q †Zwj,
gvwj, Kcvwj, Kvq¯’, ˆe`¨, wLªóvb, gymjgvb BZ¨vw` RvwZa‡g©i †jv‡Kiv
gZzqvag© MÖnY Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡ib|
cÖ t ag© cÖPv‡ii m‡½ m‡½ nwiPuv` VvKzi Avi Kx Dc‡`k w`‡Zb?
D t ag© cÖPv‡ii m‡½ m‡½ GB RvwZi DbœwZK‡í Ges wb‡R‡`i cÖvPxb
HwZn¨‡K wd‡i cvIqvi Rb¨ †h mK‡ji g‡a¨ wk¶vcÖmv‡ii cÖ‡qvRb GB
Dc‡`kB wZwb w`‡Zb|
cÖ t wk¶v`v‡bi Rb¨ wZwb Kx K‡iwQ‡jb?

16. D t wk¶v`v‡bi Rb¨ wZwb Zuvi ¯^íKvjxb RxeÏkvq ZLbKvi cwi‡ek
cwiw¯’wZi g‡a¨ we‡kl wKQz K‡i †h‡Z cv‡ibwb| wKš‘ mKj‡K †hgb Dc‡`k
w`‡q †M‡Qb, †Zgwb wZwb Zuvi GB Ac~Y© KvR c~Y© Kivi Rb¨ cyÎ ¸i“Puv`
VvKzi‡K wb‡`©k w`‡q hvb|
cÖ t A‡b‡K e‡jb, nwiPuv` VvKzi ˆeòe ag©‡K ms¯‹vi K‡i gZzqvag©
K‡i‡Qb| G K_vi mZ¨Zv Kx?
D t G K_vi †Kv‡bv mZ¨Zv †bB| ˆeò‡eiv Av‡M †hLv‡b wQj AvRI
†mLv‡bB Av‡Q| nwiPuv` VvKzi ˆeòe‡`i †Nvi we‡ivax wQ‡jb| ˆeòeag© wn›`y
Z_v eªvþY¨a‡g©i Aš—M©Z GKwU kvLv gvÎ| nwiPuv` VvKzi Rvb‡Zb eªvþY¨a‡g©i
†Kv‡bv wKQy‡KB ms¯‹vi Kiv m¤¢e bq| †Kbbv ¯^v_©v‡š^lx eªvþY¨ag©xiv †Kv‡bv
Kv‡jB Zv‡`i a‡g©i ms¯‹vi †g‡b †b‡e bv| ZvB wZwb ag©nxb‡`i Rb¨ GK bZzb
ag©cÖeZ©b K‡i‡Qb| ˆeòe‡`i KUv¶ K‡iI wZwb e‡j‡QbÑ Òcv‡ci †emvwZ
me †Svjvi wfZi| †Svjv †d‡j †Lvjv n‡q bvg Ki mvi Ó Aevi Ò†Kv_vq
eªvþY †`L †Kv_vq ˆeòe| ¯^v_©e‡k A_©‡jvfx hZ fÊ me Zš¿-gš¿ †fK †Svjv
me auvauvevRx| cweÎ ü`q †i‡L nI Kv‡Ri KvRx Ó
cÖ t gZzqvag© m¤ú‡K© Kwe ZviKP›`ª miKvi Kx e‡j‡Qb?
D t Kwe ZviKP›`ª miKvi e‡j‡QbÑ Ògvjv †Ucv †duvUv KvUv Rj †djv
bvB| nv‡Z Kvg gy‡L bvg, gb †Lvjv PvB mnR M„n¯’ ag© me© ag© mvi| M„nx‡K
wgjv‡e gyw³ kªxnwi Avgvi Ó
cÖ t gZzqvag© I wn›`ya‡g©i g‡a¨ cÖavb cÖavb cv_©K¨¸wj Kx Kx?
