Multi-K™, Haifa’s potassium nitrate brand, is the basis of a whole line of plain and enriched potassium nitrate products, designed for optimal plant nutrition
Potassium is an essential nutrient for plant growth. It is absorbed by plants as a potassium ion (K+). Most soil potassium exists in unavailable forms within minerals or clay layers, but a small amount is readily available to plants. Potassium is critical for photosynthesis, enzyme activation, water regulation and protein synthesis in plants. Deficiencies can cause chlorosis, stunted growth, disease susceptibility and poor crop quality. Proper potassium management through fertilization can improve crop yields and quality while reducing environmental impacts.
Potassium plays a critical role in many processes important for plant growth and yield. It is essential for cell elongation, maintaining turgor pressure, photosynthesis, protein synthesis, phloem transport of photosynthates, and stomatal regulation of gas exchange. Potassium transporter proteins are important for potassium uptake and translocation within the plant. Adequate potassium nutrition helps plants tolerate environmental stresses like drought, high light intensity, and salinity. Plants exposed to these stresses have higher potassium requirements. Maintaining sufficient potassium levels is important for maximizing plant protection against stresses under marginal growth conditions.
Potassium is an essential nutrient for plant growth. It is involved in many important plant processes like photosynthesis, enzyme activation, and water regulation. While total potassium content in soils is usually high, most of it is unavailable to plants. Only a small portion in the forms of exchangeable and water soluble potassium is readily available. Maintaining adequate available potassium levels through fertilization is important for optimal plant growth, yield, quality and stress resistance. Deficiency can cause various symptoms like chlorosis and stunted growth. Proper soil testing and balanced fertilizer management practices are required to supply potassium needs of crops and minimize losses and environmental impacts.
Greenhouse and methane emission effects on fruit plantssukhjinder mann
The document discusses the effects of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane on global climate change and fruit plants. It notes that greenhouse gases trap heat in the lower atmosphere, causing the planet to be about 15°C warmer than it would be otherwise. It then discusses the major greenhouse gases and their sources, as well as how climate change is impacting fruit cultivation around the world. For example, apple production in India is declining by 40-50% at lower altitudes as warmer temperatures reduce chilling requirements. The document also examines the physiological effects of increased CO2 and ozone on plant growth and fruit quality.
Increased co2 effect on crop production tam 2013-25Vijay Kumar
Elevated carbon dioxide levels can have both positive and negative effects on crop production. Increased CO2 is expected to increase photosynthesis and growth through "carbon dioxide fertilization," but may decrease nutrient content. Experiments show higher CO2 can increase plant biomass, leaf area, and water use efficiency while decreasing stomatal conductance. However, protein and mineral concentrations tend to decrease with rising CO2. While yields often rise, harvest index and food quality may decline. Both benefits and risks of increasing atmospheric CO2 on agriculture require further study.
This document summarizes the symptoms of nutrient deficiencies in plants. It describes the visual symptoms caused by deficiencies of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, manganese, iron, copper, zinc, boron, including chlorosis, necrosis, stunting, and effects on fruits. The symptoms provided a way to identify which nutrient a plant may be lacking by the pattern and location of discoloration and damage visible on its leaves, stems, and fruits.
Potassium is an essential nutrient for plant growth. It is absorbed by plants as a potassium ion (K+). Most soil potassium exists in unavailable forms within minerals or clay layers, but a small amount is readily available to plants. Potassium is critical for photosynthesis, enzyme activation, water regulation and protein synthesis in plants. Deficiencies can cause chlorosis, stunted growth, disease susceptibility and poor crop quality. Proper potassium management through fertilization can improve crop yields and quality while reducing environmental impacts.
Potassium plays a critical role in many processes important for plant growth and yield. It is essential for cell elongation, maintaining turgor pressure, photosynthesis, protein synthesis, phloem transport of photosynthates, and stomatal regulation of gas exchange. Potassium transporter proteins are important for potassium uptake and translocation within the plant. Adequate potassium nutrition helps plants tolerate environmental stresses like drought, high light intensity, and salinity. Plants exposed to these stresses have higher potassium requirements. Maintaining sufficient potassium levels is important for maximizing plant protection against stresses under marginal growth conditions.
Potassium is an essential nutrient for plant growth. It is involved in many important plant processes like photosynthesis, enzyme activation, and water regulation. While total potassium content in soils is usually high, most of it is unavailable to plants. Only a small portion in the forms of exchangeable and water soluble potassium is readily available. Maintaining adequate available potassium levels through fertilization is important for optimal plant growth, yield, quality and stress resistance. Deficiency can cause various symptoms like chlorosis and stunted growth. Proper soil testing and balanced fertilizer management practices are required to supply potassium needs of crops and minimize losses and environmental impacts.
Greenhouse and methane emission effects on fruit plantssukhjinder mann
The document discusses the effects of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane on global climate change and fruit plants. It notes that greenhouse gases trap heat in the lower atmosphere, causing the planet to be about 15°C warmer than it would be otherwise. It then discusses the major greenhouse gases and their sources, as well as how climate change is impacting fruit cultivation around the world. For example, apple production in India is declining by 40-50% at lower altitudes as warmer temperatures reduce chilling requirements. The document also examines the physiological effects of increased CO2 and ozone on plant growth and fruit quality.
Increased co2 effect on crop production tam 2013-25Vijay Kumar
Elevated carbon dioxide levels can have both positive and negative effects on crop production. Increased CO2 is expected to increase photosynthesis and growth through "carbon dioxide fertilization," but may decrease nutrient content. Experiments show higher CO2 can increase plant biomass, leaf area, and water use efficiency while decreasing stomatal conductance. However, protein and mineral concentrations tend to decrease with rising CO2. While yields often rise, harvest index and food quality may decline. Both benefits and risks of increasing atmospheric CO2 on agriculture require further study.
This document summarizes the symptoms of nutrient deficiencies in plants. It describes the visual symptoms caused by deficiencies of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, manganese, iron, copper, zinc, boron, including chlorosis, necrosis, stunting, and effects on fruits. The symptoms provided a way to identify which nutrient a plant may be lacking by the pattern and location of discoloration and damage visible on its leaves, stems, and fruits.
Potassium is an essential mineral that regulates important bodily functions in humans and plays a key role in plant growth and photosynthesis. It is obtained through foods like fruits, vegetables, dairy products, and meat or through fertilizers and soil. In plants, potassium is necessary for carbohydrate metabolism, enzyme activation, osmotic regulation, and protein synthesis. It is also essential for photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation in legumes. The potassium cycle involves potassium moving between soil, plants, animals and decomposing matter through processes like leaching, runoff, erosion and existing in soil solution.
