Han empire
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This is a another piece of work about ancient civilizations. This was one of goals for the whole semester. The title of this class was "the dawn of civilization" and I think we did a very good job of teaching us about it.
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This document provides an overview of the content in a chapter about early civilizations, including:
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- The earliest settlements in the Nile Valley began around 7,000 years ago in an area called KEMET. King Menes later unified Egypt by building the city of Memphis.
- Ancient Egyptian history is divided into three main periods - the Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, and New Kingdom. The Old and Middle Kingdoms saw periods of unity and decentralization. The New Kingdom began when Egypt repelled foreign invaders.
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The ancient Egypt
1. Ancient Egypt grew around the Nile River, which flooded annually and provided fertile land. Egypt was divided into Upper and Lower Egypt.
2. Around 3100 BC, King Menes unified Upper and Lower Egypt, beginning Egypt's civilization. Major periods included the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms. The pharaoh ruled as both political and religious leader.
3. Egyptian society was divided into classes like nobles, merchants, and peasants. Agriculture along the Nile supported the economy, while arts, mathematics, and religion also flourished under important gods like Ra, Osiris, and Horus.
Ancient egypt jazmine
The document discusses the history and geography of ancient Egypt. It describes how Egypt is divided into upper and lower Egypt and has western and eastern deserts. It also notes the Nile River deposited rich soil along its banks and that cataracts along the river made sailing difficult. Key periods of ancient Egyptian history mentioned include the Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, and New Kingdom, along with some important pharaohs from each like Khufu, Senusret I, and Ramesses II.
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1) The document discusses political developments in ancient civilizations including Persia, India, China, and the Mediterranean region between dynasties/empires and republic/imperial rule.
2) Centralized authority developed under absolute monarchs in Persia and imperial dynasties in China, though India experienced more regionalism.
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This document provides an overview of the content in a chapter about early civilizations, including:
1) Early humans transitioned from nomadic hunter-gatherers to settled farmers who built villages like Jericho and Catal Hoyuk.
2) Mesopotamia's early civilizations developed along the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, with influential Sumerian city-states inventing writing and new technologies.
3) Powerful empires later arose in Mesopotamia, including the Assyrian Empire which controlled many provinces through military force, and the Chaldean Empire with King Nebuchadnezzar rebuilding Babylon's famous landmarks.
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Both the Roman Empire and Imperial China expanded their territories through force from around 1000 BCE to 565 CE. While there was likely no direct trade between the two regions due to natural barriers separating them, both empires continued expanding their lands through military might. Both societies also placed importance on art, government, and establishing control over their populations as their empires grew and changed over time.
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Egypt grew around the Nile River, which flooded annually and provided fertile land. Egypt was divided into Upper and Lower Egypt. Around 3100 BC, King Menes unified Egypt and began the Egyptian civilization. Egypt was then divided into four historical periods: the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms and the Late Period. Egyptian society was divided into privileged and non-privileged classes. The economy relied on agriculture along the Nile. Egyptians had advances in mathematics, astronomy, and built temples and tombs decorated with paintings and sculpture.
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The document summarizes information about ancient Egypt, including:
- The earliest settlements in the Nile Valley began around 7,000 years ago in an area called KEMET. King Menes later unified Egypt by building the city of Memphis.
- Ancient Egyptian history is divided into three main periods - the Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, and New Kingdom. The Old and Middle Kingdoms saw periods of unity and decentralization. The New Kingdom began when Egypt repelled foreign invaders.
- Pharaohs, usually male rulers considered both political and religious leaders, governed Egypt. Famous pharaohs included Hatshepsut, Akhenaten, and Ramesses II. Ancient Egypt
The ancient Egypt
1. Ancient Egypt grew around the Nile River, which flooded annually and provided fertile land. Egypt was divided into Upper and Lower Egypt.
2. Around 3100 BC, King Menes unified Upper and Lower Egypt, beginning Egypt's civilization. Major periods included the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms. The pharaoh ruled as both political and religious leader.
3. Egyptian society was divided into classes like nobles, merchants, and peasants. Agriculture along the Nile supported the economy, while arts, mathematics, and religion also flourished under important gods like Ra, Osiris, and Horus.
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The document discusses the history and geography of ancient Egypt. It describes how Egypt is divided into upper and lower Egypt and has western and eastern deserts. It also notes the Nile River deposited rich soil along its banks and that cataracts along the river made sailing difficult. Key periods of ancient Egyptian history mentioned include the Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, and New Kingdom, along with some important pharaohs from each like Khufu, Senusret I, and Ramesses II.
