The document provides information about various historical periods and civilizations including: 1) Rome established peace and order through its empire and treated defeated enemies fairly, maintaining control through a system of roads covering 53,000 miles. 2) The Byzantine Empire continued Rome's influence and Justinian expanded its reach, rebuilding structures like the Hagia Sophia and codifying Roman laws. 3) Islam emerged in the 7th century with Muhammad receiving revelations from Gabriel, and the religion spread across Africa and Asia based on beliefs in one God and following the Five Pillars and teachings in the Quran.

1. 10 10 10 10 20 20 20 20 30 30 30 30 30 40 40 40 40 40 50 50 50 50 50 60 60 60 60 60 70 70 70 70 70 80 80 80 80 80 90 90 90 90 90 100 100 100 100 100 Rome Byzantine Islam Africa India 10 20

2. The era of peace and stability established by the Roman Empire.

3. Pax Romana

4. What does Veto mean?

5. The power to block the actions of another part of the government

6. How did Rome keep order in its conquered territories?

7. Treating its defeated enemies fairly

8. Describe a Republic.

9. Government without a king where the officials are selected by the people

10. Before Julius Caesar seized power, what was a dictator.

11. A ruler appointed by the Senate to rule for 6 months during emergencies/war

12. In the Roman Republic who were the Tribunes?

13. Officials in charge of looking out for the interests of the plebeians

14. In the Roman Republic who were the Consuls?

15. Officials in charge of running the government and commanding the army

16. Roman roads helped unite the empire; how many miles did these roads cover?

17. 53,000 miles

18. Who was the first emperor of Rome?

19. Julius Caesar

20. Which emperor made Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire?

21. Constantine

22. What church did Justinian rebuild in Constantinople?

23. He Rebuilt the Hagia Sophia?

24. What was the name of the new religion of the Byzantine Empire?

25. The Eastern Orthodox Christianity

26. What laws did Justinian rewrite for Byzantium?

27. Roman Laws became the “Justinian Codes”

28. Did Justinian expand or contract the Byzantine Empire?

29. He expanded the Byzantine Empire.

30. What was unique about Constantinople’s geography?

31. It was surrounded by water on three sides

32. What is the difference between E. Orthodox and Roman Catholic priests ability to marry?

33. Eastern Orthodox priests may marry, Roman Catholic priest may not

34. Who is the head of the Eastern Orthodox Church?

35. The Patriarch is head of the Eastern Orthodox Church

36. What architectural achievement contributed to Constantinople’s defense?

37. A wall protecting the 4 th side which wasn’t protected by water.

38. What caused Constantinople to be a center for cultural diffusion?

39. It’s location at the center of trade routes between Europe and Asia

40. What was the cause of the Great Schism?

41. The Byzantine Emperor didn’t want to be ruled by the Pope in Rome

42. What is the Arabic word for “God?”

43. What is Allah?

44. What was the name of the angel who called Muhammad to be a messenger of God?

45. Gabriel

46. What was the name of the “city of the prophet?”

47. Medina

48. The Muslim term for “struggle in God’s service.”

49. Jihad

50. A society where men hold legal and moral authority.

51. Patriarchal

52. A temple in Mecca built by Abraham to worship one true God.

53. Ka’aba

54. What does the word “Islam” mean?

55. To submit to God

56. To achieve salvation, Muslims perform acts of worship known as…

57. The Five Pillars of Faith

58. One common aspect of Christianity, Judaism, and Islam is:

59. Monotheism or the belief in one God

60. The Muslim book of worship is called

61. Quran (Koran)

62. How did geography and climate affect the history of Africa?

63. Separate empires developed throughout Africa

64. The spread of Islam into the kingdoms of Ghana and Mali resulted from

65. Migration and Trade

66. Nubia developed in what part of Africa?

67. Along the Upper Nile River Valley

68. How did Ghana become so powerful?

69. It controlled the Gold-Salt trade

70. How did Sunni Ali of Songhai differ from other W. African rulers?

71. He was not Muslim

72. Axum’s location enabled it to trade with….

73. India, Arabia, and Asia

74. What was Mali’s relationship to Ghana?

75. Ghana was replaced by Mali

76. In Africa, why would the sources of salt be located near the ocean?

77. The Atlantic Ocean is a good source of salt

78. A major reason for Meroe’s success was the ability of its people to make tools and weapons from

79. Iron

80. West African merchants were willing to pay a high price for salt because

81. It was a scarce commodity in West Africa

82. River whose valley was the site if India’s first civilization

83. Indus

84. India’s social structure that began under the Aryans

85. The caste system

86. The Aryans’ collection of sacred knowledge.

87. The Vedas

88. This is the greatest, and longest Indian Epic

89. Mahabharata

90. Major religion of India that developed slowly over a long period of time.

91. Hinduism

92. Members of the lowest class in the Indian social system

93. The Untouchables

94. Birth name of the founder of Buddhism

95. Siddhartha Gautama

96. State of complete happiness and peace in Buddhism

97. Nirvana

98. Most honored Mauryan ruler, who converted to Buddhism and promoted peace.

99. Asoka

100. Name two of the three Hindu Trinity

101. Brahma Vishnu Shiva