D t gZzqvag© GKwU ¯^Zš¿ A‰ew`K ag©| wn›`yag© Z_v ˆew`Ka‡g©i m‡½ Gi
AvKvk cvZvj ZdvZ, AíK_vq G¸wj e¨vL¨v Kiv LyeB gykwKj| ch©vqµ‡g
†gvUvgywU ejv n‡”Q|
1) gZzqvag© †h wn›`yag© †_‡K Avjv`v, Zvi cÖ_g Ges cÖavb cÖgvYB njÑ
Ò†e`wewa bvwn gv‡b gZzqviMY|Ó †e`B nj wn›`y‡`i Avmj ag©MÖš’,
me©Rbgvb¨| wn›`y‡`i g‡Z †e` Aåvš—, †e` m¤ú‡K© †Kv‡bv cÖkœ Kiv Pj‡e bv|
GRb¨B wn›`ya‡g©i Avmj bvg ˆew`K ag©| Zv n‡j huviv †e`‡K gv‡bb bv, Zuviv
Kx K‡i wn›`y n‡eb? GUv wbZvš—B Ag~jK|
2) wn›`y Z_v eªvþY¨ `k©‡b GKwU gZev` n‡”Q AvZ¥vi gyw³ jv‡fi Rb¨
ˆew`K hÁ I ag©xq Abyôvb h_vh_iƒ‡c m¤úbœ Kiv Ges eªvþY‡K Dc‡XŠKb
BZ¨vw` `vb Kiv| hvMhÁ gv‡bB ewj`vb cÖ_v A_©vr RxenZ¨v| RxenZ¨v K‡i
Ges eªvþY‡K `vb Ki‡jB ag©jvf Z_v gyw³jvf nq| G K_v VvKzi nwiPuv`

17. gv‡bb bv|
3) eªvþY¨ `k©‡b Avi GKwU gZev` n‡”QÑ PZze©Y© e¨e¯’v| GwU nj eªvþY,
¶wÎq, ˆek¨ Ges k~`ª GB PviwU e‡Y©i mgvR e¨e¯’v| GB mgvR e¨e¯’v †e‡`
Av‡Q| †e` †h‡nZz Aåvš— Ges †e‡`i KZ…©Z¡ †h‡nZz cÖkœvZxZ, †mB †nZz GB
mgvR e¨e¯’vwUI Aek¨ cvjbxq Ges cÖkœvZxZ| GB mgvR e¨e¯’vq mvg¨ _vK‡e
bv| m‡e©v‡”P _vK‡e eªvþY| eªvþ‡Yi bx‡P ¶wÎq, wKš‘ Zviv Aek¨B _vK‡e
ˆe‡k¨i Dc‡i| ˆek¨ ¶w·qi bx‡P, wKš‘ k~‡`ªi Dc‡i| Avi k~`ªiv _vK‡e
mK‡ji bx‡P|
4) GB mgvR e¨e¯’vq cÖ‡Z¨KwU e‡Y©i †ckvI wbw`©ó K‡i †`Iqv n‡q‡Q|
eªvþ‡Yi †ckv n‡”Q wk¶vjvf Kiv I wk¶v`vb Kiv Ges ag©xq Abyôvb D`&hvcb
Kiv| ¶wÎq‡`i †ckv hy×, ˆe‡k¨i †ckv e¨emvevwYR¨ Ges k~‡`ªi †ckv Ab¨
wZb e‡Y©i †mev Kiv| GB †ckvq †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b Kiv Pj‡e bv| cyi“lvbyµ‡g
GUv Pj‡ZB _vK‡e| G Qvov wk¶vi AwaKvi †_‡K mg¯— bvix mgvR I k~`ª‡`i
ewÂZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ gZzqva‡g© bvix-cyi“l mK‡jiB mgvb AwaKvi ¯^xK…Z|
5) ˆew`Kag© hyw³-weÁvb ewnf©~Z AjxK Kíbvi Dci cÖwZwôZ| eY©wfwËK
mgvR e¨e¯’vi GB a‡g© mevi Dc‡i eªvþY i‡q‡Q e‡jB Gi GK bvg eªvþY¨ag©|
GB ag©g‡Z eªþvi gv_v †_‡K eªvþY, evû †_‡K ¶wÎq, Di“ †_‡K ˆek¨ Ges cv
†_‡K k~‡`ªi m„wó n‡q‡Q| †e`, eªþY, cyivY, MxZv, fvMeZ, ivgvqY, gnvfviZ
mKj kv¯¿MÖ‡š’ eY©ev‡`i K_v Av‡Q| g~‡j PvieY©xq n‡jI e‡Y©i g‡a¨I Avevi
nvRvi nvRvi RvwZ‡Z (cÖvq Qq nvRvi) wef³| GK RvwZi Ab¨ RvwZi m‡½
weevnvw` ev †Kv‡bv mvgvwRK wµqvKg© P‡j bv| GK RvwZ Ab¨ RvwZi Avnvi
K‡i bv| mewKQy‡Z we‡f`| wbæe‡Y©i wn›`y hZB PwiÎevb, Ava¨vwZ¥K ¸Ym¤úbœ
†nvb bv †Kb, wZwb †Kv‡bv eªvþ‡Yi mgK¶ n‡Z cv‡ib bv| ag©xq Kv‡Ri
AwaKvix GKgvÎ eªvþYB| GgbwK wbæe‡Y©i †jvK‡`i †e` cv‡Vi AwaKvi
†bB| †e` gvb‡Z n‡e A_P cov hv‡e bvÑ K_vUv ci¯úi we‡ivax| eªvþ‡Yiv
†e‡`i ePb e‡j hv e‡j †`‡e ZvB gvb‡Z n‡e! mZ¨ wg_¨v Rvbvi AwaKvi KviI
†bB! Avevi G Rb¨ e¨e¯’vI K‡i‡Q PgrKviÑ †jLvcov wk‡L hw` †e` c‡o
†d‡j †KD, ZvB †jLvcov †kLvB gvbv!