Classical civs political development
1) The document discusses political developments in ancient civilizations including Persia, India, China, and the Mediterranean region between dynasties/empires and republic/imperial rule.
2) Centralized authority developed under absolute monarchs in Persia and imperial dynasties in China, though India experienced more regionalism.
3) Major political developments included standardized systems, bureaucracies, taxes, infrastructure projects, and use of military and religion to increase authority and integrate diverse populations.
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Ancient Egypt was located along the fertile Nile River valley. The predictable flooding of the Nile provided rich silt that made the land ideal for agriculture. Farming was based around the seasonal flooding of the Nile. Egypt was united under a dynastic system in which power was passed down families. Major construction projects like the pyramids were built during stable periods like the Old Kingdom. The Middle Kingdom saw Egypt become a world trade power. The New Kingdom expanded Egypt's borders through military campaigns.
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- The Old Kingdom established Egypt as a theocratic monarchy ruled by absolute pharaohs as living gods. Society was organized into peasants, officials, and the pharaoh's relatives who held no individual power.
- The New Kingdom expanded Egypt's empire through its first permanent army but was later plagued by invasions and broke into small states. It saw the rise of monotheism under Akhenaten and a return to polytheism later.
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Lecture SlidesbyRobert Tignor • Jeremy Adelman • Stephen.docx
Lecture Slides
by
Robert Tignor • Jeremy Adelman • Stephen Aron • Peter Brown • Benjamin Elman • Stephen Kotkin • Xinru Liu • Suzanne Marchand • Holly Pittman • Gyan Prakash • Brent Shaw • Michael Tsin
Lecture Slides
Chapter 7
HAN DYNASTY CHINA AND IMPERIAL ROME, 300 BCE=300 CE
Han China and Imperial Rome:
How Globalizing Empires Were Built
Unprecedented power: Roman and Han characteristics
Size, quality, and lasting worldwide impact
Cultural, economic, and administrative control
Empire and cultural identity
Han
Civilian magistrates and bureaucrats were public servants
Emulated past models for empire’s ideals
Elites shared common language
Belief in ancestor worship
Rome
Definition of citizenship changed over time
Pragmatic innovation and adaptation as empire’s ideals
Common language was Latin
Patterns of Imperial Expansion
Both Han Chinese and Romans consolidated power within their geographical limits using a common legal framework
They had different patterns of development, types of public servants, and government practices
Han looked to past for methods; Romans used pragmatism to define methods
United huge territories and diverse populations within an imperial framework
Both became models for later empire builders
Provided a vision for a common identity
East Asia, 206 BCE–220 CE
WORLDS TOGETHER, WORLDS APART, 5TH EDITION
© 2018 W. W. Norton & Co., Inc.
Map 7.1 | East Asia, 206 BCE–220 CE
Both the Qin and the Han dynasties consolidated much of East Asia into one large regional empire.
• According to the map, what physical features imposed a limit to this territorial expansion?
• Why was the defensive wall so long, and why was it placed facing north?
• What impact did the pastoral Xiongnu have on each empire’s effort to consolidate a large territorial state?
• According to your reading, why did the Han expand their influence farther west than the Qin?
5
The Qin Dynasty
Integration of vast territory through administrative and economic innovations
Political organization and control
Commanderies (provinces) with civilian and military governors
Registration of males for army and public labor
Control by censorship
Standardized weights, measures, and currency
Legalism
Stability through strict law and punishment
Group responsibility for individuals
Qin orthodoxy
Improved communications through road systems
Standardized writing style
Economic and Social Changes under the Qin Dynasty
Expansion of agriculture
Role of government
Role of peasant farmers
Economic changes
Farms replace royal manors
Profit from surpluses
Business and labor contracts
Long-distance trade
Merchant class and trade networks
Government trade tariffs
Defense and Expansion
The Xiongnu and the Qin along the northern frontier
Beginnings of the Great Wall
Qin relationship with Xiongnu nomadic warriors: delicate balance
The Qin debacle
Qin collapse
Constant warfare led to heavy taxes
Former nobles and conscripted workers mutiny
Civil war
.
