The document discusses handoff schemes for high-speed mobile internet services. It covers horizontal handoffs, which involve changing access points within the same network, and vertical handoffs, which involve changing network technologies. It proposes two schemes: 1) Performing authentication for neighboring access points in advance to reduce handoff latency. 2) Creating a Handoff Management System Multi-Network (HMSMN) architecture to manage handoffs across different network types. Both schemes aim to make handoffs faster and more seamless for users moving between access points and network technologies at high speeds.

1. GTU PG SCHOOL
BISAG Gandhinagar
Handoff Scheme for High-speed
Mobile Internet Services
Vrajesh Parikh
WIMC 2014
1st
sem
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2. Topics Covered
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1. Introduction and Base environment and terminologies
2. Horizontal Hand-off
3. Vertical Hand-off
4. Proposed scheme, Conclusion and critical view

3. Issues in Mobility with High
Speed Internet

Reliable user authentication and mobility

Network security at speed

Device flexibility

Delay time in hand off
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4. Types of Handoff and Mobility

Vertical Handoff :- Changing the technology for
connectivity.

Horizontal Handoff:-changing access point for
connectivity.

Macro-mobility refers to the inter-domain
movement.

Micro-mobility refers to localized mobility in a
domain.
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5. HORIZONTAL HANDOFF

Horizontal Handoff:-
Handoff happening between two cells of same
networks.A user moving from one access point to
the second access point is the example of horizontal
handoff.
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6. HORIZONTAL HANDOFF
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7. HORIZONTAL HANDOFF

When the horizontal handoff occurs between two MS there
is no changes in access technology.

No change in Network interface

QoS parameter don’t changed
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8. LIMITATIONS
1.Not able to use different technology when
horizontal handoff occur
2.Break-before-make in horizontal handover is that a
mobile node can make a new network connection
only after disconnecting the old connection.
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9. Why Vertical Handoff?
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• The vertical handoff mechanism
allows a terminal device to change
networks between different types
of networks (e.g., between 3G and
4G networks) in a way that is
completely transparent to end user
applications
• Vertical Handoff refers to a
network node changing the type of
connectivity it uses to access a
supporting infrastructure, usually to
support node mobility.
• For example, a suitably equipped
laptop might be able to use both a
high speed wireless LAN and
a cellular technology
for Internet access.

10. Vertical Handoff Process
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• 1.System Discovery The device must know which wireless networks are
reachable.
• 2.Handoff Decision Then evaluates the reachable wireless networks to
make a decision.
• 3.Handoff Execution If the device decides to perform a VHO, it executes
the VHO procedure required to be associated with the new wireless network.
• After this completion of this three steps the device and the base station
executes on end to end approach.

11. Strong Points of Vertical Handoff
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• Low Latency Handoff: make the switch between networks as seamless as possible for
disruption-intolerant applications and with as little data loss as possible.
• Power Savings: minimize the power drain due to multiple simultaneously active
network interfaces.
• Bandwidth Overhead: minimize the amount of additional network traffic used to
implement handoffs.
• Discovering the right time to perform handoffs in a wireless channel whose behavior
can be difficult to predict and characterize.

12. Limitations
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• It handles all the connections in same manner.
• Only the best one wireless access point we can use at time.
• All wireless interfaces must be used as part of the same Mobile IP and DNS
infrastructure since mobile nodes and peers must be able to reach the Mobile IP and
DNS server.
• The networks with nodes that may not be part of p2p infrastructure due to this data
packets are lost. . Usually the peer to peer connections are most efficient because
sometimes they offer shortcuts for slow and expensive infrastructure.
• Interoperation with commercially available services and technologies that we cannot
modify.

13. Approach 1 -Proposed Handoff
Scheme [1]
• The objective of the proposed handoff scheme is to
reduce the handoff latency caused by authentication
procedures at the new AP.
• MH performs authentication procedures for
neighboring APs, when initial registration is
performed.
• The key issue in this scheme is how to select the
neighboring APs to be authenticated in advance.
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14. Prediction Based Proposal
Handoff prediction algorithms [1]
– Previous mobility patterns
– Most MHs in public WLAN systems are visiting as
temporary hosts without any regular mobility patterns.
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15. Approach 2-Creating HMSMN[2]
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Diagram 1:
Hand Off
Management System
Multi Networks

16. HMSMN coupled architectures
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17. HOW the HMSMN Works?
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18. Conclusion and Critical Review
• Results are definitely better than how the ideal system works
• [1]The response relayed to the MH through to the current AP should
contain a variety of information such as the session key, multiple WEP
keys, etc.
• [1] However, the average handoff latency is more than 40ms when the
fast handoff scheme is not used.
• [2] Handoff Performance from cdma2000 to WLAN network, Handoff
Performance from WLAN to cdma2000 network, But specifies that the
same can be done with the cdma 2000, WiMAX, WLAN, Bluetooth
etc.
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19. References
1. Fast handoff scheme based on mobility prediction In public wireless LAN systems, S. Pack and Y. Choi,
IEE Proceedings online no. 20040834, IEE Proc.-Commune., Vol. 151, No. 5, October 2004
2. A Client-based Vertical Handoff Approach for Seamless Mobility in Next Generation Wireless, Yong-
Sung Kim, Dong-Hee Kwon, Young-Joo Suh ,Networks 978-1-4244-2413-9/08/$25.00 ©2008 IEEE
3. IEEE Xplore : Wang Tong; Wang Xingwei; Huang Min "Coarse and Fine-Grained Crossover Free Search
Based Handover Decision Scheme with ABC Supported", Distributed Computing and Applications to
Business, Engineering & Science (DCABES), 2013 12th International Symposium on, On page(s): 222 -
226
4. M. E. Anagnostou and G. C. Manos, "Handover related performance of mobile communication networks."
Proc. 44th IEEE VJC. 1994, DD. 11 1-14.
5. IEEE Xplore: Safdar Rizvi; Asif Aziz, N.M. Saad;” An Overview of Vertical Handoff Decision Policies
for Next Generation Wireless Network” ,Department of IEEE of Malesiya
6. IEEE Network Selection with Joint Vertical and Horizontal Handoff in Heterogeneous WLAN and Mobile
WiMax Systems
7. A Survey on Handovers Literature for Next Generation Wireless Networks
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20. Queries
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