6) ˆew`Ka‡g© bvix bi‡Ki Øvi! ag©K‡g© Zvi †Kv‡bv ¯’vb †bB| k~‡`ªi gZB
bvix‡KI †e`cvV I kªeY Kivi AwaKvi †`Iqv nqwb| gZzqva‡g© GB AgvbweK
ixwZ‡K ¯’vb †`Iqv nqwb| nwiPuv` VvKzi e‡j‡QbÑ Ò†f`v‡f` Ávb bvB bvix
wK cyi“l|Ó Ab¨Î e‡j‡QbÑ ÒKwi‡e Mvn©¯’¨ ag© j‡q wbR bvix|Ó

18. 7) G Qvov wn›`ya‡g© Av‡Q A¯ú„k¨Zv| wbæe‡Y©i A‡bK m¤cÖ`vq Ges
Avw`evmx †kªwYi gvbyl D”PeY© wn›`yi Kv‡Q A¯ú„k¨| G‡`i Quy‡jI bvwK cvc nq|
wn›`ya‡g©i weavb`vZv gby k~`ª I A¯ú„k¨‡`i m¤^‡Ü e‡j‡QbÑ Ò†e`cvV kªeY
Ki‡j k~‡`ªi Kv‡b MwjZ †jvnv, mxmv ev jv¶v w`‡q eÜ Ki‡e; D”PviY Ki‡j
wRf †K‡U †dj‡e; hw` gyL¯’ n‡q hvq Zvi †`n †K‡U wØLwÊZ Ki‡e|Ó ÒeªvþY
Rb¥vevi m‡½ m‡½ †`eZv‡`iI c~R¨ nq| me©cÖKvi cvcx n‡jI eªvþY‡K KLbI
ea Ki‡e bv|Ó (civki mswnZv) wn›`ykv‡¯¿i me©Î eªvþ‡Yi ¸YMvb| ÔwbK…ó
eªvþY ¸Yx k~‡`ªi †P‡q †kªô|Õ gZzqva‡g© RvwZ‡f` cÖ_v †bB| gZzqvi P‡¶ mevB
mgvb| R‡b¥i Øviv gvbyl N„Y¨ ev c~R¨ nq bv, nq K‡g©i Øviv| eªvþY e‡j †Kv‡bv
we‡kl AwaKvify³ gvbyl gZzqva‡g© †bB| gZzqva‡g© cig cyi“lv_© †cÖg| †cÖ‡gi
ØvivB †cÖggq‡K cvIqv hvq|
8) wn›`ya‡g©i †jvK Ab¨ ag© MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i; wKš‘ Ab¨ a‡g©i †jvK
wn›`yag© MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv| GUv wn›`ya‡g©i weavb| GB weavb gZzqviv gv‡bb
bv| Ab¨ a‡g©i †jvK gZzqv n‡Z cv‡ib nwiPuv` VvKz‡ii Øv`k AvÁv cvjb K‡i,
nwibvg Avkªq K‡i|
G Qvov AviI eû cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q hv mvaviY gZzqviv cvjb K‡ib bv ev
mwVKfv‡e Rv‡bbI bv| gZzqv‡`i ˆew`K eªvþY w`‡q ag©Kvh© wb®úbœ KiviI
†Kv‡bv cÖ‡qvRb †bB| nwiPuv`cyÎ ¸i“Puv` VvKzi e‡j‡Qb, †e`wewa, †kŠPv‡kŠP,
Zš¿gš¿, ïfvïfÑ G me wKQy‡Z Zuvi wek¦vm †bB| wZwb gZzqv‡`i G me eR©b
Ki‡Z wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb| hvMhÁ, mbœ¨vm ev evbcÖ‡¯’i †Kv‡bv cÖ‡qvRb †bB|
eªvþY ¸i“i Kv‡Q `x¶v †bIqv ev Zx_©åg‡YiI `iKvi †bB| N‡i †_‡KB wbôvi
m‡½ Mvn©¯’¨ ag© cvj‡bi wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb wZwb|
cÖ t wKQy wKQy gZzqv †MuvmvB Ôgnwl©Õ ÔAvb›`Õ Ô†Mv¯^vgxÕ ÔgnvivRÕ BZ¨vw`
eªvþY¨ag©x Dcvwa MÖnY K‡i wb‡R wb‡RB ¸i“ †m‡R `x¶v w`‡”Qb| Gme wK
gZzqvag© Aby‡gv`b K‡i?
