Hair loss (alopecia) can affect just your scalp or your entire body, and it can be temporary or permanent. It can be the result of heredity, hormonal changes, medical conditions or a normal part of aging. Anyone can lose hair on their head, but it's more common in men

1. Alopecia / hair loss
PRESENTED BY – BIMINISHA DEBBARMA
GROUP - IV

2. Definition:
 Alopecia is defined as the loss of hair from areas where hair normally grows
According to Brunner
 Partial or complete baldness or loss of hair.
According to luck man’s
 Hair loss is often a cause of great concern to the patient for cosmetic and
psychological reasons.It can also be an important sign of systemic disease.

3. Hair cycle:
Each cycle consists of a long growing phase (anagen), a brief transitional apoptotic phase
(catagen), and a short resting phase (telogen).

4.  Scalp hair grows in cycles, with each hair follicle undergoing 10 to 30 cycles in its
lifetime.
 Diffuse hair shedding is the result of a disruption of one phase of the hair cycle,
ie, anagen (active hair growth), catagen (involution), or telogen (resting)
 The anagen phase can last 2 to 8 years, the catagen phase lasts 4 to 6 weeks, and
the telogen phase lasts 2 to 3 months
 Most people have about 100,000 scalp hairs.
 normally 10% to 15% of these are in the telogen phase, rest 85-90% in Anagen
phase.
 Shedding of 100 to 150 telogen hairs per day is normal.

5. Forms of Alopecia:
There are different types of alopecia. the main types of hair loss are:
 Alopecia Areata (AA)
 Alopecia Totalis (AT)
 Alopecia Universalis (AU)
 Alopecia Barbae
 Androgenetic Alopecia (AGA)
 Scarring Alopecias (Cicatricial Alopecias)

6. Alopecia Areata (AA):
Alopecia areata is an autoimmune
condition which causes patchy hair loss. It
can result in a single bald patch or
extensive patchy hair loss.

7. Alopecia Totalis (AT)
Alopecia totalis is a more advanced
form of alopecia areata which results
in total loss of all hair on the scalp.

8. Alopecia Universalis (AU)
Alopecia universalis is the most advanced
form of alopecia areata which results in total
loss of all hair on the body, including
eyelashes and eyebrows.

9. Alopecia Barbae
Alopecia barbae is alopecia areata that is
localised to the beard area. It can be a
single bald patch or more extensive hair
loss across the whole of the beard area.

10. Scarring Alopecias
(Cicatricial Alopecias):
Scarring alopecias refers to a
group of rare disorders which
cause permanent hair loss.
Caused by any inflammatory
processes which causes
permanent damage to hair
follicles.(burns, bacterial
infections, autoimmune diseases )

11. Androgenetic Alopecia (AGA)
 Also known as male pattern baldness or female pattern baldness.
 It is a thinning of the hair to an almost transparent state, in both men or women.
 It is hereditary
 In both men and women, it's linked to having an excess of male hormones (androgens) around the hair
follicles, which can block hair growth.
 Women are more likely to develop androgenic alopecia after menopause, when they have fewer female
hormones.
 Most cases of hair loss are due to androgenic alopecia.

12. male pattern baldness female pattern baldness

13. Causes of alopecia:
 Exposure to allergens, irritants, toxins, burns, injuries, and infections.
 Certain medications (especially anabolic steroids like testosterone)
 Chronic kidney failure
 Radiation and chemotherapy .
 Malnutrition

14. Malnutriton
 While hair follicles are among the
most metabolically active in the
body, and hair growth may be
impacted by calorie and
protein malnutrition as well as
micronutrient deficiency, the links
are complex. ... Hair loss is
common, with close to 50% of
men and women affected by
pattern hair loss by age 50.
Radiation and chemotherapy
 Hair loss, also called alopecia,
may be a side effect
of chemotherapy, targeted
therapy, radiation therapy, or
bone marrow/stem cell
transplants. These treatments
can cause hair loss by harming
the cells that help hair grow.