505
Rome was located near the west coast of Italy on seven hills near the Tiber River. While expansion helped the Roman Empire grow, it also displaced small farmers from their land. Rome had a Mediterranean climate well-suited for farming crops like grains, vegetables, and olives. As Carthage's power grew, Rome began limiting its expansion, leading to the Punic Wars. Christianity became the dominant religion in Rome, spreading among non-Jews with the help of figures like Paul. The Romans established Latin as a written and spoken language and developed an efficient military organization and aqueduct systems to transport water throughout the empire.
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Ancient Egypt was located along the fertile Nile River valley. The predictable flooding of the Nile provided rich silt that made the land ideal for agriculture. Farming was based around the seasonal flooding of the Nile. Egypt was united under a dynastic system in which power was passed down families. Major construction projects like the pyramids were built during stable periods like the Old Kingdom. The Middle Kingdom saw Egypt become a world trade power. The New Kingdom expanded Egypt's borders through military campaigns.
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The document discusses the dynastic cycle in Chinese history where dynasties would rise to power through virtue, rule for a long period, and then sharply decline by losing the Mandate of Heaven. It also explains how Buddhism grew in influence during a period of disunity following the fall of the Han Dynasty, as it offered explanations for suffering that Confucianism did not.
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The Han Dynasty ruled China from 206 BCE to 220 CE, being divided into the Western Han and Eastern Han periods. It followed the Qin Dynasty and was a time of Chinese cultural and economic prosperity. The Han Dynasty expanded China's territory through military campaigns. Emperor Wudi expanded the empire to approximately today's borders. The Han established a bureaucracy based on merit and administered civil service exams in Confucian thought. Agriculture, trade along the Silk Road, and inventions like paper and the wheelbarrow flourished. However, problems with land inheritance laws caused wealth to concentrate among the elite, weakening the dynasty over time. Wang Mang briefly overthrew the Han from 9-23 CE before order was restored.
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Ancient Egypt prospered due to its strong government foundation and interaction with other cultures. The Egyptian empire was formed along the fertile Nile River valley. King Menes united Upper and Lower Egypt around 3100 BC, establishing a centralized government ruled by powerful pharaohs considered divine rulers. The stable government and taxation system allowed cities to flourish under the Old Kingdom.
Egypt
- Egypt was divided into Lower and Upper Egypt, with different customs and dialects. Lower Egypt was in the fertile Nile Delta region while Upper Egypt was further south.
- The Old Kingdom established Egypt as a theocratic monarchy ruled by absolute pharaohs as living gods. Society was organized into peasants, officials, and the pharaoh's relatives who held no individual power.
- The New Kingdom expanded Egypt's empire through its first permanent army but was later plagued by invasions and broke into small states. It saw the rise of monotheism under Akhenaten and a return to polytheism later.
Cyrus dynasty
The Cyrus dynasty was a very powerful dynasty that lasted 200 years and grew into a huge empire. It ruled over a vast territory for two centuries before eventually falling. The dynasty established a large and influential empire in western Asia and northeast Africa that lasted for over two hundred years.
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The document summarizes the major civilizations that arose in Mesopotamia between 3000 BC to 600 BC. It discusses the Sumerians, Babylonians, Hittites, Assyrians, Chaldeans, Persians, Phoenicians, Lydians, and Hebrews/Jews. The Sumerians invented writing and city-states ruled by kings and priests. The Babylonians adopted Sumerian culture and had the famous law code of Hammurabi. The Assyrians were fierce warriors that formed a large empire through conquest and deporting defeated populations. The Persians formed a vast empire from India to Europe using an imperial bureaucracy and respect for local religions.
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Egypt’s stability is in stark contrast to the Ancient Near East of the same period, which endured an overlapping series of cultures and upheavals with amazing regularity. The earliest royal monuments, such as the Narmer Palette carved around 3100 B.C.E., display identical royal costumes and poses as those seen on later rulers, even Ptolemaic kings on their temples 3000 years later.
Ancient egypt
Ancient Egypt was home to one of the earliest civilizations, with nomadic tribes settling along the Nile River as early as 5000 BC and developing farming. Over time, two kingdoms emerged in Lower and Upper Egypt that were eventually united under King Narmer in 3000 BC. Egypt was then ruled by 30 successive dynasties over the next 3000 years. Some notable periods included the Old Kingdom characterized by theocracy and pyramid building, the Middle Kingdom with expanded trade and canal construction, and the New Kingdom featuring military conquests and powerful pharaohs like Hatshepsut and Ramses II. However, foreign invasions and internal weakness led to Egypt's decline after Ramses II's long rule ended in the
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Ancient Chinese civilization extended back nearly 4,000 years and was ruled by a succession of dynasties. Key dynasties included the Xia, Shang, Zhou, Qin, and Han dynasties. The Han Dynasty ruled for 400 years and made important contributions such as developing the Silk Road, expanding trade, and establishing a strong central government. Chinese philosophy and religion also developed, with Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism influencing Chinese thought and culture.