D t bv, G¸wj gZzqva‡g© m¤ú~Y©fv‡e wbwl×| huviv Gme K‡i †eovb Zuviv
nwiиi“Puv‡`i ag©Ð`k©b A_©vr gZzqvag©‡K bv ey‡S ˆew`Ka‡g©i AbymiY K‡i
Gme K‡i _v‡Kb| Zuv‡`i DwPZ gZzqva‡g©i `k©b‡K mwVK Dcjwä K‡i
Awej‡¤¦ Gme cwiZ¨vM Kiv|
cÖ t A‡b‡K gZzqvg‡Z wµqvKg© Kivi eBI wj‡L‡Qb| ¸i“c~Rv, AÄwj,
ˆb‡e`¨ BZ¨vw`i Rb¨ ms¯‹…‡Z gš¿ wj‡L‡Qb| Gme wK wVK?
D t bv, Gme KLbB wVK bq| Gme m¤ú~Y© ˆew`K wµqvK‡g©iB Abyiƒc|

19. gZzqva‡g© †hgb ¸i“ev‡`i †Kv‡bv ¯’vb †bB, †Zgwb ms¯‹„Z g‡š¿iI †Kv‡bv gv‡b
†bB| G mg¯— K‡i gZzqvag©Uv‡K Zuviv bZzb K‡i eªvþY¨ag©x K‡i Zz‡j‡Qb|
ïaygvÎ ˆcZvavix eªvþY eR©bB n‡q‡Q Zv‡Z| ˆew`K ms¯‹viÑ nwiPuv` VvKzi
hvi †Nvi we‡ivax wQ‡jb, Zv †_‡K †ewi‡q G‡m m¤ú~Y© gZzqvag©g‡Z wµqv Zvi
Øviv n‡”Q bv|
cÖ t gZzqvag© cÖeZ©b wK GKUv ag©wec-e bq?
D t Aek¨B| eªvþY¨ev`x fviZe‡l© gZzqvag© cÖeZ©bÑ †e`, eªvþY, hvMhÁ
we‡ivax G GK ag©v‡›`vjb ev ag©wec-e Qvov Avi wKQyB bq| RvZcvZ, ag©eY©,
m¤cÖ`vq BZ¨vw` we‡f`cš’x‡`i wei“‡× nwiPuv` VvKzi KZ©„K G GK hy× †NvlYv|
gZzqviv cÖ‡Z¨KB †mB hy‡× GKÐGKRb ˆmwbK, †h hy‡× bvix I cyi“‡liv mgvb
gh©v`vq cÖwZwôZ|
cÖ t ÔgZzqvag©Õ-Gi wbkv‡bi iO Kx?
D t wbkv‡bi iO n‡jvÑ w·KvY jvj e‡Y©i cZvKvi wZbw`‡K mv`v
cÖvš—‡iLv|
cÖ t gZzqv wbkvb Kx‡mi cÖZxK?
D t jvj A_©vr wec-e ev AMÖMwZ Ges mv`v A_©vr kvwš—i cÖZxK| g~jZ kvwš—i
Rb¨ wec-e|
cÖ t gZzqv‡`i GB wec-e Kx‡mi Rb¨?
D t mgv‡Ri A¯ú„k¨Zv, Amvg¨Zv, Kzms¯‹vi, AgvbweKZv I gvbexq
†f`v‡f` `~i K‡i mvg¨ cÖwZôvi Rb¨ wec-e|
cÖ t gZyqv‡`i e¨enƒZ wZbwU ev`¨h‡š¿i bvg Kx Kx?
D t RqW¼v ev W¼v, Kuvmi I wkOv|
cÖ t gZzqv‡`i nv‡Zi wbkvb, RqW¼v, Kuvwm I wkOvi aŸwb Kx‡mi cÖZxK
enb K‡i?
D t wec-e Ges hy×R‡qi cÖZxK nj gZzqvi nv‡Zi wbkvbÑ hv Avm‡j
weRqcZvKvI e‡U| †mB hy×R‡qi †NvlYv Z_v Db¥v`bv‡K AviI gvby‡li Kv‡Q
†cŠu‡Q w`‡q DØy× Ki‡Z aŸwbZ nq RqW¼v, Kuvmi I wkOvi aŸwb|