Functions and deficiency of Iron, boron and zincKrishna Aryal
This document discusses the essential nutrients iron, boron, and zinc. It covers the forms and occurrence of each in soils and plants, their functions, and deficiency symptoms.
Iron exists in soils as ferric and ferrous forms and is absorbed by plants in ferrous and ferric ions and chelated forms. It is important for chlorophyll synthesis, respiration, and various enzyme systems. Deficiency causes chlorosis beginning in young leaves. Boron is present in soil as boric acid and is absorbed undissociated. It is important for cell wall formation and other growth processes. Deficiency stunts growth and causes deformed young leaves. Zinc exists in soil as Zn2+ and is absorbed
Salinity is a common stress factor in agricultural areas that causes osmotic stress and reduces plant growth and crop productivity. The document examines the effect of different sodium chloride (NaCl) salt concentrations on germination and morphological attributes of maize. Laboratory experiments showed that higher salt concentrations (150mM - 250mM) significantly decreased germination rates and attributes like root and shoot length, mass, and number of leaves compared to the control. Similar inhibitory effects were observed in pot culture experiments. The study concludes that the maize variety tested is sensitive to NaCl salinity.
Essential nutrients for plants, their function and deficiency symptoms 1Vinodbharti6
1. There are 17 essential nutrients required for plant growth and development, classified as 9 macro and 8 micro nutrients.
2. Macro nutrients include primary nutrients nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium which are involved in key functions like photosynthesis, cell division, and chlorophyll production. Secondary nutrients calcium, magnesium, and sulfur are also required.
3. Micro nutrients such as boron, chlorine, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, and nickel play important roles in enzyme activation and photosynthesis, and deficiencies can result in leaf chlorosis or stunted growth.
There are 17 essential nutrients required for plant growth: carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O),
nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), iron (Fe),
manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), boron (B), molybdenum (Mo), chlorine (Cl) and nickel (Ni).
Of these 17, all except carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are derived from the soil. When the soil cannot
supply the level of nutrient required for adequate growth, supplemental fertilizer applications become
necessary.
The document discusses the history, classification, major types, and use of fertilizers. It defines fertilizers as natural or synthetic materials containing nutrients that are added to soil to support plant growth. Various nitrogenous, phosphatic, and potassic fertilizers are described along with their nutrient contents and uses. Production, demand, and consumption statistics for India from 2013-14 are also presented.
Plant pathology is the study of plant diseases caused by pathogens like fungi, bacteria, viruses, nematodes and algae. It involves understanding the pathogens that cause diseases, how diseases develop through interactions between the pathogen, host plant and environment, and methods for controlling diseases. Some common tea diseases mentioned are dieback, blister blight, grey-brown blight, red rust, and gall caused by fungi or algae that weaken and damage the plant through absorbing nutrients, secreting toxins, or blocking vascular systems.
The document discusses sulfur as a plant nutrient, including its sources, forms in soil, and factors affecting its availability. Sulfur exists in both inorganic and organic forms in soil, and is taken up by plants primarily as sulfate ions. Its availability is influenced by soil properties like texture, pH, organic matter, and redox conditions. Sulfur deficiency can limit plant growth, so fertilization may be needed to maintain sufficient levels for crop production.
This document discusses macro and micro nutrients that are important for plant growth. It defines macro nutrients as those needed in large amounts, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulfur. Micro nutrients, also called trace elements, are needed in small amounts and include iron, copper, zinc, boron, molybdenum and manganese. It provides details on the functions and deficiency symptoms of each of the major macro and micro nutrients.
Commercial Plant growht regulators used in india Subhomay Sinha
This document discusses plant growth regulators (PGRs) and their uses in agriculture. It begins by defining PGRs as naturally occurring or synthetic chemicals that are applied to plants to produce desired effects by stimulating or inhibiting plant cell enzymes and metabolism. The five major classes of naturally occurring PGRs are described as auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, and ethylene. The roles and effects of auxins and gibberellins are then discussed in more detail. Commercial formulations of auxins and gibberellins are presented along with their recommended uses and concentrations for different crops.
Reactions of Phosphorus in Acid and Alkaline Soil, Factors affecting Phosphor...MohanSahu35
This document provides information about a course assignment on phosphorus reactions in acid and alkaline soils. The assignment covers topics such as problems of phosphorus availability in acid and alkaline soils, reactions of phosphorus in soils including adsorption and precipitation, types of phosphorus fixation, behavior of phosphatic fertilizers in soils, and management of phosphorus under field conditions. The document outlines the contents to be covered in the assignment and provides details on various phosphorus reactions and processes in different soil types.
Potassium- Forms,Equilibrium in soils and its agricultural significance ,mech...Vaishali Sharma
The slide is conserned with the potassium fertilisers apllied in the soils. When the fertiliser applied in higher amount then it is avail in different form for plant uptake and there exist a equilibrium in soils and it has many agricultural significance and the slide also deal with brief on the mechanism of potassium fixation in the soil.
This document provides guidance for organic lettuce production in New York State. It discusses general organic management practices including certification requirements and developing an organic farm plan. Key sections focus on soil health, cover crops, and their role in building soil organic matter and nutrient levels. The document provides details on selecting and planting lettuce varieties as well as guidelines for crop nutrition, pest, disease and weed management according to organic practices.
The document discusses plant nutrient needs and the nitrogen cycle. It outlines 17 essential nutrients for plant growth including macronutrients, secondary nutrients, and micronutrients. Nitrogen is highlighted as it is often the most limiting nutrient. The nitrogen cycle is described, including nitrogen fixation, ammonification, nitrification, immobilization, leaching, volatilization, and denitrification. Both positive and adverse environmental effects of increasing reactive nitrogen are discussed.
Fertilizers are substances added to soil to provide elements necessary for plant growth. They can be inorganic, organic, or synthetic and are classified based on composition, physical form, and effect on soil pH. Fertilizers are categorized as straight, complex, or mixed based on nutrient composition and as solid, liquid, or gas based on physical form. They are also classified as acid-forming, base, or neutral based on their effect on soil acidity. Micronutrient fertilizers provide essential trace elements needed by plants such as iron, manganese, zinc, and copper.
The "Iron Ladies" of Udon Thani village in Thailand have been shouting "No Potash!" for four years in their struggle against a proposed potash mine in their village. Their battle cry has become synonymous with their opposition to the project.
