Hailstorms and its effect on agriculture

3. Introduction
Formation
Layer nature of the hailstones
Factors favoring hailstrom
Climatology
Detection
Sequence of Presentation

4. • storm is any disturbed state of an environment or
atmosphere especially affecting its surface,and
strongly implying severe weather.
• TYPES
 Ice storm
 Blizzard
 Firestorm
 Dust devil
 Squall
 Gale
 Thunderstorm
 Tropical cyclone
 Hailstorm
 Tornado

5.  Hail is a form of solid precipitation
 hailstorm :Any thunderstorm which produces hail that reaches the
ground
 Hailstones can grow to 15 centimetres and weigh more than 0.5
kilograms
 Unlike ice pellets, hailstones are layered and can be irregular and
clumped together.
 Hailstones can be very large or very small, depending on how strong the
updraft

6. Hailstones ranging in size from few millimetres to over a
centimetre in diameter.

7. The largest recorded hailstone in the United States by diameter 7.9
inches (20 cm) and weight 1.94 pounds (0.88 kg). The hailstone fell in
Vivian, South Dakota on July 23, 2010.

8.  Hail forms in strong thunderstorm clouds, particularly
those with intense updrafts
 high liquid water content, great vertical extent, large
water droplets,
 where a good portion of the cloud layer is below
freezing 0 °C(32 °F).
 The growth rate is maximized where air is near a
temperature of −13 °C (9 °F)
Hailstones

9. Hail shaft

10.  Hail forms in strong thunderstorm clouds, particularly
those with intense updrafts
 high liquid water content, great vertical extent, large
water droplets
 where a good portion of the cloud layer is below
freezing 0 °C(32 °F).
 The growth rate is maximized where air is near a
temperature of −13 °C (9 °F)

11.  Hail is a form of solid precipitation
 hailstorm :Any thunderstorm which produces hail that reaches the
ground
 Hailstones can grow to 15 centimetres and weigh more than 0.5
kilograms
 Unlike ice pellets, hailstones are layered and can be irregular and
clumped together.
 Hailstones can be very large or very small, depending on how strong the
updraft

12.  droplets supercooled water and will freeze on contact
with condensation nuclei
 Hailstones were subjected to multiple descents and ascents
 This up and down motion was thought to be responsible for the
successive layers of the hailstone
 When the hailstone moves into an area with a high concentration of
water droplets
 hailstone move into an area where mostly water vapour is available,
it acquires a layer of opaque white ice

13. Large hailstone with concentric rings

14.  Hail is most common within continental interiors of the mid-
latitudes
 Movement of dry air into strong thunderstorms can increase
the frequency of hail
 hail is less common in the tropics despite a much higher
frequency of thunderstorms than in the mid-latitudes
 Hail in the tropics occurs mainly at higher elevations

15.  Hail occurs most frequently within continental interiors at mid-latitudes and
is less common in the tropics
 Hail is also much more common along mountain ranges because mountains
force horizontal winds upwards (known as orographic lifting),
 The higher elevations also result in there being less time available for hail to
melt before reaching the ground.
 One of the more common regions for large hail is across mountainous
northern India
 Hail in this region occurs between the months of March and October during
the afternoon and evening hours

16. • Weather radar is a very useful tool to detect the presence of hail-
producing thunderstorms.
• Modern radar scans many angles around the site.
• Summing reflectivities in the Vertically Integrated Liquid gives the
liquid water content in the cloud.
• hail size and probability can be estimated from radar data by
computer using algorithms based research.

17. Certain patterns of reflectivity are important clues for
the meteorologist.
The three body scatter spike is an example.

18. Severe thunderstorms containing hail can exhibit a
characteristic green coloration

20.  Damage to plant leaves is most severe when hail falls in
spring.
 Hail later in the season will reduce harvests by knocking fruit
off plants.
 damage to trees shows up as split and broken stems.
 This can increase the chance of disease, insects or rot. Large
leaved ornamental plants show the most obvious damage.

21.  The best approach is to clean up the debris and trim off
broken stems and leaves.
 Remove damaged fruits, which will attract insects.
 Wounds that are minor will heal but benefit from an
application of fungicide to prevent
 Plants damaged late in the season benefit from a layer of
mulch around the base of the plant to help it survive
winter.
 Some plants are too heavily affected

23. A hail storm devastates the farming town of
Moradabad,killing 230 people in 1888
Many rice fields are affected causes crores of losses
Thousands of farm animals were also killed by the
sudden hail storm

24. • Usually this period of year rarely gets rain but
this year heavy rainfall
• farmers those lost their harvest and bag loss for
this season.
• Approximately 106 lakh hectares harvest
damaged
• 80 Farmers attempted suicide only in March.
• It is also recorded the wettest march of last 100
years
March 2015 North India unseasonal
rain

26. Impact
• This led to heavy and frequent showers in March , 62.5 millimetres of rainfall were
recorded
• came at a time when the rabi crop was to be harvested, hit about 10 million
hectares of the 60 million hectares of sown area.
• The standing wheat, mustard and chana crops were hit the hardest.
• Wheat crop in 21 per cent of the overall sown area has been completely damaged.
• The estimated loss to an average farmer affected by rains has been Rs 20,000 per
acre but the government has announced a relief of just Rs 6,800 per hectare for
rain fed areas

27. Affected states and crops
Madhya Pradesh Chickpea, Wheat,Isabago, Mustard and lentil
Maharashtra Rabi sorghum,citrus,Wheat,Chickpea, Onion, Mango,
Gujarat Wheat, Cumin, Mango, Chickpea affected by 15-30%
Telangana Turmeric, Safflower, Onion, Chillies and Rabi sorghum
Andhra Pradesh Rice fallow pulses and rabi maize
Punjab Wheat on heavy textured soils
Karnataka
Rabi Sorghum(10-15%), Chickpea (around 20%),
Safflower
Haryana Wheat and Mustard crops
Bihar
Wheat,oilseeds and pulses affected because of lodging
and water logging
Jharkhand Oilseeds and pulses crops
Uttar Pradesh Wheat and mustard
Assam Boro rice, mustard, potato and cabbage
Meghalaya Boro rice, mustard, potato and cabbage
Manipur Boro rice and maize crops
Tripura Boro rice and maize crops

28. Damaged crop due to heavy rainfall and Hailstorm
Damage 113 lakh hectares Harvest damaged in 15 states
Areas affected N India

29. • Maharashtra’s director for Horticulture Sudam
Adsul says mango and grape are the worst
affected,
• exports down 50 per cent from last year. Of the
2.4 lakh hectares
• the worst damage was to wheat and gram, and
next to grapes, pomegranate and mangoes.
• Satana Taluka accounts for 10,000 acres of
pomegranate trees
North Maharashtra and Marathwada,

31. • more than 140 deaths have been reported.
• Meteorologist S.I. Laskar said the storm was due to an
unstable atmosphere caused by excessive heat and
humidity
• The worst damage was reported in the towns of
Hemtabad, Islampur, Kaliaganj, Karandighi, and Raiganj
Purina
• More than 8,000 hectares of maize was destroyed in
West Bengal. More than 4,000 hectares of maize and
boro rice was destroyed in Bangladesh.
• In Assam, paddy crops, bananas, and other vegetation
were damaged.
2010 Eastern Indian storm
11 pm local time, 13 April 2010

32. Map of the areas affected by the April 13, 2010
storm in Bangladesh and eastern India