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Chapter 7
HAN DYNASTY CHINA AND IMPERIAL ROME, 300 BCE=300 CE
Han China and Imperial Rome:
How Globalizing Empires Were Built
Unprecedented power: Roman and Han characteristics
Size, quality, and lasting worldwide impact
Cultural, economic, and administrative control
Empire and cultural identity
Han
Civilian magistrates and bureaucrats were public servants
Emulated past models for empire’s ideals
Elites shared common language
Belief in ancestor worship
Rome
Definition of citizenship changed over time
Pragmatic innovation and adaptation as empire’s ideals
Common language was Latin
Patterns of Imperial Expansion
Both Han Chinese and Romans consolidated power within their geographical limits using a common legal framework
They had different patterns of development, types of public servants, and government practices
Han looked to past for methods; Romans used pragmatism to define methods
United huge territories and diverse populations within an imperial framework
Both became models for later empire builders
Provided a vision for a common identity
East Asia, 206 BCE–220 CE
WORLDS TOGETHER, WORLDS APART, 5TH EDITION
© 2018 W. W. Norton & Co., Inc.
Map 7.1 | East Asia, 206 BCE–220 CE
Both the Qin and the Han dynasties consolidated much of East Asia into one large regional empire.
• According to the map, what physical features imposed a limit to this territorial expansion?
• Why was the defensive wall so long, and why was it placed facing north?
• What impact did the pastoral Xiongnu have on each empire’s effort to consolidate a large territorial state?
• According to your reading, why did the Han expand their influence farther west than the Qin?
5
The Qin Dynasty
Integration of vast territory through administrative and economic innovations
Political organization and control
Commanderies (provinces) with civilian and military governors
Registration of males for army and public labor
Control by censorship
Standardized weights, measures, and currency
Legalism
Stability through strict law and punishment
Group responsibility for individuals
Qin orthodoxy
Improved communications through road systems
Standardized writing style
Economic and Social Changes under the Qin Dynasty
Expansion of agriculture
Role of government
Role of peasant farmers
Economic changes
Farms replace royal manors
Profit from surpluses
Business and labor contracts
Long-distance trade
Merchant class and trade networks
Government trade tariffs
Defense and Expansion
The Xiongnu and the Qin along the northern frontier
Beginnings of the Great Wall
Qin relationship with Xiongnu nomadic warriors: delicate balance
The Qin debacle
Qin collapse
Constant warfare led to heavy taxes
Former nobles and conscripted workers mutiny
Civil war
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- 1. Madden 1 Successful Civilizations Han Empire Roman Empire Kush Empire The Han Empire The romans had a The Kush Empire had defeated the Qin strong leader, a very strong political army, which meant Augustus who played and military that they had a a major role in the government so they strong army. decision making and were able to control The goal of the Han he greatly helped a large area of Africa. Empire was to unify Rome. They were some of China which many Rome had a large the first to use the people wanted and population of people idea of dividing an that helped get the and soldiers so they area into states to peoples support. were able to strongly divide control. The education defend their country. They were able to system became With the large create gold prominent and that population that they processing plants helped people learn had they were able and had strong about a successful to have a very steady settlements; this tells government. economy and there us that they had a was plenty of money good economy from circulating. the gold and enough to build stable settlement areas.
- 2. Madden 1 Successful Civilizations Works cited Successful governments Wilford, John Noble. "Scholars Race to Recover A Lost Kingdom on the Nile." The New York Times. The New York Times, 19 June 2007. Web. 12 Oct. 2012. <http://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/19/science/19kush.html>. Crawford A. "Why Was Augustus so Successful in Creating the Roman Empire?" Why Was Augustus so Successful in Creating the Roman Empire? UNRV, n.d. Web. 12 Oct. 2012. <http://www.unrv.com/fall-republic/why-was-augustus-so-successful.php>. BBC News. BBC, n.d. Web. 12 Oct. 2012. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/romans/empire_01.shtml "Han Dynasty."Han Dynasty.N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Oct. 2012. <http://www.chinaculture.org/gb/en_aboutchina/2003-09/24/content_2272 4.htm>.