Plant Tuff Silicon Fertilizer is a precision-blended fertilizer product containing silicon (Si), calcium, magnesium, manganese, and iron. It provides silicon, which is beneficial for plant health by enhancing strength, promoting photosynthesis, and improving tolerance to stresses. The product also adjusts soil pH and improves nutrient availability and uptake. Research at LSU has shown Plant Tuff increases wheat yields and resistance to stress through silicon uptake, and reduces lodging in crops through strengthened stalks and roots. The product offers benefits over traditional lime in adjusting pH faster and improving plant productivity and stress tolerance through silicon.
Potassium is an essential mineral that regulates important bodily functions in humans and plays a key role in plant growth and photosynthesis. It is obtained through foods like fruits, vegetables, dairy products, and meat or through fertilizers and soil. In plants, potassium is necessary for carbohydrate metabolism, enzyme activation, osmotic regulation, and protein synthesis. It is also essential for photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation in legumes. The potassium cycle involves potassium moving between soil, plants, animals and decomposing matter through processes like leaching, runoff, erosion and existing in soil solution.
Functions and deficiency of Iron, boron and zincKrishna Aryal
This document discusses the essential nutrients iron, boron, and zinc. It covers the forms and occurrence of each in soils and plants, their functions, and deficiency symptoms.
Iron exists in soils as ferric and ferrous forms and is absorbed by plants in ferrous and ferric ions and chelated forms. It is important for chlorophyll synthesis, respiration, and various enzyme systems. Deficiency causes chlorosis beginning in young leaves. Boron is present in soil as boric acid and is absorbed undissociated. It is important for cell wall formation and other growth processes. Deficiency stunts growth and causes deformed young leaves. Zinc exists in soil as Zn2+ and is absorbed
Salinity is a common stress factor in agricultural areas that causes osmotic stress and reduces plant growth and crop productivity. The document examines the effect of different sodium chloride (NaCl) salt concentrations on germination and morphological attributes of maize. Laboratory experiments showed that higher salt concentrations (150mM - 250mM) significantly decreased germination rates and attributes like root and shoot length, mass, and number of leaves compared to the control. Similar inhibitory effects were observed in pot culture experiments. The study concludes that the maize variety tested is sensitive to NaCl salinity.
Essential nutrients for plants, their function and deficiency symptoms 1Vinodbharti6
1. There are 17 essential nutrients required for plant growth and development, classified as 9 macro and 8 micro nutrients.
2. Macro nutrients include primary nutrients nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium which are involved in key functions like photosynthesis, cell division, and chlorophyll production. Secondary nutrients calcium, magnesium, and sulfur are also required.
3. Micro nutrients such as boron, chlorine, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, and nickel play important roles in enzyme activation and photosynthesis, and deficiencies can result in leaf chlorosis or stunted growth.
There are 17 essential nutrients required for plant growth: carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O),
nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), iron (Fe),
manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), boron (B), molybdenum (Mo), chlorine (Cl) and nickel (Ni).
Of these 17, all except carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are derived from the soil. When the soil cannot
supply the level of nutrient required for adequate growth, supplemental fertilizer applications become
necessary.
The document discusses the history, classification, major types, and use of fertilizers. It defines fertilizers as natural or synthetic materials containing nutrients that are added to soil to support plant growth. Various nitrogenous, phosphatic, and potassic fertilizers are described along with their nutrient contents and uses. Production, demand, and consumption statistics for India from 2013-14 are also presented.
Plant pathology is the study of plant diseases caused by pathogens like fungi, bacteria, viruses, nematodes and algae. It involves understanding the pathogens that cause diseases, how diseases develop through interactions between the pathogen, host plant and environment, and methods for controlling diseases. Some common tea diseases mentioned are dieback, blister blight, grey-brown blight, red rust, and gall caused by fungi or algae that weaken and damage the plant through absorbing nutrients, secreting toxins, or blocking vascular systems.
The document discusses sulfur as a plant nutrient, including its sources, forms in soil, and factors affecting its availability. Sulfur exists in both inorganic and organic forms in soil, and is taken up by plants primarily as sulfate ions. Its availability is influenced by soil properties like texture, pH, organic matter, and redox conditions. Sulfur deficiency can limit plant growth, so fertilization may be needed to maintain sufficient levels for crop production.
This document discusses macro and micro nutrients that are important for plant growth. It defines macro nutrients as those needed in large amounts, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulfur. Micro nutrients, also called trace elements, are needed in small amounts and include iron, copper, zinc, boron, molybdenum and manganese. It provides details on the functions and deficiency symptoms of each of the major macro and micro nutrients.
Commercial Plant growht regulators used in india Subhomay Sinha
This document discusses plant growth regulators (PGRs) and their uses in agriculture. It begins by defining PGRs as naturally occurring or synthetic chemicals that are applied to plants to produce desired effects by stimulating or inhibiting plant cell enzymes and metabolism. The five major classes of naturally occurring PGRs are described as auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, and ethylene. The roles and effects of auxins and gibberellins are then discussed in more detail. Commercial formulations of auxins and gibberellins are presented along with their recommended uses and concentrations for different crops.
Reactions of Phosphorus in Acid and Alkaline Soil, Factors affecting Phosphor...MohanSahu35
This document provides information about a course assignment on phosphorus reactions in acid and alkaline soils. The assignment covers topics such as problems of phosphorus availability in acid and alkaline soils, reactions of phosphorus in soils including adsorption and precipitation, types of phosphorus fixation, behavior of phosphatic fertilizers in soils, and management of phosphorus under field conditions. The document outlines the contents to be covered in the assignment and provides details on various phosphorus reactions and processes in different soil types.
Potassium- Forms,Equilibrium in soils and its agricultural significance ,mech...Vaishali Sharma
The slide is conserned with the potassium fertilisers apllied in the soils. When the fertiliser applied in higher amount then it is avail in different form for plant uptake and there exist a equilibrium in soils and it has many agricultural significance and the slide also deal with brief on the mechanism of potassium fixation in the soil.
This document provides guidance for organic lettuce production in New York State. It discusses general organic management practices including certification requirements and developing an organic farm plan. Key sections focus on soil health, cover crops, and their role in building soil organic matter and nutrient levels. The document provides details on selecting and planting lettuce varieties as well as guidelines for crop nutrition, pest, disease and weed management according to organic practices.