15. Diagnostic test
Physical Exam:
A dermatologist examines your scalp to check for inflammation, redness, sores, or
scarring. The doctor looks closely at your hair to determine how much is being lost,
the pattern of the hair loss, and whether there is hair breakage.
Fungal Culture(tinea capitis):
A dermatologist may scrape or swab the scalp or take a small sample of skin or hair
for laboratory testing. It can take several weeks of incubation in the laboratory for a
fungus culture to become positive.

16. Trichometric Analysis (Pluck test)
 Dermatologists use trichometric analysis, a sophisticated computerized
measurement tool, to analyze characteristics of the scalp and hair. Our doctors
use a digital assessment system called Folliscope, which consists of a small
handheld device containing a high definition, microscopic camera.
 Doctors use this camera to take pictures of the scalp and hair, and the images are
displayed on a computer monitor. The Folliscope can magnify these images by up
to 100 times, giving doctors a detailed look at hair, hair follicles, and the scalp &
also provides information about hair coverage, including the total number of hairs
on the scalp and the diameter of each strand of hair.

17. punch” biopsy
 It’s called a “punch” biopsy because of
the technique used: Dermatologists
use a device the size and shape of a
pencil to puncture the scalp and
remove a small tissue sample. This
sample is sent to a lab for testing, and
the incision is closed with a few
stitches. Biopsies are frequently used
to distinguish between the types of
cicatricial, or scarring, alopecia.
Blood Tests & Iron Deficiency
 If doctors suspect the hair loss may be
due to an underlying medical condition, a
vitamin or mineral deficiency, or a
hormonal imbalance, they may
recommend one or more blood tests.
 Too little iron in the bloodstream may
contribute to hair loss. Doctors use blood
tests to check the level of ferritin. Ferritin
levels are often low in menstruating
women; those with anemia, a condition in
which people lack healthy red blood cells;
and vegetarians or vegans.

18. Treatment
 Although hair loss rarely needs to be treated, many people seek treatment for cosmetic
reasons.
 There is no cure for alopecia and no universally proven therapy to induce hair re-growth.
 Many cases of hair loss are temporary, for example, due to chemotherapy, or they're a
natural part of ageing and don't need treatment.
 If hair loss is caused by an infection or another condition , treating the underlying
problem may help prevent further hair loss.

19. Finasteride:
It acts by preventing the hormone
testosterone being converted to the hormone
dihydrotestosterone (DHT).
DHT causes the hair follicles to shrink, so
blocking its production allows the hair
follicles to regain their normal size.
The balding process usually resumes
within six to 12 months if treatment is
stopped

20. Minoxidil:
Minoxidil is available as a lotion you
rub on your scalp every day.
It's not clear how minoxidil works, but
evidence suggests it can cause hair
regrowth in some men.
Minoxidil is currently the only medicine
available to treat female-pattern
baldness.

21. Corticosteroid injections:
 Acts by suppressing the immune system.
 This is useful in alopecia Areata because the
condition is thought to be caused by the
immune system damaging the hair follicles.
Retin A / Tretinoin:
 Retin-A was originally used for the treatment
of acne and other skin problems.
 However studies have shown that Retin-A,
when used alone in the form of a gel, which is
rubbed onto the area of hair loss, or in
combination with topical Minoxidil can result
in moderate to good hair growth in individuals
with Alopecia.

22. Surgical Treatment
Hair transplantation
 It is a surgical technique that
removes hair follicles from one part of the
body, called the 'donor site', to a bald or
balding part of the body known as the
'recipient site'. The technique is primarily
used to treat male pattern baldness.
Follicular unit
transplantation (FUT)
 It is a hair restoration technique, also
known as the strip procedure, where a
patient's hair is transplanted in naturally
occurring groups of 1 to 4 hairs,
called follicular units.

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