Air Traffic Volume

2. HAFIZ MUHAMMAD HASSAN ALI
TAIMOOR AJMAL
MOHSIN ALI
ABDUL AZIZ
HUSNAIN ASIF
PIONEERS GROUP

3. Air Traffic
Volume and Air
Traffic Control
Human Errors
PIONEERS GROUP

4. The day-to-day problems faced by the air
traffic control system are primarily
related to the volume of air traffic
demand placed on the system
and weather.
PIONEERS GROUP

5. Several factors dictate the amount of
traffic that can land at an airport in a
given amount of time. Each landing
aircraft must touch down, slow, and exit
the runway before the next crosses the
approach end of the runway.
PIONEERS GROUP

6. Reason’s Latent Error Model of Accident
Causation
Organizatio
nal
Influences
Unsafe
Supervision
Precondition
for Unsafe
Acts
Unsafe Acts
Source: Adapted from “Wiegmann & Shappell (2003)”. PIONEERS GROUP

7. The Human factor Analysis and
Classification System(HFACS)
Organizational
Influence
Resource Management
Organizational Climate
Organizational Process
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8. Unsafe
Supervision
Inadequate Supervision
Planned Inappropriate
operation
Failure to correct known
problem
Supervisory Violations
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9. Precondition for Unsafe
Acts
Environmental
Factors
Physical
Environment
Social
Environment
Technological
Environment
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10. Precondition for Unsafe
Acts
Personal
Factors
Condition of
Operators
AdverseMental State
Adverse
Physiological
State
Physical
Mental
Limitation
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11. Unsafe Acts
Errors
Decision Errors
Skill Based Errors
Perceptional Errors
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12. Unsafe Acts
Violation
Routine
Exceptional
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13. In 1921, Croydon Airport, London was
the first airport in the world to introduce
air traffic control.
PIONEERS GROUP

14. What is the purpose of ATC?
Objectives of the air traffic services
shall be prevent collisions between
aircrafts, prevent collisions between
aircrafts on the maneuvering area and
organize and expedite the flow of air
traffic, and provide information and
other support for pilots.
PIONEERS GROUP

15. Errors between Pilot and ATCO
A royal Norwegian Air force C-130J
military transport aircraft crashed into
the western wall on 15 march 2012.
The aircraft disappeared from radar
over the mountain in Sweden.
All five passengers on board were
killed.
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16. Airblue flight 202 was a schedule
domestic passenger flight, which crashed
on 28 July 2010 near Islamabad the capital
of Pakistan.
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17. The Aircraft A-321 operated by air
blue, crashed in margla hills, north of
Islamabad during flight from Karachi to
Islamabad.
All 146 passengers and 6crew
members on board were died.
Islamabad Air Traffic Controllers
reportedly lost contact with the flight
crew during its attempt to land in
dense fog and heavy monsoon rain.
PIONEERS GROUP

18. Errors generally occur during periods
following time of intense activity, when
controllers tend to relax and overlook the
presence of traffic and conditions that lead
to loss minimum separation. PIONEERS GROUP

19.  Another aircraft crashed because the
air traffic controller officers was busy
in watching football match.
PIONEERS GROUP

20. Investigation
 Study through interviews and surveys
of ATC safety experts.
ATC accounted for only 5% of
commercial aircraft accidents, which is
comparatively lower than other factors.
Other factors have different portions of
division.
PIONEERS GROUP

21. FAA
 FAA has also created a new area called
‘ATC-CRM’ for the study of controllers’
errors.
CRM used primarily for improving air
safety and it focuses on interpersonal
communication, leadership, and
decision making in the cockpit.
It stands for Crew/Cockpit Resource
Management.
PIONEERS GROUP