The document discusses plant nutrient needs and the nitrogen cycle. It outlines 17 essential nutrients for plant growth including macronutrients, secondary nutrients, and micronutrients. Nitrogen is highlighted as it is often the most limiting nutrient. The nitrogen cycle is described, including nitrogen fixation, ammonification, nitrification, immobilization, leaching, volatilization, and denitrification. Both positive and adverse environmental effects of increasing reactive nitrogen are discussed.
Fertilizers are substances added to soil to provide elements necessary for plant growth. They can be inorganic, organic, or synthetic and are classified based on composition, physical form, and effect on soil pH. Fertilizers are categorized as straight, complex, or mixed based on nutrient composition and as solid, liquid, or gas based on physical form. They are also classified as acid-forming, base, or neutral based on their effect on soil acidity. Micronutrient fertilizers provide essential trace elements needed by plants such as iron, manganese, zinc, and copper.
The "Iron Ladies" of Udon Thani village in Thailand have been shouting "No Potash!" for four years in their struggle against a proposed potash mine in their village. Their battle cry has become synonymous with their opposition to the project.
Plant Tuff Silicon Fertilizer is a precision-blended fertilizer product containing silicon (Si), calcium, magnesium, manganese, and iron. It provides silicon, which is beneficial for plant health by enhancing strength, promoting photosynthesis, and improving tolerance to stresses. The product also adjusts soil pH and improves nutrient availability and uptake. Research at LSU has shown Plant Tuff increases wheat yields and resistance to stress through silicon uptake, and reduces lodging in crops through strengthened stalks and roots. The product offers benefits over traditional lime in adjusting pH faster and improving plant productivity and stress tolerance through silicon.
Indonesia Natural Zeolite manufacturer producer, wholesale and exporter by D&W Corporation which is specialized producing Natural Zeolite for fertilizer, Zeolite for feed additive and Zeolite for Aquaculture. Include Green Granular (Granule) Zeolite, Green Powder Zeolite, Zeolite Chips, Volcanic Soll (Volcanic Powder).
An overview of the Dutch Greenhouse horticulture with emphasis on modern crop...Giannis Panagiotakis
Dutch greenhouse horticulture focuses on modern fertigation technologies. The document discusses challenges for greenhouse horticulture like increasing costs and competition. It emphasizes innovations in crop management like improving light levels, CO2 enrichment, soilless cultivation, and higher leaf area index. Precise fertigation management is key, especially for soilless crops, to prevent salt accumulation. New techniques like virtual lysimeters model soil moisture content to schedule irrigation and fertilization according to crop demand.
Turfgrass and K: Reviewing the RelationshipChuck Bowen
Potassium is heralded as a nutrient critical for turfgrass stress tolerance – heat, cold, traffic, and water stress are all associated with potassium fertility. In this webinar, experts will discuss the role of potassium in plant physiology and cover the basics on understanding soil and tissue test interpretation for plant available potassium. They will also review the relevant scientific research on potassium and explain why many managers may be using potassium incorrectly.
The document discusses organic farming techniques such as building healthy soil, using organic matter like plant residues and manure, and the benefits of organic versus inorganic farming. Some key points covered include increasing the organic carbon in soil to above 2% using green manure crops, the importance of humus formation for water retention and microbial growth, and methods like mulching and the Dhabolkar technique for enriching soil quality.
Ppt fruit-apple-nutrition-cheng-cornell-2014-engUC Davis
- Nutrient requirements for apple trees on dwarfing rootstocks include N: 3.68, P: 0.61, K: 6.69, Ca: 2.64, Mg: 0.82, and S: 0.30 kg/mu, and B: 17.4, Zn: 11.3, Cu: 8.6, Mn: 34.4, and Fe: 27.7g/mu at a yield of 3.5ton/mu. Highest N demand occurs from bloom to end of shoot growth, followed by a lower but steady demand; many other nutrients shows relatively constant demand from bloom to harvest. Differential requirements by fruit and leaves.
Huminova 85 Rich is a highly concentrated potassium humate product that is 95.2% humic acid. It is derived from decomposed vegetation from the Carboniferous period and is water soluble. Using Huminova 85 Rich improves soil structure and nutrient retention in both sandy and clay soils. It increases the availability of nutrients to plants, beneficial microbes, and improves overall plant health, growth and yield. Huminova 85 Rich should be mixed with fertilizers or used as a foliar spray according to recommended application rates.
Potassium is an essential nutrient for plants that is required in large amounts. It makes up 0.2-2.0% of a plant's dry mass. Most of the potassium in soil exists in unavailable forms within minerals or clay layers. Only 0.1-2% exists as exchangeable or soluble potassium available for plant uptake. Proper potassium nutrition is important for plant growth, photosynthesis, enzyme activation, water regulation, and disease resistance. Deficiency causes chlorosis, stunted growth, and poor crop quality. Factors like soil moisture, pH, temperature affect potassium availability. Common fertilizer sources include potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, and potassium nitrate.
SafeRock Minerals is certified for use in organic agriculture as a mineral soil conditioner. It is a natural mineral resource which can be used to reduce our dependence on chemical fertilisers as it contains many of the minerals and trace elements essential for healthy crops and livestock. This is achieved through its unique balance of nutrients, which increase microbial and earthworm activity.
The document discusses Aquaphix, a product that helps remediate alkaline soils by lowering pH and reducing sodium, bicarbonates, and salts. It summarizes the product's benefits, including improving nutrient availability, water penetration, and soil structure. Research shows Aquaphix significantly reduces salt ppm, pH, bicarbonates, sodium, and sulfur levels in soils while being safe for plants, animals, and equipment.
Phytoremediation..A cost effective and ecofriendly technique for removal of h...Soumyashree Panigrahi
This reflects light on the effects of Heavy metals on the contaminated soil & how to over come the ill effects by phyto remediation..or use of plants in reclaiming the soil...
physiology and ecology of pottasium nutrients.FarhanaShiekh
This presentation discusses the physiology and ecology of potassium nutrition in plants. It provides an overview of potassium, including that it is an essential element for living organisms, particularly important for plants after nitrogen. The presentation covers the history of potassium; its occurrence in soil; how it exists in different forms in soil depending on availability; the factors that affect its transport in soil; its role and importance in plant growth, photosynthesis, and resisting drought; the symptoms of potassium deficiency in plants; how applying potassium fertilizers can improve crop yields and quality; and that potassium has no known harmful environmental effects when leached into water supplies.
This document discusses potassium (K) nutrition in rice. It notes that modern rice varieties uptake greater quantities of potassium, with uptake rates exceeding 100 kg/ha for yields of 5 tonnes/ha and over 200 kg/ha for yields over 8 tonnes/ha. Potassium promotes tillering, panicle development, spikelet fertility, nutrient uptake, leaf area, disease resistance, and other traits. The document also discusses mechanisms of potassium transport in rice plants, including multiple transporter families, and strategies to improve potassium use efficiency in plants, such as increasing root volume and mobility in soil. It summarizes two research papers, one on a rice QTL that encodes a potassium transporter conferring salt tolerance, and another finding
The document discusses the effects of potassium and magnesium on potato yield and quality. It summarizes that potassium uptake by potato plants can exceed 400 kg/ha during the growing season. The average nutrient demand of potatoes varies significantly depending on yield, being higher for German yields of 46 t/ha compared to Kenyan yields of 19 t/ha. Field trials showed that increasing potassium fertilizer rates up to 300 kg K2O/ha led to higher potato yields and dry matter content. Magnesium is also essential for plant assimilation and tuber quality. A balanced supply of potassium and magnesium decreases defects and increases storability and processing quality of potato crops.
This document discusses agronomic practices that can reduce the accumulation of non-nutritive elements like cadmium and arsenic in food crops. It notes that rice is a major source of cadmium and inorganic arsenic in diets. Genetic variability exists between crop cultivars in uptake of these elements. Water management, fertilizer use, and soil characteristics can all affect cadmium and arsenic concentrations in crops. Phosphate fertilizer can both increase and decrease arsenic availability depending on conditions. Careful management of irrigation, fertilizers, and cultivar selection can help lower harmful element levels in staple crops like rice and wheat.
This document discusses UltraZyme products, which are environmentally friendly cultures that remediate organic wastes and provide odor control. It describes three UltraZyme varieties - Powder, HydroCarbon Powder, and AquaCulture. UltraZyme Powder is effective for wastewater treatment and agricultural applications. UltraZyme HydroCarbon Powder eliminates toxic oil and gas contamination in soil and water. The document outlines the target markets and benefits of the products, and how UltraZyme works through bacterial growth phases to break down contaminants.
Potassium is an essential nutrient for plants that is commonly added to soils through fertilizer. Potassium regulates water flow in plants, activates enzymes, and helps with protein and starch synthesis. Common potassium fertilizers include potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, and potassium nitrate. Potassium chloride is the most widely used due to its low cost, though it can harm sensitive plants. Proper potassium levels in soil support plant growth and development and prevent leaf damage.
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!SOFTTECHHUB
As the digital landscape continually evolves, operating systems play a critical role in shaping user experiences and productivity. The launch of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 marks a significant milestone, offering a robust alternative to traditional systems such as Windows 11. This article delves into the essence of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, exploring its unique features, advantages, and how it stands as a compelling choice for both casual users and tech enthusiasts.
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracyTomaz Bratanic
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
AI 101: An Introduction to the Basics and Impact of Artificial IntelligenceIndexBug
Imagine a world where machines not only perform tasks but also learn, adapt, and make decisions. This is the promise of Artificial Intelligence (AI), a technology that's not just enhancing our lives but revolutionizing entire industries.
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...Neo4j
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
This keynote will reveal how Deloitte leverages Neo4j’s graph power for groundbreaking digital twin solutions, achieving a staggering 100x performance boost. Discover the essential role knowledge graphs play in successful generative AI implementations. Plus, get an exclusive look at an innovative Neo4j + Generative AI solution Deloitte is developing in-house.
Sudheer Mechineni, Head of Application Frameworks, Standard Chartered Bank
Discover how Standard Chartered Bank harnessed the power of Neo4j to transform complex data access challenges into a dynamic, scalable graph database solution. This keynote will cover their journey from initial adoption to deploying a fully automated, enterprise-grade causal cluster, highlighting key strategies for modelling organisational changes and ensuring robust disaster recovery. Learn how these innovations have not only enhanced Standard Chartered Bank’s data infrastructure but also positioned them as pioneers in the banking sector’s adoption of graph technology.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slackshyamraj55
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?Speck&Tech
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Partecipate alla presentazione per immergervi in una storia di interoperabilità, standard e formati aperti, per poi discutere del ruolo importante che i contributori hanno in una comunità open source sostenibile.
BIO: Sostenitrice del software libero e dei formati standard e aperti. È stata un membro attivo dei progetti Fedora e openSUSE e ha co-fondato l'Associazione LibreItalia dove è stata coinvolta in diversi eventi, migrazioni e formazione relativi a LibreOffice. In precedenza ha lavorato a migrazioni e corsi di formazione su LibreOffice per diverse amministrazioni pubbliche e privati. Da gennaio 2020 lavora in SUSE come Software Release Engineer per Uyuni e SUSE Manager e quando non segue la sua passione per i computer e per Geeko coltiva la sua curiosità per l'astronomia (da cui deriva il suo nickname deneb_alpha).
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Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
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For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/building-and-scaling-ai-applications-with-the-nx-ai-manager-a-presentation-from-network-optix/
Robin van Emden, Senior Director of Data Science at Network Optix, presents the “Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
In this presentation, van Emden covers the basics of scaling edge AI solutions using the Nx tool kit. He emphasizes the process of developing AI models and deploying them globally. He also showcases the conversion of AI models and the creation of effective edge AI pipelines, with a focus on pre-processing, model conversion, selecting the appropriate inference engine for the target hardware and post-processing.
van Emden shows how Nx can simplify the developer’s life and facilitate a rapid transition from concept to production-ready applications.He provides valuable insights into developing scalable and efficient edge AI solutions, with a strong focus on practical implementation.
“An Outlook of the Ongoing and Future Relationship between Blockchain Technologies and Process-aware Information Systems.” Invited talk at the joint workshop on Blockchain for Information Systems (BC4IS) and Blockchain for Trusted Data Sharing (B4TDS), co-located with with the 36th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE), 3 June 2024, Limassol, Cyprus.
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
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2. Contents
Potassium in the plant
Potassium in the soil
What is Multi-K®
The benefits of Multi-K
Nutrigation with Multi-K ®
Foliar nutrition with Haifa Bonus
Multi-K ® products
5. Plant Nutrients
Macro nutrients:
N (Nitrogen), P (Phosphorus), K (Potassium)
Secondary nutrients:
Ca (Calcium), Mg (Magnesium), S (Sulfur)
Micro nutrients:
Fe (Iron), Cu (Copper), Zn (Zinc), B (Boron),
Mn (Manganese), Mo (Molybdenum), Cl (Chloride)
6. Potassium (K) in the plant
Necessary for formation of sugars and starch
Activator of enzymatic reaction
Maintains turgor
Regulates opening of leaf stomata
Build cell walls
7. Potassium (K) in the plant
Due to its roles in many plant systems, potassium improves
plant durability and improves yield quality:
Improved drought resistance
Increased winter hardiness
Better disease resistance
Improved yield quality
Longer storage life
9. The tomato fruit contains:
up to 82% of total plant K
up to 63 % of total plant P
(Source: Atherton and Rudich, 1986)
Potassium composition of tomato fruit
N
29%
P2O5
5%
K2O
57%
CaO
6%
MgO
3%
10. Relation between K in petiols and sugar
content in Sugar-Beet
% Sugar
K in leaf petiols
10
12
14
16
18
20
2 3 4 5 6
12. The 4 principal components of soil
Air
Water
Organic
matter
Soil
minerals
13. Negatively-charged soil particle
Forms of soil potassium
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K Mineral K – unavailable
K+
K+
K+
K+
K+
K+
K+ Exchangeable K – absorbed to
the surface of soil particles
K+
K+
K+
K+
K+
K+
K+
K+
K in the soil solution
Readily available for plant uptake
K+
K+
K+ K+
K+
K+
K+ Fixed (non-exchangeable) K – unavailable
14. Typical distribution of K forms in the soil
Mineral K – unavailable Exchangeable K – absorbed to
the surface of soil particles
K in the soil solution
Readily available for plant uptake
Fixed (non-exchangeable) K
– unavailable
90-95% of soil potassium is unavailable for plant uptake
K
K+
K+
K+
15. Dynamics of soil potassium
K+
K+
K+K+K+
Soil solution
K+
K
KK
Mineral K
K
K+
K+K+
Fixed K
K+
K+K+
K+
Exchangeable K
Plant uptake Fertilization
Leaching
18. Potassium availability as a function of content
and conc. of exchangeable potassium
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
‰(w/w)exchangeableK2Ointhesoil
% Clay
Very high High
Optimal
Low
Very low
19. K+
K+
K+
K+
K+
How potassium moves from soil to root
Most potassium reaches root by diffusion
K+
K+
K+
K+K+
K+
Roots contact only small proportion of the soil
K+ travels only short distance: 7 mm or less
7mm
K+
K+
K+
K+
K+ supply near root may be depleted even in high K soil
K+
K+
K+
K+
K+
K+K+
K+
K+
K+
K+
K+
K+
K+
K+
K+
K+
27. Multi-K® potassium nitrate yields
Efficient plant nutrition
Stronger & healthier plants
Higher yields and better quality
Reduced effect of soil salinity
Water saving
Improved soil properties
Convenience in handling and application
28. Efficient plant Nutrition
A meal of nitrogen and potassium
Multi-K® potassium nitrate is the only fertilizer that
supplies both macro-nutrients, highest in the composition
of any plant:
Nitrogen as nitrate anion (NO3-), the most available form
of nitrogen for plant uptake
Potassium as K+, the major cation in the plant
29. Efficient plant Nutrition
Efficient absorption
The synergistic effect between K+ and NO3
- facilitates uptake of
both ions by the plant roots.
The electrical affinity between K+ and NO3
- prevents adsorption of
potassium to soil particles, keeping it available to plants.
30. Efficient plant Nutrition
100% plant nutrients
N-P2O5-K2O formula: 13-0-46
13% N = 62% NO3
-
46% K2O = 38% K+
100% KNO3
Fully consumed by the plant
Leaves no residues in the soil
31. Stronger & healthier plants
free of harmful elements
Multi-K is free of chloride, sodium and any other
harmful elements for the plant
Na+
Cl-
32. Topdryweight(g)
Chloride (mg/g)
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Stronger & Healthier plants
No Chloride
Chloride hinders plant development and reduces yields.
The higher the chloride in the plant composition, the lower its dry weight.
33. Multi-K® helps reversing
the adverse effects of chloride
Source: Kafkafi, Valoras and Letey
Application of nitrate reverses the process of chloride
accumulation in the plant tissues.
ChlorideContentintissues(meq/kg)
Nitrate content in tissues (meq /kg)
34. Stronger & Healthier plants
No Chloride
When chloride (Cl-) concentration in the soil solution increases,
plants take it up on the account of essential anionic nutrients,
especially nitrate.
High concentrations of chloride may cause toxic effects and even
death of plants
Multi-K® is free of detrimental chloride, so it is a safe for use in
all growing methods and for all crops.
35. Relieving chloride toxicity in avocado leaves by increasing nitrate
concentration in irrigation water containing 16 mM Cl
Stronger & Healthier plants
No Chloride
The nitrate in Multi-K® counteracts the chloride's harmful effect
36. When ammonium enters the root, the NH4-N is
completely metabolized in the root, consuming
the sugar that is transported to the root by the
phloem flow.
Sugar concentration is reduced and not available to
ammonium metabolism. Free ammonia (NH3)
accumulates in the cell, reach toxic levels and
causes roots death.
Low moderate temperatures
sucrose
respiration NH4
+Amide - (NH2)2
Amino - NH2
Amino - NH2
Proteins
H+
Elevated temperatures
sucrose
respiration
NH4
+NH3
NH3NH3
NH3
Both cell respiration and ammonium metabolism require sugars
Stronger & Healthier plants
No root-toxicity
37. High temperature in the root zone
More intensive cell respiration
Sugar concentration reduces
No sugar is available for ammonium
metabolism
Ammonium accumulates in the roots
Ammonia toxicity, root death
Ammonium
fertilization
Stronger & Healthier plants
No root-toxicity
The mechanism of ammonium accumulation in roots
38. Stronger & Healthier plants
No root-toxicity
At elevated temperatures (e.g. during the summer)
ammonium may accumulate in the roots, causing toxicity and
root death.
Multi-K® is an ammonium-free source of nitrogen, hence safe
for use even at high temperatures.
100% NH4
+ 50% NH4
+ / 50% NO3
- 100% NO3
-
39. Stronger & Healthier plants
Enhanced tolerance to extreme conditions
The potassium in Multi-K®
Helps building thicker cell walls
Increases the concentration of electrolytes inside the cell
Thus protecting the cell from frost damages
The potassium in Multi-K®
Encourages establishment and branching of roots
Improves water uptake from the soil
Thus enhancing the plant’s ability to withstand drought
40. Stronger & Healthier plants
Better resistance towards pathogens
Excessive N, K deficiency
Accumulation of short-chained
carbohydrates and non-protein
nitrogen
Development of bacteria, fungi,
nematodes and viruses
Adequate K supply is essential to prevent
the development of plant diseases
41. Higher yields & better quality
The potassium in Multi-K® increases yields
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
186 278 372
Pepper yield
(MT/ha)
K2O rate (kg/ha)
The effect of potassium (K) on pepper yield, under constant N
rate of 224 kg/ha
42. Higher yields & better quality
The potassium in Multi-K® increases yields
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
Yield (ton/ha) Mean fruit weight (g)
0 160 240 320kg K2O/ha
The effect of K rate on the yield and quality of
processing tomatoes
43. Higher yields & better quality
K for Quality
The potassium in Multi-K® helps improving quality
parameters of:
Fruit size: lager dimensions, better uniformity
Fruit looks: better color, minimized color blemishes or unusual
markings of mechanical injuries or any sign of disease
Nutritional values: higher content of protein, oil, vitamin C, etc.
Organoleptic features: enhanced flavor and aroma
Longer shelf life
Adequate processing quality for industry
44. Higher yields & better quality
K for Quality
The Effect of Multi-K ® on quality parameters
of Mineola tangelo
Source: Fuente & Ramirez, 1993
8.2
0.55
8
9
0.8
11.2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Acids (%) Sugars (Brix) Fruit diameter (cm)
Control
Multi-K
45. Source: Satti et Al., Muscat, Sultanate of Oman 1994
Multi-K ® Reverses the adverse effects of salinity
on Greenhouse Tomatoes
Total yield
(g/plant)
0
100
200
300
400
500
Monte Carlo Pearson
Control
Salinized
Salinized +
Multi-K
Multi-K ® combats salinity
46. 750
850
950
1050
1150
1250
0 0 1 5
EC= 1.8
EC= 5.0
EC= 6.0
EC= 5.5
Multi-K ® increases fresh yield in greenhouse Chinese cabbage under salinity
Multi-K ® Rate (mM)
Fresh yield
(g/plant)
Source: Feigin et Al. 1990, Israel
Multi-K ® combats salinity
47. The Effect of Salinity and Multi-K® on Shoot Mass of Sweet Corn
Dry matter
(g/plant)
Source: Imas & Feigin, 1995. Israel
Multi-K® combats salinity
40
70
100
130
160
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
2 mM
8 mM
14 mM
E. C. of Nutrient Solution (dS/m)
48. Water saving
Nitrate improves water management
Nitrtate-fed plants utilize water about 100% more efficiently
than ammonium-fed plants.
The difference becomes even more significant when potassium
concentration in the soil solution is low.
49. Water saving
K+ enhances water uptake
K K
K
K
K
K
K
K KK
K
KK
KK
KK
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
Adequate K level:
Osmotic pressure draws
water into the root
K deficiency:
Reduced ability to
absorb water
K in plant roots produces a gradient of osmotic pressure
50. Water saving
K+ prevents water losses
The potassium in Multi-K® regulates water status in the plant
51. Water saving
Multi-K® prevents salinity build-up
Multi-K® is consumed by the plant completely, preventing
accumulation of salts in the soil and salinity build-up.
Multi-K
K+
NO3
-
K+ K+
K+
NO3
-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
KCl
K+
Cl-
K+
K+
K+
Cl-
K
+
Cl-
Cl-
Cl
-
52. Improved soil properties
Multi-K® increases soil pH
Multi-K® has an alkaline effect in the root zone.
NO3
-
uptake
NH3
OH-
pH increases
NO3
-
Reduction
53. Improved soil properties
Multi-K® enhances P availability
Increase in nitrate level in the soil enhances exudation of the carboxylates.
Carboxylate anions released into the rhizosphere facilitate the release of
phosphate from the soil particles to the soil solution.
The nitrate in Multi-K® increases phosphorous availability to plants.
Soil Solution
Soil particles
RCOO2-
(Carboxylic Anion)
H2PO4
-
RCOO 2-
NO3
-
PO4
3-
NO3
-
RCOO 2-
PO4
3-
54. Convenient handling
Multi-K® is highly soluble
Fertilizer
Solubility g / Liter Water
100C 200C 300C
multi-K (Potassium Nitrate) 210 310 450
Potassium sulfate (SOP) 80 100 110
Multi-K® dissolves in water quickly and completely, which makes it
ideal for application by Nutrigation™ (fertigation) and for foliar
application.
Solubility comparison between Multi-K® and SOP
55. Convenient handling
Multi-K® is non hygroscopic
Hygroscopicity is the capacity of a product to absorb moisture from the air.
Hygroscopic fertilizers are more difficult for storage and handling.
Fertilizer Relative humidity (%)
Mono ammonium phosphate (MAP) 91.6
multi-K (potassium nitrate) 90.5
Ammonium Sulfate 79.2
Ammonium chloride 77.2
Urea 72.5
Sodium nitrate 72.4
Ammonium nitrate 59.4
Calcium nitrate 46.7
Multi-K® can be stored either in bags or in bulk without absorbing
moisture that may cause caking and handling difficulties.
Relative Humidity of Air in Equilibrium with Saturated Solutions of Nitrogen
Materials at 30°C
56. Convenient handling
Multi-K® is compatible with other fertilizers
SO4
2-
PO4
3-
Chemical interactions in the soil solution
HCO3
-
HCO3
-
HCO3
-
Mg2+
Mg2+
Mg2+
Mg2+
PO4
3-
PO4
3-
PO4
3-
SO4
2-
SO4
2-
SO4
2-
Ca2+
Ca2+
Ca2+
Ca2+ SO4
2- PO4
3-Ca2+ Mg2+ PO4
3- HCO3
-Ca2+
High pH in water can cause precipitates of calcium carbonate
Hazard of clogging emitters
58. Convenient handling
Multi-K® is non-volatile
Unlike ammonium, the nitrate in Multi-K® is non-volatile, so there is no
need to work it into the soil when applied by top- or side-dressing.
Urea KNO3
NH3
NH3
NO3
- NO3
-
59. Multi-K® is fully soluble in water,
safe for Nutrigation™ through all irrigation
systems.
Advantages: High solubility
60. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Solubility(g/100gwater)
Temp (oC)
Multi-K® is more soluble than other chloride-free potassium fertilizers
Advantages: High solubility
63. Annual uptake….
Dynamics of Nutrient Uptake
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
N P K Ca Mg
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0 5 10 15 20
K
N
Ca
P
Mg
… is not consumed at once
The charts show an example of nutritional requirements of tomatoes (grams per plant)
Left: total for the season. Right: weekly consumption.
64. Nutrigation with Multi-K® in tomatoes
N P2O5 K2O
Crop requirements kg/ha 300 60 550
Correction factor soil application 1.2-1.25 1.9-2.2 1.4-1.6
Correction factor Nutrigation 1.1-1.2 1.6-1.9 1.2-1.4
Corrected requirements 330 100 650
Nutrient level in the soil 20 ppm 150 kg/ha
Balance to apply 330 100 500
71. Haifa Bonus
High-K foliar formulas
Specially designed to allow for concentrated sprays
Based on Multi-K® potassium nitrate
Enriched with phosphorus
To enhance nutritional value
To keep pH at the optimal level for foliar absorption
For improved compatibility with pesticides
Contains special adjuvant
For better adhesion to the leaf surface
For improved absorption
For prolonged action
72. Haifa Bonus – how it works
1. Haifa-Bonus™ npK is applied by foliar
spray and forms droplets on the leaf
73. Haifa Bonus – how it works
2. Portion of the fertilizer is absorbed immediately.
74. Haifa Bonus – how it works
3. When the air gets hot and dry, the
fertilizer droplets dry up and nutrient
uptake temporarily discontinued.
75. Haifa Bonus – how it works
4. At night, the dew re-dissolves the fertilizer
and nutrient uptake is renewed.
79. N total 13.4%
N-NO3 13.4%
K2O 46.0%
K 38.1%
Insoluble matter 350 ppm
Bulk density 1.0 g/cm3
Multi-K® Classic
Crystalline potassium nitrate
Applications
Nutrigation and foliar feeding of all crops
Preparation of fertilizer blends
Production of liquid fertilizers
Packaging
25, 50, 500 and 1000kg bags
80. N total 13.5%
N-NO3 13.5%
K2O 46.2%
K 38.4%
Insoluble matter 350 ppm
Bulk density 1.1 g/cm3
Multi-K® GG
Greenhouse-Grade potassium nitrate
Applications
Nutrigation and foliar feeding of all crops
Preparation of fertilizer blends
Production of liquid fertilizers
Packaging
25, 50, 500 and 1000kg bags
81. N total 13.5%
N-NO3 13.5%
K2O 46.2%
K 38.4%
pH (10% soln.) 4.0
Insoluble matter 150 ppm
Bulk density 1.0 g/cm3
Multi-K® pHast
Low-pH potassium nitrate
Applications
Nutrigation and foliar feeding
Packaging
25, 50, 500 and 1000kg bags
82. N total 13.8%
N-NO3 13.8%
K2O 46.5%
K 38.6%
pH (10% soln.) 6.0-8.5
Insoluble matter 180 ppm
Bulk density 1.0 g/cm3
Multi-K® TOP
Top-Grade potassium nitrate
Applications
Hydroponics
Nutrigation of top-quality crops
Preparation of fertilizer blends and nutrient
solutions
Packaging
25, 500 and 1000kg bags
83. Multi-npK
Potassium nitrate enriched with phosphorus
Available formulae
13-5-42
13-3-43
13-2-44
Applications
Nutrigation and foliar feeding of all crops
Packaging
25, 500 and 1000kg bags
84. Multi-K® Mg
Potassium nitrate enriched with magnesium
Available formulae
12-0-43+2MgO
11-0-40+4MgO
12-2-43+1MgO
12-2-42+2MgO+0.5Mn
12-0-42+2MgO+0.2B
Applications
Nutrigation and foliar feeding of all crops
Favorable source of potassium for magnesium-
consuming crops (e.g. potato, tobacco, bulbs)
Packaging
25, 50, 500 and 1000kg bags
85. Multi-K® Zn
Potassium nitrate enriched with zinc
Available formulae
11-0-40+4Zn
12-0-43+2Zn
Applications
Nutrigation and foliar feeding of all crops
Prevention and curing of zinc deficiencies
(e.g. in citrus and pecan)
Packaging
25, 500 and 1000kg bags
86. Multi-K® ME
Potassium nitrate enriched with magnesium and micro-nutrients
Applications
Nutrigation and foliar feeding of all crops
Packaging
25 kg bags
N total 12.0% Micro-Nutrients
N-NO3 12.0% Fe* 1000 ppm
K2O 43.0% B 200 ppm
K 35.7% Zn* 140 ppm
MgO 1.0% Mn* 500 ppm
pH (10% soln.) 4.5-6.5 Mo 70 ppm
Insoluble matter 500 ppm Cu* 110 ppm
* EDTA chelates
87. N total 13.2%
N-NO3 13.2%
K2O 46.0%
K 38.1%
Bulk density 1.2 g/cm3
Multi-K® Prills
Potassium nitrate prills
Applications
Base-dressing and side-dressing of all
crops
Bulk-blending- production of granular NPK
fertilizers
Packaging
25, 50, 500 and 1000kg bags
88. Multi-npK® prills
Potassuim nitrate enriched with phosphorus
Available formulae
13-3-43
13-2-44
Applications
Base-dressing and side-dressing of all crops
Bulk-blending- production of granular NPK
fertilizers
Packaging
25, 50, 500 and 1000kg bags
89. Multi-K® Mg prills
Potassium nitrate enriched with magnesium
Available formulae
12-0-42+2MgO
11-0-39+4MgO
Applications
Base-dressing and side-dressing of all
crops
Favorable source of potassium for
magnesium-consuming crops (e.g. potato,
tobacco, bulbs)
Packaging
25, 50, 500 and 1000kg bags
90. Haifa Bonus
High-K foliar formulas
Specially designed to allow for concentrated sprays
Based on Multi-K® potassium nitrate
Enriched with phosphorus
To enhance nutritional value
To keep pH at the optimal level for foliar absorption
For improved compatibility with pesticides
Contains special adjuvant
For better adhesion to the leaf surface
For improved absorption
For prolonged action
92. Summary
Multi-K® is the ideal source of potassium (K) for plants:
Enriches plant nutrition with nitrate-N
Contains plant nutrients only
Free of sodium and chloride
Suitable for highly-efficient applications
Nutrigation™
Foliar nutrition (recommended to use Haifa Bonus)
Side-dressing
Wide range of formulae to suit all crops
and growth environments.